37 files changed, 265 insertions, 216 deletions

diff --git a/src/audio_core/CMakeLists.txt b/src/audio_core/CMakeLists.txt
index 8e3a8f5a8..75416c53a 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/audio_core/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -226,6 +226,10 @@ if(ENABLE_CUBEB)
     target_compile_definitions(audio_core PRIVATE -DHAVE_CUBEB=1)
 endif()
 if(ENABLE_SDL2)
-    target_link_libraries(audio_core PRIVATE SDL2)
+    if (YUZU_USE_EXTERNAL_SDL2)
+        target_link_libraries(audio_core PRIVATE SDL2-static)
+    else()
+        target_link_libraries(audio_core PRIVATE SDL2)
+    endif()
     target_compile_definitions(audio_core PRIVATE HAVE_SDL2)
 endif()
diff --git a/src/audio_core/sink/sink_stream.cpp b/src/audio_core/sink/sink_stream.cpp
index 849f862b0..67e194e3c 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/sink/sink_stream.cpp
+++ b/src/audio_core/sink/sink_stream.cpp
@@ -266,19 +266,20 @@ void SinkStream::ProcessAudioOutAndRender(std::span<s16> output_buffer, std::siz
 }
 
 void SinkStream::Stall() {
-    if (stalled) {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{stall_guard};
+    if (stalled_lock) {
         return;
     }
-    stalled = true;
-    system.StallProcesses();
+    stalled_lock = system.StallProcesses();
 }
 
 void SinkStream::Unstall() {
-    if (!stalled) {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{stall_guard};
+    if (!stalled_lock) {
         return;
     }
     system.UnstallProcesses();
-    stalled = false;
+    stalled_lock.unlock();
 }
 
 } // namespace AudioCore::Sink
diff --git a/src/audio_core/sink/sink_stream.h b/src/audio_core/sink/sink_stream.h
index 38a4b2f51..5fea72ab7 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/sink/sink_stream.h
+++ b/src/audio_core/sink/sink_stream.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
 #include <span>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -240,8 +241,8 @@ private:
     f32 system_volume{1.0f};
     /// Set via IAudioDevice service calls
     f32 device_volume{1.0f};
-    /// True if coretiming has been stalled
-    bool stalled{false};
+    std::mutex stall_guard;
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> stalled_lock;
 };
 
 using SinkStreamPtr = std::unique_ptr<SinkStream>;
diff --git a/src/core/core.cpp b/src/core/core.cpp
index d8934be52..94d4e2212 100644
--- a/src/core/core.cpp
+++ b/src/core/core.cpp
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
 
         kernel.Suspend(false);
         core_timing.SyncPause(false);
-        is_paused = false;
+        is_paused.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
         return status;
     }
@@ -200,14 +200,13 @@ struct System::Impl {
 
         core_timing.SyncPause(true);
         kernel.Suspend(true);
-        is_paused = true;
+        is_paused.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
         return status;
     }
 
     bool IsPaused() const {
-        std::unique_lock lk(suspend_guard);
-        return is_paused;
+        return is_paused.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
     }
 
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> StallProcesses() {
@@ -218,7 +217,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
     }
 
     void UnstallProcesses() {
-        if (!is_paused) {
+        if (!IsPaused()) {
             core_timing.SyncPause(false);
             kernel.Suspend(false);
         }
@@ -465,7 +464,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
     }
 
     mutable std::mutex suspend_guard;
-    bool is_paused{};
+    std::atomic_bool is_paused{};
     std::atomic<bool> is_shutting_down{};
 
     Timing::CoreTiming core_timing;
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/core/syncpoint_manager.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/core/syncpoint_manager.cpp
index eda2041a0..aba51d280 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/core/syncpoint_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/core/syncpoint_manager.cpp
@@ -28,13 +28,15 @@ SyncpointManager::SyncpointManager(Tegra::Host1x::Host1x& host1x_) : host1x{host
 SyncpointManager::~SyncpointManager() = default;
 
 u32 SyncpointManager::ReserveSyncpoint(u32 id, bool client_managed) {
-    if (syncpoints.at(id).reserved) {
+    auto& syncpoint = syncpoints.at(id);
+
+    if (syncpoint.reserved) {
         ASSERT_MSG(false, "Requested syncpoint is in use");
         return 0;
     }
 
-    syncpoints.at(id).reserved = true;
-    syncpoints.at(id).interface_managed = client_managed;
+    syncpoint.reserved = true;
+    syncpoint.interface_managed = client_managed;
 
     return id;
 }
@@ -56,11 +58,12 @@ u32 SyncpointManager::AllocateSyncpoint(bool client_managed) {
 
 void SyncpointManager::FreeSyncpoint(u32 id) {
     std::lock_guard lock(reservation_lock);
-    ASSERT(syncpoints.at(id).reserved);
-    syncpoints.at(id).reserved = false;
+    auto& syncpoint = syncpoints.at(id);
+    ASSERT(syncpoint.reserved);
+    syncpoint.reserved = false;
 }
 
-bool SyncpointManager::IsSyncpointAllocated(u32 id) {
+bool SyncpointManager::IsSyncpointAllocated(u32 id) const {
     return (id <= SyncpointCount) && syncpoints[id].reserved;
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ bool SyncpointManager::HasSyncpointExpired(u32 id, u32 threshold) const {
 
     if (!syncpoint.reserved) {
         ASSERT(false);
-        return 0;
+        return false;
     }
 
     // If the interface manages counters then we don't keep track of the maximum value as it handles
@@ -82,40 +85,51 @@ bool SyncpointManager::HasSyncpointExpired(u32 id, u32 threshold) const {
 }
 
 u32 SyncpointManager::IncrementSyncpointMaxExt(u32 id, u32 amount) {
-    if (!syncpoints.at(id).reserved) {
+    auto& syncpoint = syncpoints.at(id);
+
+    if (!syncpoint.reserved) {
         ASSERT(false);
         return 0;
     }
 
-    return syncpoints.at(id).counter_max += amount;
+    return syncpoint.counter_max += amount;
 }
 
 u32 SyncpointManager::ReadSyncpointMinValue(u32 id) {
-    if (!syncpoints.at(id).reserved) {
+    auto& syncpoint = syncpoints.at(id);
+
+    if (!syncpoint.reserved) {
         ASSERT(false);
         return 0;
     }
 
-    return syncpoints.at(id).counter_min;
+    return syncpoint.counter_min;
 }
 
 u32 SyncpointManager::UpdateMin(u32 id) {
-    if (!syncpoints.at(id).reserved) {
+    auto& syncpoint = syncpoints.at(id);
+
+    if (!syncpoint.reserved) {
         ASSERT(false);
         return 0;
     }
 
-    syncpoints.at(id).counter_min = host1x.GetSyncpointManager().GetHostSyncpointValue(id);
-    return syncpoints.at(id).counter_min;
+    syncpoint.counter_min = host1x.GetSyncpointManager().GetHostSyncpointValue(id);
+    return syncpoint.counter_min;
 }
 
 NvFence SyncpointManager::GetSyncpointFence(u32 id) {
-    if (!syncpoints.at(id).reserved) {
+    auto& syncpoint = syncpoints.at(id);
+
+    if (!syncpoint.reserved) {
         ASSERT(false);
         return NvFence{};
     }
 
-    return {.id = static_cast<s32>(id), .value = syncpoints.at(id).counter_max};
+    return {
+        .id = static_cast<s32>(id),
+        .value = syncpoint.counter_max,
+    };
 }
 
 } // namespace Service::Nvidia::NvCore
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/core/syncpoint_manager.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/core/syncpoint_manager.h
index b76ef9032..4f2cefae5 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/core/syncpoint_manager.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/core/syncpoint_manager.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public:
     /**
      * @brief Checks if the given syncpoint is both allocated and below the number of HW syncpoints
      */
-    bool IsSyncpointAllocated(u32 id);
+    bool IsSyncpointAllocated(u32 id) const;
 
     /**
      * @brief Finds a free syncpoint and reserves it
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp
index 9f4c7c99a..6fc8565c0 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp
@@ -55,48 +55,40 @@ void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager, NVFlinger::NVFlinger
 Module::Module(Core::System& system)
     : container{system.Host1x()}, service_context{system, "nvdrv"}, events_interface{*this} {
     builders["/dev/nvhost-as-gpu"] = [this, &system](DeviceFD fd) {
-        std::shared_ptr<Devices::nvdevice> device =
-            std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_as_gpu>(system, *this, container);
-        return open_files.emplace(fd, device).first;
+        auto device = std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_as_gpu>(system, *this, container);
+        return open_files.emplace(fd, std::move(device)).first;
     };
     builders["/dev/nvhost-gpu"] = [this, &system](DeviceFD fd) {
-        std::shared_ptr<Devices::nvdevice> device =
-            std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_gpu>(system, events_interface, container);
-        return open_files.emplace(fd, device).first;
+        auto device = std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_gpu>(system, events_interface, container);
+        return open_files.emplace(fd, std::move(device)).first;
     };
     builders["/dev/nvhost-ctrl-gpu"] = [this, &system](DeviceFD fd) {
-        std::shared_ptr<Devices::nvdevice> device =
-            std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_ctrl_gpu>(system, events_interface);
-        return open_files.emplace(fd, device).first;
+        auto device = std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_ctrl_gpu>(system, events_interface);
+        return open_files.emplace(fd, std::move(device)).first;
     };
     builders["/dev/nvmap"] = [this, &system](DeviceFD fd) {
-        std::shared_ptr<Devices::nvdevice> device =
-            std::make_shared<Devices::nvmap>(system, container);
-        return open_files.emplace(fd, device).first;
+        auto device = std::make_shared<Devices::nvmap>(system, container);
+        return open_files.emplace(fd, std::move(device)).first;
     };
     builders["/dev/nvdisp_disp0"] = [this, &system](DeviceFD fd) {
-        std::shared_ptr<Devices::nvdevice> device =
-            std::make_shared<Devices::nvdisp_disp0>(system, container);
-        return open_files.emplace(fd, device).first;
+        auto device = std::make_shared<Devices::nvdisp_disp0>(system, container);
+        return open_files.emplace(fd, std::move(device)).first;
     };
     builders["/dev/nvhost-ctrl"] = [this, &system](DeviceFD fd) {
-        std::shared_ptr<Devices::nvdevice> device =
-            std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_ctrl>(system, events_interface, container);
-        return open_files.emplace(fd, device).first;
+        auto device = std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_ctrl>(system, events_interface, container);
+        return open_files.emplace(fd, std::move(device)).first;
     };
     builders["/dev/nvhost-nvdec"] = [this, &system](DeviceFD fd) {
-        std::shared_ptr<Devices::nvdevice> device =
-            std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_nvdec>(system, container);
-        return open_files.emplace(fd, device).first;
+        auto device = std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_nvdec>(system, container);
+        return open_files.emplace(fd, std::move(device)).first;
     };
     builders["/dev/nvhost-nvjpg"] = [this, &system](DeviceFD fd) {
-        std::shared_ptr<Devices::nvdevice> device = std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_nvjpg>(system);
-        return open_files.emplace(fd, device).first;
+        auto device = std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_nvjpg>(system);
+        return open_files.emplace(fd, std::move(device)).first;
     };
     builders["/dev/nvhost-vic"] = [this, &system](DeviceFD fd) {
-        std::shared_ptr<Devices::nvdevice> device =
-            std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_vic>(system, container);
-        return open_files.emplace(fd, device).first;
+        auto device = std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_vic>(system, container);
+        return open_files.emplace(fd, std::move(device)).first;
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_item_consumer.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_item_consumer.cpp
index 6d2c92a2c..152bb5bdf 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_item_consumer.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_item_consumer.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Status BufferItemConsumer::AcquireBuffer(BufferItem* item, std::chrono::nanoseco
     return Status::NoError;
 }
 
-Status BufferItemConsumer::ReleaseBuffer(const BufferItem& item, Fence& release_fence) {
+Status BufferItemConsumer::ReleaseBuffer(const BufferItem& item, const Fence& release_fence) {
     std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
 
     if (const auto status = AddReleaseFenceLocked(item.buf, item.graphic_buffer, release_fence);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_item_consumer.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_item_consumer.h
index 69046233d..a5c655d9e 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_item_consumer.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_item_consumer.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public:
     explicit BufferItemConsumer(std::unique_ptr<BufferQueueConsumer> consumer);
     Status AcquireBuffer(BufferItem* item, std::chrono::nanoseconds present_when,
                          bool wait_for_fence = true);
-    Status ReleaseBuffer(const BufferItem& item, Fence& release_fence);
+    Status ReleaseBuffer(const BufferItem& item, const Fence& release_fence);
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::android
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue_consumer.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue_consumer.cpp
index 1ce67c771..0767e548d 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue_consumer.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue_consumer.cpp
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ Status BufferQueueConsumer::Connect(std::shared_ptr<IConsumerListener> consumer_
         return Status::NoInit;
     }
 
-    core->consumer_listener = consumer_listener;
+    core->consumer_listener = std::move(consumer_listener);
     core->consumer_controlled_by_app = controlled_by_app;
 
     return Status::NoError;
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/consumer_base.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/consumer_base.cpp
index 5b9995854..982531e2d 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/consumer_base.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/consumer_base.cpp
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Status ConsumerBase::AcquireBufferLocked(BufferItem* item, std::chrono::nanoseco
 }
 
 Status ConsumerBase::AddReleaseFenceLocked(s32 slot,
-                                           const std::shared_ptr<GraphicBuffer> graphic_buffer,
+                                           const std::shared_ptr<GraphicBuffer>& graphic_buffer,
                                            const Fence& fence) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVFlinger, "slot={}", slot);
 
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Status ConsumerBase::AddReleaseFenceLocked(s32 slot,
 }
 
 Status ConsumerBase::ReleaseBufferLocked(s32 slot,
-                                         const std::shared_ptr<GraphicBuffer> graphic_buffer) {
+                                         const std::shared_ptr<GraphicBuffer>& graphic_buffer) {
     // If consumer no longer tracks this graphic_buffer (we received a new
     // buffer on the same slot), the buffer producer is definitely no longer
     // tracking it.
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Status ConsumerBase::ReleaseBufferLocked(s32 slot,
 }
 
 bool ConsumerBase::StillTracking(s32 slot,
-                                 const std::shared_ptr<GraphicBuffer> graphic_buffer) const {
+                                 const std::shared_ptr<GraphicBuffer>& graphic_buffer) const {
     if (slot < 0 || slot >= BufferQueueDefs::NUM_BUFFER_SLOTS) {
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/consumer_base.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/consumer_base.h
index 90ba07f45..9a8a5f6bb 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/consumer_base.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/consumer_base.h
@@ -27,18 +27,18 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     explicit ConsumerBase(std::unique_ptr<BufferQueueConsumer> consumer_);
-    virtual ~ConsumerBase();
+    ~ConsumerBase() override;
 
-    virtual void OnFrameAvailable(const BufferItem& item) override;
-    virtual void OnFrameReplaced(const BufferItem& item) override;
-    virtual void OnBuffersReleased() override;
-    virtual void OnSidebandStreamChanged() override;
+    void OnFrameAvailable(const BufferItem& item) override;
+    void OnFrameReplaced(const BufferItem& item) override;
+    void OnBuffersReleased() override;
+    void OnSidebandStreamChanged() override;
 
     void FreeBufferLocked(s32 slot_index);
     Status AcquireBufferLocked(BufferItem* item, std::chrono::nanoseconds present_when);
-    Status ReleaseBufferLocked(s32 slot, const std::shared_ptr<GraphicBuffer> graphic_buffer);
-    bool StillTracking(s32 slot, const std::shared_ptr<GraphicBuffer> graphic_buffer) const;
-    Status AddReleaseFenceLocked(s32 slot, const std::shared_ptr<GraphicBuffer> graphic_buffer,
+    Status ReleaseBufferLocked(s32 slot, const std::shared_ptr<GraphicBuffer>& graphic_buffer);
+    bool StillTracking(s32 slot, const std::shared_ptr<GraphicBuffer>& graphic_buffer) const;
+    Status AddReleaseFenceLocked(s32 slot, const std::shared_ptr<GraphicBuffer>& graphic_buffer,
                                  const Fence& fence);
 
     struct Slot final {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.cpp
index c3af12c90..d1cbadde4 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.cpp
@@ -307,8 +307,7 @@ void NVFlinger::Compose() {
 
         swap_interval = buffer.swap_interval;
 
-        auto fence = android::Fence::NoFence();
-        layer.GetConsumer().ReleaseBuffer(buffer, fence);
+        layer.GetConsumer().ReleaseBuffer(buffer, android::Fence::NoFence());
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/producer_listener.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/producer_listener.h
index 1c4d5db0e..6bf8aaf1e 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/producer_listener.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/producer_listener.h
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ namespace Service::android {
 
 class IProducerListener {
 public:
+    virtual ~IProducerListener() = default;
     virtual void OnBufferReleased() = 0;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/input_common/CMakeLists.txt b/src/input_common/CMakeLists.txt
index cc6f0ffc0..193127d0a 100644
--- a/src/input_common/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/input_common/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -55,7 +55,11 @@ if (ENABLE_SDL2)
         drivers/sdl_driver.cpp
         drivers/sdl_driver.h
     )
-    target_link_libraries(input_common PRIVATE SDL2)
+    if (YUZU_USE_EXTERNAL_SDL2)
+        target_link_libraries(input_common PRIVATE SDL2-static)
+    else()
+        target_link_libraries(input_common PRIVATE SDL2)
+    endif()
     target_compile_definitions(input_common PRIVATE HAVE_SDL2)
 endif()
 
diff --git a/src/input_common/drivers/sdl_driver.cpp b/src/input_common/drivers/sdl_driver.cpp
index 45ce588f0..8de86b61e 100644
--- a/src/input_common/drivers/sdl_driver.cpp
+++ b/src/input_common/drivers/sdl_driver.cpp
@@ -361,6 +361,12 @@ void SDLDriver::CloseJoystick(SDL_Joystick* sdl_joystick) {
     }
 }
 
+void SDLDriver::PumpEvents() const {
+    if (initialized) {
+        SDL_PumpEvents();
+    }
+}
+
 void SDLDriver::HandleGameControllerEvent(const SDL_Event& event) {
     switch (event.type) {
     case SDL_JOYBUTTONUP: {
@@ -451,14 +457,6 @@ SDLDriver::SDLDriver(std::string input_engine_) : InputEngine(std::move(input_en
 
     initialized = true;
     if (start_thread) {
-        poll_thread = std::thread([this] {
-            Common::SetCurrentThreadName("SDL_MainLoop");
-            using namespace std::chrono_literals;
-            while (initialized) {
-                SDL_PumpEvents();
-                std::this_thread::sleep_for(1ms);
-            }
-        });
         vibration_thread = std::thread([this] {
             Common::SetCurrentThreadName("SDL_Vibration");
             using namespace std::chrono_literals;
@@ -481,7 +479,6 @@ SDLDriver::~SDLDriver() {
 
     initialized = false;
     if (start_thread) {
-        poll_thread.join();
         vibration_thread.join();
         SDL_QuitSubSystem(SDL_INIT_JOYSTICK | SDL_INIT_GAMECONTROLLER);
     }
diff --git a/src/input_common/drivers/sdl_driver.h b/src/input_common/drivers/sdl_driver.h
index d1b4471cf..366bcc496 100644
--- a/src/input_common/drivers/sdl_driver.h
+++ b/src/input_common/drivers/sdl_driver.h
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ public:
     /// Unregisters SDL device factories and shut them down.
     ~SDLDriver() override;
 
+    void PumpEvents() const;
+
     /// Handle SDL_Events for joysticks from SDL_PollEvent
     void HandleGameControllerEvent(const SDL_Event& event);
 
@@ -128,7 +130,6 @@ private:
     bool start_thread = false;
     std::atomic<bool> initialized = false;
 
-    std::thread poll_thread;
     std::thread vibration_thread;
 };
 } // namespace InputCommon
diff --git a/src/input_common/main.cpp b/src/input_common/main.cpp
index baeed2e02..942a13535 100644
--- a/src/input_common/main.cpp
+++ b/src/input_common/main.cpp
@@ -318,6 +318,12 @@ struct InputSubsystem::Impl {
 #endif
     }
 
+    void PumpEvents() const {
+#ifdef HAVE_SDL2
+        sdl->PumpEvents();
+#endif
+    }
+
     void RegisterInput(const MappingData& data) {
         mapping_factory->RegisterInput(data);
     }
@@ -466,6 +472,10 @@ void InputSubsystem::StopMapping() const {
     impl->mapping_factory->StopMapping();
 }
 
+void InputSubsystem::PumpEvents() const {
+    impl->PumpEvents();
+}
+
 std::string GenerateKeyboardParam(int key_code) {
     Common::ParamPackage param;
     param.Set("engine", "keyboard");
diff --git a/src/input_common/main.h b/src/input_common/main.h
index ced252383..6218c37f6 100644
--- a/src/input_common/main.h
+++ b/src/input_common/main.h
@@ -147,6 +147,9 @@ public:
     /// Stop polling from all backends.
     void StopMapping() const;
 
+    /// Signals SDL driver for new input events
+    void PumpEvents() const;
+
 private:
     struct Impl;
     std::unique_ptr<Impl> impl;
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/engine_upload.cpp b/src/video_core/engines/engine_upload.cpp
index 28aa85f32..e4f8331ab 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/engine_upload.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/engine_upload.cpp
@@ -49,10 +49,9 @@ void State::ProcessData(std::span<const u8> read_buffer) {
         if (regs.line_count == 1) {
             rasterizer->AccelerateInlineToMemory(address, copy_size, read_buffer);
         } else {
-            for (u32 line = 0; line < regs.line_count; ++line) {
-                const GPUVAddr dest_line = address + static_cast<size_t>(line) * regs.dest.pitch;
-                std::span<const u8> buffer(read_buffer.data() +
-                                               static_cast<size_t>(line) * regs.line_length_in,
+            for (size_t line = 0; line < regs.line_count; ++line) {
+                const GPUVAddr dest_line = address + line * regs.dest.pitch;
+                std::span<const u8> buffer(read_buffer.data() + line * regs.line_length_in,
                                            regs.line_length_in);
                 rasterizer->AccelerateInlineToMemory(dest_line, regs.line_length_in, buffer);
             }
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/engine_upload.h b/src/video_core/engines/engine_upload.h
index f08f6e36a..94fafd9dc 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/engine_upload.h
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/engine_upload.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ struct Registers {
         u32 y;
 
         GPUVAddr Address() const {
-            return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) | address_low);
+            return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
         }
 
         u32 BlockWidth() const {
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/fermi_2d.h b/src/video_core/engines/fermi_2d.h
index 24b518cb5..100b21bac 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/fermi_2d.h
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/fermi_2d.h
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public:
         u32 addr_lower;
 
         [[nodiscard]] constexpr GPUVAddr Address() const noexcept {
-            return (static_cast<GPUVAddr>(addr_upper) << 32) | static_cast<GPUVAddr>(addr_lower);
+            return (GPUVAddr{addr_upper} << 32) | GPUVAddr{addr_lower};
         }
     };
     static_assert(sizeof(Surface) == 0x28, "Surface has incorrect size");
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/kepler_compute.cpp b/src/video_core/engines/kepler_compute.cpp
index 7c50bdbe0..e5c622155 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/kepler_compute.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/kepler_compute.cpp
@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ void KeplerCompute::CallMultiMethod(u32 method, const u32* base_start, u32 amoun
                                     u32 methods_pending) {
     switch (method) {
     case KEPLER_COMPUTE_REG_INDEX(data_upload):
-        upload_state.ProcessData(base_start, static_cast<size_t>(amount));
+        upload_state.ProcessData(base_start, amount);
         return;
     default:
-        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
-            CallMethod(method, base_start[i], methods_pending - static_cast<u32>(i) <= 1);
+        for (u32 i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
+            CallMethod(method, base_start[i], methods_pending - i <= 1);
         }
         break;
     }
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/kepler_compute.h b/src/video_core/engines/kepler_compute.h
index aab309ecc..e154e3f06 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/kepler_compute.h
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/kepler_compute.h
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public:
                 struct {
                     u32 address;
                     GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                        return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address) << 8));
+                        return GPUVAddr{address} << 8;
                     }
                 } launch_desc_loc;
 
@@ -83,8 +83,7 @@ public:
                     u32 address_low;
                     u32 limit;
                     GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                        return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                                     address_low);
+                        return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
                     }
                 } tsc;
 
@@ -95,8 +94,7 @@ public:
                     u32 address_low;
                     u32 limit;
                     GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                        return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                                     address_low);
+                        return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
                     }
                 } tic;
 
@@ -106,8 +104,7 @@ public:
                     u32 address_high;
                     u32 address_low;
                     GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                        return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                                     address_low);
+                        return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
                     }
                 } code_loc;
 
@@ -162,8 +159,7 @@ public:
                 BitField<15, 17, u32> size;
             };
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high.Value()) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high.Value()} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
         std::array<ConstBufferConfig, NumConstBuffers> const_buffer_config;
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/kepler_memory.cpp b/src/video_core/engines/kepler_memory.cpp
index a3fbab1e5..08045d1cf 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/kepler_memory.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/kepler_memory.cpp
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ void KeplerMemory::CallMultiMethod(u32 method, const u32* base_start, u32 amount
                                    u32 methods_pending) {
     switch (method) {
     case KEPLERMEMORY_REG_INDEX(data):
-        upload_state.ProcessData(base_start, static_cast<size_t>(amount));
+        upload_state.ProcessData(base_start, amount);
         return;
     default:
-        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
-            CallMethod(method, base_start[i], methods_pending - static_cast<u32>(i) <= 1);
+        for (u32 i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
+            CallMethod(method, base_start[i], methods_pending - i <= 1);
         }
         break;
     }
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.cpp b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.cpp
index 212427b8b..55462752c 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.cpp
@@ -370,11 +370,11 @@ void Maxwell3D::CallMultiMethod(u32 method, const u32* base_start, u32 amount,
         ProcessCBMultiData(base_start, amount);
         break;
     case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(inline_data):
-        upload_state.ProcessData(base_start, static_cast<size_t>(amount));
+        upload_state.ProcessData(base_start, amount);
         return;
     default:
-        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
-            CallMethod(method, base_start[i], methods_pending - static_cast<u32>(i) <= 1);
+        for (u32 i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
+            CallMethod(method, base_start[i], methods_pending - i <= 1);
         }
         break;
     }
@@ -652,12 +652,12 @@ void Maxwell3D::ProcessDeferredDraw() {
         return;
     }
 
-    u32 method_count = static_cast<u32>(deferred_draw_method.size());
+    const auto method_count = deferred_draw_method.size();
     u32 instance_count = 1;
     u32 vertex_buffer_count = 0;
     u32 index_buffer_count = 0;
-    for (u32 index = 0; index < method_count; ++index) {
-        u32 method = deferred_draw_method[index];
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < method_count; ++index) {
+        const u32 method = deferred_draw_method[index];
         if (method == MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(vertex_buffer.count)) {
             instance_count = ++vertex_buffer_count;
         } else if (method == MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(index_buffer.count)) {
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h
index 84c497ebd..deba292a5 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h
@@ -96,8 +96,7 @@ public:
             u32 type;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -106,8 +105,7 @@ public:
             u32 address_low;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -124,8 +122,7 @@ public:
             Mode mode;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(offset_high) << 32) |
-                                             offset_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{offset_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{offset_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -187,7 +184,7 @@ public:
                 default:
                     // Thresholds begin at 0x10 (1 << 4)
                     // Threshold is in the range 0x1 to 0x13
-                    return 1 << (4 + threshold.Value() - 1);
+                    return 1U << (4 + threshold.Value() - 1);
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -468,8 +465,7 @@ public:
                 INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0xC);
 
                 GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                    return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                                 address_low);
+                    return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
                 }
             };
             static_assert(sizeof(Buffer) == 0x20);
@@ -511,12 +507,11 @@ public:
             u32 default_size_per_warp;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
 
             u64 Size() const {
-                return (static_cast<u64>(size_high) << 32) | size_low;
+                return (u64{size_high} << 32) | u64{size_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -538,13 +533,11 @@ public:
             u32 storage_limit_address_low;
 
             GPUVAddr StorageAddress() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(storage_address_high) << 32) |
-                                             storage_address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{storage_address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{storage_address_low};
             }
             GPUVAddr StorageLimitAddress() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>(
-                    (static_cast<GPUVAddr>(storage_limit_address_high) << 32) |
-                    storage_limit_address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{storage_limit_address_high} << 32) |
+                       GPUVAddr{storage_limit_address_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -829,11 +822,11 @@ public:
         struct CompressionThresholdSamples {
             u32 samples;
 
-            u32 Samples() {
+            u32 Samples() const {
                 if (samples == 0) {
                     return 0;
                 }
-                return 1 << (samples - 1);
+                return 1U << (samples - 1);
             }
         };
 
@@ -1138,8 +1131,7 @@ public:
             INSERT_PADDING_BYTES_NOINIT(0x18);
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
         static_assert(sizeof(RenderTargetConfig) == 0x40);
@@ -1482,8 +1474,7 @@ public:
             u32 address_low;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -1533,8 +1524,7 @@ public:
             u32 address_low;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -1561,8 +1551,7 @@ public:
             u32 array_pitch;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -1910,8 +1899,7 @@ public:
             Mode mode;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -1921,8 +1909,7 @@ public:
             u32 limit;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -1932,8 +1919,7 @@ public:
             u32 limit;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -1981,8 +1967,7 @@ public:
             u32 address_low;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -2027,8 +2012,7 @@ public:
             u32 address_low;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -2224,19 +2208,16 @@ public:
             }
 
             GPUVAddr StartAddress() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(start_addr_high) << 32) |
-                                             start_addr_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{start_addr_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{start_addr_low};
             }
 
             GPUVAddr EndAddress() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(limit_addr_high) << 32) |
-                                             limit_addr_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{limit_addr_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{limit_addr_low};
             }
 
             /// Adjust the index buffer offset so it points to the first desired index.
             GPUVAddr IndexStart() const {
-                return StartAddress() +
-                       static_cast<size_t>(first) * static_cast<size_t>(FormatSizeInBytes());
+                return StartAddress() + size_t{first} * size_t{FormatSizeInBytes()};
             }
         };
 
@@ -2464,8 +2445,7 @@ public:
             } query;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
 
@@ -2479,8 +2459,7 @@ public:
             u32 frequency;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
 
             bool IsEnabled() const {
@@ -2494,8 +2473,7 @@ public:
             u32 address_low;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
         static_assert(sizeof(VertexStreamLimit) == 0x8);
@@ -2543,8 +2521,7 @@ public:
             std::array<u32, NumCBData> buffer;
 
             GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                             address_low);
+                return (GPUVAddr{address_high} << 32) | GPUVAddr{address_low};
             }
         };
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_dma.cpp b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_dma.cpp
index 334429514..a189e60ae 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_dma.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_dma.cpp
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ void MaxwellDMA::CallMethod(u32 method, u32 method_argument, bool is_last_call)
 
 void MaxwellDMA::CallMultiMethod(u32 method, const u32* base_start, u32 amount,
                                  u32 methods_pending) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < amount; ++i) {
-        CallMethod(method, base_start[i], methods_pending - static_cast<u32>(i) <= 1);
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < amount; ++i) {
+        CallMethod(method, base_start[i], methods_pending - i <= 1);
     }
 }
 
@@ -94,14 +94,14 @@ void MaxwellDMA::Launch() {
                                             reinterpret_cast<u8*>(tmp_buffer.data()),
                                             regs.line_length_in * sizeof(u32));
         } else {
-            auto convert_linear_2_blocklinear_addr = [](u64 address) {
+            const auto convert_linear_2_blocklinear_addr = [](u64 address) {
                 return (address & ~0x1f0ULL) | ((address & 0x40) >> 2) | ((address & 0x10) << 1) |
                        ((address & 0x180) >> 1) | ((address & 0x20) << 3);
             };
-            auto src_kind = memory_manager.GetPageKind(regs.offset_in);
-            auto dst_kind = memory_manager.GetPageKind(regs.offset_out);
-            const bool is_src_pitch = IsPitchKind(static_cast<PTEKind>(src_kind));
-            const bool is_dst_pitch = IsPitchKind(static_cast<PTEKind>(dst_kind));
+            const auto src_kind = memory_manager.GetPageKind(regs.offset_in);
+            const auto dst_kind = memory_manager.GetPageKind(regs.offset_out);
+            const bool is_src_pitch = IsPitchKind(src_kind);
+            const bool is_dst_pitch = IsPitchKind(dst_kind);
             if (!is_src_pitch && is_dst_pitch) {
                 UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(regs.line_length_in % 16 != 0);
                 UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(regs.offset_in % 16 != 0);
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/puller.cpp b/src/video_core/engines/puller.cpp
index c308ba3fc..7718a09b3 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/puller.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/puller.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ void Puller::ProcessBindMethod(const MethodCall& method_call) {
     LOG_DEBUG(HW_GPU, "Binding subchannel {} to engine {}", method_call.subchannel,
               method_call.argument);
     const auto engine_id = static_cast<EngineID>(method_call.argument);
-    bound_engines[method_call.subchannel] = static_cast<EngineID>(engine_id);
+    bound_engines[method_call.subchannel] = engine_id;
     switch (engine_id) {
     case EngineID::FERMI_TWOD_A:
         dma_pusher.BindSubchannel(channel_state.fermi_2d.get(), method_call.subchannel);
@@ -285,12 +285,12 @@ void Puller::CallMultiMethod(u32 method, u32 subchannel, const u32* base_start,
     if (ExecuteMethodOnEngine(method)) {
         CallEngineMultiMethod(method, subchannel, base_start, amount, methods_pending);
     } else {
-        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
+        for (u32 i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
             CallPullerMethod(MethodCall{
                 method,
                 base_start[i],
                 subchannel,
-                methods_pending - static_cast<u32>(i),
+                methods_pending - i,
             });
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/video_core/host1x/syncpoint_manager.cpp b/src/video_core/host1x/syncpoint_manager.cpp
index a44fc83d3..8f23ce527 100644
--- a/src/video_core/host1x/syncpoint_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/host1x/syncpoint_manager.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ SyncpointManager::ActionHandle SyncpointManager::RegisterAction(
 }
 
 void SyncpointManager::DeregisterAction(std::list<RegisteredAction>& action_storage,
-                                        ActionHandle& handle) {
+                                        const ActionHandle& handle) {
     std::unique_lock lk(guard);
 
     // We want to ensure the iterator still exists prior to erasing it
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ void SyncpointManager::DeregisterAction(std::list<RegisteredAction>& action_stor
     }
 }
 
-void SyncpointManager::DeregisterGuestAction(u32 syncpoint_id, ActionHandle& handle) {
+void SyncpointManager::DeregisterGuestAction(u32 syncpoint_id, const ActionHandle& handle) {
     DeregisterAction(guest_action_storage[syncpoint_id], handle);
 }
 
-void SyncpointManager::DeregisterHostAction(u32 syncpoint_id, ActionHandle& handle) {
+void SyncpointManager::DeregisterHostAction(u32 syncpoint_id, const ActionHandle& handle) {
     DeregisterAction(host_action_storage[syncpoint_id], handle);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/host1x/syncpoint_manager.h b/src/video_core/host1x/syncpoint_manager.h
index 50a264e23..847ed20c8 100644
--- a/src/video_core/host1x/syncpoint_manager.h
+++ b/src/video_core/host1x/syncpoint_manager.h
@@ -36,21 +36,19 @@ public:
 
     template <typename Func>
     ActionHandle RegisterGuestAction(u32 syncpoint_id, u32 expected_value, Func&& action) {
-        std::function<void()> func(action);
         return RegisterAction(syncpoints_guest[syncpoint_id], guest_action_storage[syncpoint_id],
-                              expected_value, std::move(func));
+                              expected_value, std::move(action));
     }
 
     template <typename Func>
     ActionHandle RegisterHostAction(u32 syncpoint_id, u32 expected_value, Func&& action) {
-        std::function<void()> func(action);
         return RegisterAction(syncpoints_host[syncpoint_id], host_action_storage[syncpoint_id],
-                              expected_value, std::move(func));
+                              expected_value, std::move(action));
     }
 
-    void DeregisterGuestAction(u32 syncpoint_id, ActionHandle& handle);
+    void DeregisterGuestAction(u32 syncpoint_id, const ActionHandle& handle);
 
-    void DeregisterHostAction(u32 syncpoint_id, ActionHandle& handle);
+    void DeregisterHostAction(u32 syncpoint_id, const ActionHandle& handle);
 
     void IncrementGuest(u32 syncpoint_id);
 
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ private:
                                 std::list<RegisteredAction>& action_storage, u32 expected_value,
                                 std::function<void()>&& action);
 
-    void DeregisterAction(std::list<RegisteredAction>& action_storage, ActionHandle& handle);
+    void DeregisterAction(std::list<RegisteredAction>& action_storage, const ActionHandle& handle);
 
     void Wait(std::atomic<u32>& syncpoint, std::condition_variable& wait_cv, u32 expected_value);
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/surface.cpp b/src/video_core/surface.cpp
index b618e1a25..1a76d4178 100644
--- a/src/video_core/surface.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/surface.cpp
@@ -214,23 +214,16 @@ PixelFormat PixelFormatFromGPUPixelFormat(Service::android::PixelFormat format)
 }
 
 SurfaceType GetFormatType(PixelFormat pixel_format) {
-    if (static_cast<std::size_t>(pixel_format) <
-        static_cast<std::size_t>(PixelFormat::MaxColorFormat)) {
+    if (pixel_format < PixelFormat::MaxColorFormat) {
         return SurfaceType::ColorTexture;
     }
-
-    if (static_cast<std::size_t>(pixel_format) <
-        static_cast<std::size_t>(PixelFormat::MaxDepthFormat)) {
+    if (pixel_format < PixelFormat::MaxDepthFormat) {
         return SurfaceType::Depth;
     }
-
-    if (static_cast<std::size_t>(pixel_format) <
-        static_cast<std::size_t>(PixelFormat::MaxStencilFormat)) {
+    if (pixel_format < PixelFormat::MaxStencilFormat) {
         return SurfaceType::Stencil;
     }
-
-    if (static_cast<std::size_t>(pixel_format) <
-        static_cast<std::size_t>(PixelFormat::MaxDepthStencilFormat)) {
+    if (pixel_format < PixelFormat::MaxDepthStencilFormat) {
         return SurfaceType::DepthStencil;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/yuzu/CMakeLists.txt b/src/yuzu/CMakeLists.txt
index 0aa109dd3..060de0259 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/yuzu/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -387,7 +387,11 @@ if (YUZU_USE_BUNDLED_QT AND QT_VERSION VERSION_LESS 6)
 endif()
 
 if (ENABLE_SDL2)
-    target_link_libraries(yuzu PRIVATE SDL2)
+    if (YUZU_USE_EXTERNAL_SDL2)
+        target_link_libraries(yuzu PRIVATE SDL2-static)
+    else()
+        target_link_libraries(yuzu PRIVATE SDL2)
+    endif()
     target_compile_definitions(yuzu PRIVATE HAVE_SDL2)
 endif()
 
diff --git a/src/yuzu/main.cpp b/src/yuzu/main.cpp
index 346d14252..c21153560 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/main.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/main.cpp
@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ __declspec(dllexport) int AmdPowerXpressRequestHighPerformance = 1;
 
 constexpr int default_mouse_hide_timeout = 2500;
 constexpr int default_mouse_center_timeout = 10;
+constexpr int default_input_update_timeout = 1;
 
 /**
  * "Callouts" are one-time instructional messages shown to the user. In the config settings, there
@@ -405,6 +406,10 @@ GMainWindow::GMainWindow(std::unique_ptr<Config> config_, bool has_broken_vulkan
     mouse_center_timer.setInterval(default_mouse_center_timeout);
     connect(&mouse_center_timer, &QTimer::timeout, this, &GMainWindow::CenterMouseCursor);
 
+    update_input_timer.setInterval(default_input_update_timeout);
+    connect(&update_input_timer, &QTimer::timeout, this, &GMainWindow::UpdateInputDrivers);
+    update_input_timer.start();
+
     MigrateConfigFiles();
 
     if (has_broken_vulkan) {
@@ -3637,6 +3642,13 @@ void GMainWindow::UpdateUISettings() {
     UISettings::values.first_start = false;
 }
 
+void GMainWindow::UpdateInputDrivers() {
+    if (!input_subsystem) {
+        return;
+    }
+    input_subsystem->PumpEvents();
+}
+
 void GMainWindow::HideMouseCursor() {
     if (emu_thread == nullptr && UISettings::values.hide_mouse) {
         mouse_hide_timer.stop();
diff --git a/src/yuzu/main.h b/src/yuzu/main.h
index 6a9992d05..4f9c3b450 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/main.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/main.h
@@ -353,6 +353,7 @@ private:
     void UpdateGPUAccuracyButton();
     void UpdateStatusButtons();
     void UpdateUISettings();
+    void UpdateInputDrivers();
     void HideMouseCursor();
     void ShowMouseCursor();
     void CenterMouseCursor();
@@ -404,6 +405,7 @@ private:
     bool auto_muted = false;
     QTimer mouse_hide_timer;
     QTimer mouse_center_timer;
+    QTimer update_input_timer;
 
     QString startup_icon_theme;
     bool os_dark_mode = false;
diff --git a/src/yuzu/startup_checks.cpp b/src/yuzu/startup_checks.cpp
index 6a91212e2..ccdcf10fa 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/startup_checks.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/startup_checks.cpp
@@ -4,16 +4,19 @@
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
-#include <cstring> // for memset, strncpy
+#include <cstring>
 #include <processthreadsapi.h>
 #include <windows.h>
 #elif defined(YUZU_UNIX)
+#include <cstring>
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <spawn.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
-#include <cstdio>
+#include <fmt/core.h>
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_instance.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_library.h"
 #include "yuzu/startup_checks.h"
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ void CheckVulkan() {
             Vulkan::CreateInstance(library, dld, VK_API_VERSION_1_0);
 
     } catch (const Vulkan::vk::Exception& exception) {
-        std::fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize Vulkan: %s\n", exception.what());
+        fmt::print(stderr, "Failed to initialize Vulkan: {}\n", exception.what());
     }
 }
 
@@ -49,8 +52,15 @@ bool CheckEnvVars(bool* is_child) {
         *is_child = true;
         return false;
     } else if (!SetEnvironmentVariableA(IS_CHILD_ENV_VAR, ENV_VAR_ENABLED_TEXT)) {
-        std::fprintf(stderr, "SetEnvironmentVariableA failed to set %s with error %lu\n",
-                     IS_CHILD_ENV_VAR, GetLastError());
+        fmt::print(stderr, "SetEnvironmentVariableA failed to set {} with error {}\n",
+                   IS_CHILD_ENV_VAR, GetLastError());
+        return true;
+    }
+#elif defined(YUZU_UNIX)
+    const char* startup_check_var = getenv(STARTUP_CHECK_ENV_VAR);
+    if (startup_check_var != nullptr &&
+        std::strncmp(startup_check_var, ENV_VAR_ENABLED_TEXT, 8) == 0) {
+        CheckVulkan();
         return true;
     }
 #endif
@@ -62,8 +72,8 @@ bool StartupChecks(const char* arg0, bool* has_broken_vulkan, bool perform_vulka
     // Set the startup variable for child processes
     const bool env_var_set = SetEnvironmentVariableA(STARTUP_CHECK_ENV_VAR, ENV_VAR_ENABLED_TEXT);
     if (!env_var_set) {
-        std::fprintf(stderr, "SetEnvironmentVariableA failed to set %s with error %lu\n",
-                     STARTUP_CHECK_ENV_VAR, GetLastError());
+        fmt::print(stderr, "SetEnvironmentVariableA failed to set {} with error {}\n",
+                   STARTUP_CHECK_ENV_VAR, GetLastError());
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -81,48 +91,57 @@ bool StartupChecks(const char* arg0, bool* has_broken_vulkan, bool perform_vulka
         DWORD exit_code = STILL_ACTIVE;
         const int err = GetExitCodeProcess(process_info.hProcess, &exit_code);
         if (err == 0) {
-            std::fprintf(stderr, "GetExitCodeProcess failed with error %lu\n", GetLastError());
+            fmt::print(stderr, "GetExitCodeProcess failed with error {}\n", GetLastError());
         }
 
         // Vulkan is broken if the child crashed (return value is not zero)
         *has_broken_vulkan = (exit_code != 0);
 
         if (CloseHandle(process_info.hProcess) == 0) {
-            std::fprintf(stderr, "CloseHandle failed with error %lu\n", GetLastError());
+            fmt::print(stderr, "CloseHandle failed with error {}\n", GetLastError());
         }
         if (CloseHandle(process_info.hThread) == 0) {
-            std::fprintf(stderr, "CloseHandle failed with error %lu\n", GetLastError());
+            fmt::print(stderr, "CloseHandle failed with error {}\n", GetLastError());
         }
     }
 
     if (!SetEnvironmentVariableA(STARTUP_CHECK_ENV_VAR, nullptr)) {
-        std::fprintf(stderr, "SetEnvironmentVariableA failed to clear %s with error %lu\n",
-                     STARTUP_CHECK_ENV_VAR, GetLastError());
+        fmt::print(stderr, "SetEnvironmentVariableA failed to clear {} with error {}\n",
+                   STARTUP_CHECK_ENV_VAR, GetLastError());
     }
 
 #elif defined(YUZU_UNIX)
+    const int env_var_set = setenv(STARTUP_CHECK_ENV_VAR, ENV_VAR_ENABLED_TEXT, 1);
+    if (env_var_set == -1) {
+        const int err = errno;
+        fmt::print(stderr, "setenv failed to set {} with error {}\n", STARTUP_CHECK_ENV_VAR, err);
+        return false;
+    }
+
     if (perform_vulkan_check) {
-        const pid_t pid = fork();
-        if (pid == 0) {
-            CheckVulkan();
-            return true;
-        } else if (pid == -1) {
-            const int err = errno;
-            std::fprintf(stderr, "fork failed with error %d\n", err);
+        const pid_t pid = SpawnChild(arg0);
+        if (pid == -1) {
             return false;
         }
 
         // Get exit code from child process
         int status;
-        const int r_val = wait(&status);
+        const int r_val = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
         if (r_val == -1) {
             const int err = errno;
-            std::fprintf(stderr, "wait failed with error %d\n", err);
+            fmt::print(stderr, "wait failed with error {}\n", err);
             return false;
         }
         // Vulkan is broken if the child crashed (return value is not zero)
         *has_broken_vulkan = (status != 0);
     }
+
+    const int env_var_cleared = unsetenv(STARTUP_CHECK_ENV_VAR);
+    if (env_var_cleared == -1) {
+        const int err = errno;
+        fmt::print(stderr, "unsetenv failed to clear {} with error {}\n", STARTUP_CHECK_ENV_VAR,
+                   err);
+    }
 #endif
     return false;
 }
@@ -150,10 +169,29 @@ bool SpawnChild(const char* arg0, PROCESS_INFORMATION* pi, int flags) {
                                                 pi             // lpProcessInformation
     );
     if (!process_created) {
-        std::fprintf(stderr, "CreateProcessA failed with error %lu\n", GetLastError());
+        fmt::print(stderr, "CreateProcessA failed with error {}\n", GetLastError());
         return false;
     }
 
     return true;
 }
+#elif defined(YUZU_UNIX)
+pid_t SpawnChild(const char* arg0) {
+    const pid_t pid = fork();
+
+    if (pid == -1) {
+        // error
+        const int err = errno;
+        fmt::print(stderr, "fork failed with error {}\n", err);
+        return pid;
+    } else if (pid == 0) {
+        // child
+        execl(arg0, arg0, nullptr);
+        const int err = errno;
+        fmt::print(stderr, "execl failed with error {}\n", err);
+        _exit(0);
+    }
+
+    return pid;
+}
 #endif
diff --git a/src/yuzu/startup_checks.h b/src/yuzu/startup_checks.h
index d8e563be6..2f86fb843 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/startup_checks.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/startup_checks.h
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #include <windows.h>
+#elif defined(YUZU_UNIX)
+#include <sys/types.h>
 #endif
 
 constexpr char IS_CHILD_ENV_VAR[] = "YUZU_IS_CHILD";
@@ -17,4 +19,6 @@ bool StartupChecks(const char* arg0, bool* has_broken_vulkan, bool perform_vulka
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 bool SpawnChild(const char* arg0, PROCESS_INFORMATION* pi, int flags);
+#elif defined(YUZU_UNIX)
+pid_t SpawnChild(const char* arg0);
 #endif