115 files changed, 1706 insertions, 831 deletions

diff --git a/src/audio_core/CMakeLists.txt b/src/audio_core/CMakeLists.txt
index 81121167d..ec71524a3 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/audio_core/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 add_library(audio_core STATIC
     audio_out.cpp
     audio_out.h
+    audio_renderer.cpp
+    audio_renderer.h
     buffer.h
-    cubeb_sink.cpp
-    cubeb_sink.h
+    codec.cpp
+    codec.h
     null_sink.h
     stream.cpp
     stream.h
@@ -11,6 +13,8 @@ add_library(audio_core STATIC
     sink_details.cpp
     sink_details.h
     sink_stream.h
+
+    $<$<BOOL:${ENABLE_CUBEB}>:cubeb_sink.cpp cubeb_sink.h>
 )
 
 create_target_directory_groups(audio_core)
diff --git a/src/audio_core/audio_out.cpp b/src/audio_core/audio_out.cpp
index 3dfdf61f9..12632a95c 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/audio_out.cpp
+++ b/src/audio_core/audio_out.cpp
@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ static Stream::Format ChannelsToStreamFormat(u32 num_channels) {
     return {};
 }
 
-StreamPtr AudioOut::OpenStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels,
+StreamPtr AudioOut::OpenStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels, std::string&& name,
                                Stream::ReleaseCallback&& release_callback) {
     if (!sink) {
         const SinkDetails& sink_details = GetSinkDetails(Settings::values.sink_id);
         sink = sink_details.factory(Settings::values.audio_device_id);
     }
 
-    return std::make_shared<Stream>(sample_rate, ChannelsToStreamFormat(num_channels),
-                                    std::move(release_callback),
-                                    sink->AcquireSinkStream(sample_rate, num_channels));
+    return std::make_shared<Stream>(
+        sample_rate, ChannelsToStreamFormat(num_channels), std::move(release_callback),
+        sink->AcquireSinkStream(sample_rate, num_channels, name), std::move(name));
 }
 
 std::vector<Buffer::Tag> AudioOut::GetTagsAndReleaseBuffers(StreamPtr stream, size_t max_count) {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void AudioOut::StopStream(StreamPtr stream) {
     stream->Stop();
 }
 
-bool AudioOut::QueueBuffer(StreamPtr stream, Buffer::Tag tag, std::vector<u8>&& data) {
+bool AudioOut::QueueBuffer(StreamPtr stream, Buffer::Tag tag, std::vector<s16>&& data) {
     return stream->QueueBuffer(std::make_shared<Buffer>(tag, std::move(data)));
 }
 
diff --git a/src/audio_core/audio_out.h b/src/audio_core/audio_out.h
index 95e9b53fe..39b7e656b 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/audio_out.h
+++ b/src/audio_core/audio_out.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "audio_core/buffer.h"
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ namespace AudioCore {
 class AudioOut {
 public:
     /// Opens a new audio stream
-    StreamPtr OpenStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels,
+    StreamPtr OpenStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels, std::string&& name,
                          Stream::ReleaseCallback&& release_callback);
 
     /// Returns a vector of recently released buffers specified by tag for the specified stream
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ public:
     void StopStream(StreamPtr stream);
 
     /// Queues a buffer into the specified audio stream, returns true on success
-    bool QueueBuffer(StreamPtr stream, Buffer::Tag tag, std::vector<u8>&& data);
+    bool QueueBuffer(StreamPtr stream, Buffer::Tag tag, std::vector<s16>&& data);
 
 private:
     SinkPtr sink;
diff --git a/src/audio_core/audio_renderer.cpp b/src/audio_core/audio_renderer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..282f345c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/audio_core/audio_renderer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include "audio_core/audio_renderer.h"
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "core/memory.h"
+
+namespace AudioCore {
+
+constexpr u32 STREAM_SAMPLE_RATE{48000};
+constexpr u32 STREAM_NUM_CHANNELS{2};
+
+AudioRenderer::AudioRenderer(AudioRendererParameter params,
+                             Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Event> buffer_event)
+    : worker_params{params}, buffer_event{buffer_event}, voices(params.voice_count) {
+
+    audio_core = std::make_unique<AudioCore::AudioOut>();
+    stream = audio_core->OpenStream(STREAM_SAMPLE_RATE, STREAM_NUM_CHANNELS, "AudioRenderer",
+                                    [=]() { buffer_event->Signal(); });
+    audio_core->StartStream(stream);
+
+    QueueMixedBuffer(0);
+    QueueMixedBuffer(1);
+    QueueMixedBuffer(2);
+}
+
+std::vector<u8> AudioRenderer::UpdateAudioRenderer(const std::vector<u8>& input_params) {
+    // Copy UpdateDataHeader struct
+    UpdateDataHeader config{};
+    std::memcpy(&config, input_params.data(), sizeof(UpdateDataHeader));
+    u32 memory_pool_count = worker_params.effect_count + (worker_params.voice_count * 4);
+
+    // Copy MemoryPoolInfo structs
+    std::vector<MemoryPoolInfo> mem_pool_info(memory_pool_count);
+    std::memcpy(mem_pool_info.data(),
+                input_params.data() + sizeof(UpdateDataHeader) + config.behavior_size,
+                memory_pool_count * sizeof(MemoryPoolInfo));
+
+    // Copy VoiceInfo structs
+    size_t offset{sizeof(UpdateDataHeader) + config.behavior_size + config.memory_pools_size +
+                  config.voice_resource_size};
+    for (auto& voice : voices) {
+        std::memcpy(&voice.Info(), input_params.data() + offset, sizeof(VoiceInfo));
+        offset += sizeof(VoiceInfo);
+    }
+
+    // Update voices
+    for (auto& voice : voices) {
+        voice.UpdateState();
+        if (!voice.GetInfo().is_in_use) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (voice.GetInfo().is_new) {
+            voice.SetWaveIndex(voice.GetInfo().wave_buffer_head);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Update memory pool state
+    std::vector<MemoryPoolEntry> memory_pool(memory_pool_count);
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < memory_pool.size(); ++index) {
+        if (mem_pool_info[index].pool_state == MemoryPoolStates::RequestAttach) {
+            memory_pool[index].state = MemoryPoolStates::Attached;
+        } else if (mem_pool_info[index].pool_state == MemoryPoolStates::RequestDetach) {
+            memory_pool[index].state = MemoryPoolStates::Detached;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Release previous buffers and queue next ones for playback
+    ReleaseAndQueueBuffers();
+
+    // Copy output header
+    UpdateDataHeader response_data{worker_params};
+    std::vector<u8> output_params(response_data.total_size);
+    std::memcpy(output_params.data(), &response_data, sizeof(UpdateDataHeader));
+
+    // Copy output memory pool entries
+    std::memcpy(output_params.data() + sizeof(UpdateDataHeader), memory_pool.data(),
+                response_data.memory_pools_size);
+
+    // Copy output voice status
+    size_t voice_out_status_offset{sizeof(UpdateDataHeader) + response_data.memory_pools_size};
+    for (const auto& voice : voices) {
+        std::memcpy(output_params.data() + voice_out_status_offset, &voice.GetOutStatus(),
+                    sizeof(VoiceOutStatus));
+        voice_out_status_offset += sizeof(VoiceOutStatus);
+    }
+
+    return output_params;
+}
+
+void AudioRenderer::VoiceState::SetWaveIndex(size_t index) {
+    wave_index = index & 3;
+    is_refresh_pending = true;
+}
+
+std::vector<s16> AudioRenderer::VoiceState::DequeueSamples(size_t sample_count) {
+    if (!IsPlaying()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    if (is_refresh_pending) {
+        RefreshBuffer();
+    }
+
+    const size_t max_size{samples.size() - offset};
+    const size_t dequeue_offset{offset};
+    size_t size{sample_count * STREAM_NUM_CHANNELS};
+    if (size > max_size) {
+        size = max_size;
+    }
+
+    out_status.played_sample_count += size / STREAM_NUM_CHANNELS;
+    offset += size;
+
+    const auto& wave_buffer{info.wave_buffer[wave_index]};
+    if (offset == samples.size()) {
+        offset = 0;
+
+        if (!wave_buffer.is_looping) {
+            SetWaveIndex(wave_index + 1);
+        }
+
+        out_status.wave_buffer_consumed++;
+
+        if (wave_buffer.end_of_stream) {
+            info.play_state = PlayState::Paused;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return {samples.begin() + dequeue_offset, samples.begin() + dequeue_offset + size};
+}
+
+void AudioRenderer::VoiceState::UpdateState() {
+    if (is_in_use && !info.is_in_use) {
+        // No longer in use, reset state
+        is_refresh_pending = true;
+        wave_index = 0;
+        offset = 0;
+        out_status = {};
+    }
+    is_in_use = info.is_in_use;
+}
+
+void AudioRenderer::VoiceState::RefreshBuffer() {
+    std::vector<s16> new_samples(info.wave_buffer[wave_index].buffer_sz / sizeof(s16));
+    Memory::ReadBlock(info.wave_buffer[wave_index].buffer_addr, new_samples.data(),
+                      info.wave_buffer[wave_index].buffer_sz);
+
+    switch (static_cast<Codec::PcmFormat>(info.sample_format)) {
+    case Codec::PcmFormat::Int16: {
+        // PCM16 is played as-is
+        break;
+    }
+    case Codec::PcmFormat::Adpcm: {
+        // Decode ADPCM to PCM16
+        Codec::ADPCM_Coeff coeffs;
+        Memory::ReadBlock(info.additional_params_addr, coeffs.data(), sizeof(Codec::ADPCM_Coeff));
+        new_samples = Codec::DecodeADPCM(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(new_samples.data()),
+                                         new_samples.size() * sizeof(s16), coeffs, adpcm_state);
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Audio, "Unimplemented sample_format={}", info.sample_format);
+        UNREACHABLE();
+        break;
+    }
+
+    switch (info.channel_count) {
+    case 1:
+        // 1 channel is upsampled to 2 channel
+        samples.resize(new_samples.size() * 2);
+        for (size_t index = 0; index < new_samples.size(); ++index) {
+            samples[index * 2] = new_samples[index];
+            samples[index * 2 + 1] = new_samples[index];
+        }
+        break;
+    case 2: {
+        // 2 channel is played as is
+        samples = std::move(new_samples);
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Audio, "Unimplemented channel_count={}", info.channel_count);
+        UNREACHABLE();
+        break;
+    }
+
+    is_refresh_pending = false;
+}
+
+static constexpr s16 ClampToS16(s32 value) {
+    return static_cast<s16>(std::clamp(value, -32768, 32767));
+}
+
+void AudioRenderer::QueueMixedBuffer(Buffer::Tag tag) {
+    constexpr size_t BUFFER_SIZE{512};
+    std::vector<s16> buffer(BUFFER_SIZE * stream->GetNumChannels());
+
+    for (auto& voice : voices) {
+        if (!voice.IsPlaying()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        size_t offset{};
+        s64 samples_remaining{BUFFER_SIZE};
+        while (samples_remaining > 0) {
+            const std::vector<s16> samples{voice.DequeueSamples(samples_remaining)};
+
+            if (samples.empty()) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            samples_remaining -= samples.size();
+
+            for (const auto& sample : samples) {
+                const s32 buffer_sample{buffer[offset]};
+                buffer[offset++] =
+                    ClampToS16(buffer_sample + static_cast<s32>(sample * voice.GetInfo().volume));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    audio_core->QueueBuffer(stream, tag, std::move(buffer));
+}
+
+void AudioRenderer::ReleaseAndQueueBuffers() {
+    const auto released_buffers{audio_core->GetTagsAndReleaseBuffers(stream, 2)};
+    for (const auto& tag : released_buffers) {
+        QueueMixedBuffer(tag);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace AudioCore
diff --git a/src/audio_core/audio_renderer.h b/src/audio_core/audio_renderer.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6950a4681
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/audio_core/audio_renderer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "audio_core/audio_out.h"
+#include "audio_core/codec.h"
+#include "audio_core/stream.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/swap.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/event.h"
+
+namespace AudioCore {
+
+enum class PlayState : u8 {
+    Started = 0,
+    Stopped = 1,
+    Paused = 2,
+};
+
+struct AudioRendererParameter {
+    u32_le sample_rate;
+    u32_le sample_count;
+    u32_le unknown_8;
+    u32_le unknown_c;
+    u32_le voice_count;
+    u32_le sink_count;
+    u32_le effect_count;
+    u32_le unknown_1c;
+    u8 unknown_20;
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(3);
+    u32_le splitter_count;
+    u32_le unknown_2c;
+    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
+    u32_le revision;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(AudioRendererParameter) == 52, "AudioRendererParameter is an invalid size");
+
+enum class MemoryPoolStates : u32 { // Should be LE
+    Invalid = 0x0,
+    Unknown = 0x1,
+    RequestDetach = 0x2,
+    Detached = 0x3,
+    RequestAttach = 0x4,
+    Attached = 0x5,
+    Released = 0x6,
+};
+
+struct MemoryPoolEntry {
+    MemoryPoolStates state;
+    u32_le unknown_4;
+    u32_le unknown_8;
+    u32_le unknown_c;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(MemoryPoolEntry) == 0x10, "MemoryPoolEntry has wrong size");
+
+struct MemoryPoolInfo {
+    u64_le pool_address;
+    u64_le pool_size;
+    MemoryPoolStates pool_state;
+    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(3); // Unknown
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(MemoryPoolInfo) == 0x20, "MemoryPoolInfo has wrong size");
+struct BiquadFilter {
+    u8 enable;
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(1);
+    std::array<s16_le, 3> numerator;
+    std::array<s16_le, 2> denominator;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(BiquadFilter) == 0xc, "BiquadFilter has wrong size");
+
+struct WaveBuffer {
+    u64_le buffer_addr;
+    u64_le buffer_sz;
+    s32_le start_sample_offset;
+    s32_le end_sample_offset;
+    u8 is_looping;
+    u8 end_of_stream;
+    u8 sent_to_server;
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(5);
+    u64 context_addr;
+    u64 context_sz;
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(8);
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(WaveBuffer) == 0x38, "WaveBuffer has wrong size");
+
+struct VoiceInfo {
+    u32_le id;
+    u32_le node_id;
+    u8 is_new;
+    u8 is_in_use;
+    PlayState play_state;
+    u8 sample_format;
+    u32_le sample_rate;
+    u32_le priority;
+    u32_le sorting_order;
+    u32_le channel_count;
+    float_le pitch;
+    float_le volume;
+    std::array<BiquadFilter, 2> biquad_filter;
+    u32_le wave_buffer_count;
+    u32_le wave_buffer_head;
+    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
+    u64_le additional_params_addr;
+    u64_le additional_params_sz;
+    u32_le mix_id;
+    u32_le splitter_info_id;
+    std::array<WaveBuffer, 4> wave_buffer;
+    std::array<u32_le, 6> voice_channel_resource_ids;
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(24);
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(VoiceInfo) == 0x170, "VoiceInfo is wrong size");
+
+struct VoiceOutStatus {
+    u64_le played_sample_count;
+    u32_le wave_buffer_consumed;
+    u32_le voice_drops_count;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(VoiceOutStatus) == 0x10, "VoiceOutStatus has wrong size");
+
+struct UpdateDataHeader {
+    UpdateDataHeader() {}
+
+    explicit UpdateDataHeader(const AudioRendererParameter& config) {
+        revision = Common::MakeMagic('R', 'E', 'V', '4'); // 5.1.0 Revision
+        behavior_size = 0xb0;
+        memory_pools_size = (config.effect_count + (config.voice_count * 4)) * 0x10;
+        voices_size = config.voice_count * 0x10;
+        voice_resource_size = 0x0;
+        effects_size = config.effect_count * 0x10;
+        mixes_size = 0x0;
+        sinks_size = config.sink_count * 0x20;
+        performance_manager_size = 0x10;
+        total_size = sizeof(UpdateDataHeader) + behavior_size + memory_pools_size + voices_size +
+                     effects_size + sinks_size + performance_manager_size;
+    }
+
+    u32_le revision;
+    u32_le behavior_size;
+    u32_le memory_pools_size;
+    u32_le voices_size;
+    u32_le voice_resource_size;
+    u32_le effects_size;
+    u32_le mixes_size;
+    u32_le sinks_size;
+    u32_le performance_manager_size;
+    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(6);
+    u32_le total_size;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(UpdateDataHeader) == 0x40, "UpdateDataHeader has wrong size");
+
+class AudioRenderer {
+public:
+    AudioRenderer(AudioRendererParameter params, Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Event> buffer_event);
+    std::vector<u8> UpdateAudioRenderer(const std::vector<u8>& input_params);
+    void QueueMixedBuffer(Buffer::Tag tag);
+    void ReleaseAndQueueBuffers();
+
+private:
+    class VoiceState {
+    public:
+        bool IsPlaying() const {
+            return is_in_use && info.play_state == PlayState::Started;
+        }
+
+        const VoiceOutStatus& GetOutStatus() const {
+            return out_status;
+        }
+
+        const VoiceInfo& GetInfo() const {
+            return info;
+        }
+
+        VoiceInfo& Info() {
+            return info;
+        }
+
+        void SetWaveIndex(size_t index);
+        std::vector<s16> DequeueSamples(size_t sample_count);
+        void UpdateState();
+        void RefreshBuffer();
+
+    private:
+        bool is_in_use{};
+        bool is_refresh_pending{};
+        size_t wave_index{};
+        size_t offset{};
+        Codec::ADPCMState adpcm_state{};
+        std::vector<s16> samples;
+        VoiceOutStatus out_status{};
+        VoiceInfo info{};
+    };
+
+    AudioRendererParameter worker_params;
+    Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Event> buffer_event;
+    std::vector<VoiceState> voices;
+    std::unique_ptr<AudioCore::AudioOut> audio_core;
+    AudioCore::StreamPtr stream;
+};
+
+} // namespace AudioCore
diff --git a/src/audio_core/buffer.h b/src/audio_core/buffer.h
index 4bf5fd58a..a323b23ec 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/buffer.h
+++ b/src/audio_core/buffer.h
@@ -18,11 +18,16 @@ class Buffer {
 public:
     using Tag = u64;
 
-    Buffer(Tag tag, std::vector<u8>&& data) : tag{tag}, data{std::move(data)} {}
+    Buffer(Tag tag, std::vector<s16>&& samples) : tag{tag}, samples{std::move(samples)} {}
 
     /// Returns the raw audio data for the buffer
-    const std::vector<u8>& GetData() const {
-        return data;
+    std::vector<s16>& Samples() {
+        return samples;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the raw audio data for the buffer
+    const std::vector<s16>& GetSamples() const {
+        return samples;
     }
 
     /// Returns the buffer tag, this is provided by the game to the audout service
@@ -32,7 +37,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
     Tag tag;
-    std::vector<u8> data;
+    std::vector<s16> samples;
 };
 
 using BufferPtr = std::shared_ptr<Buffer>;
diff --git a/src/audio_core/codec.cpp b/src/audio_core/codec.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3021403f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/audio_core/codec.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "audio_core/codec.h"
+
+namespace AudioCore::Codec {
+
+std::vector<s16> DecodeADPCM(const u8* const data, size_t size, const ADPCM_Coeff& coeff,
+                             ADPCMState& state) {
+    // GC-ADPCM with scale factor and variable coefficients.
+    // Frames are 8 bytes long containing 14 samples each.
+    // Samples are 4 bits (one nibble) long.
+
+    constexpr size_t FRAME_LEN = 8;
+    constexpr size_t SAMPLES_PER_FRAME = 14;
+    constexpr std::array<int, 16> SIGNED_NIBBLES = {
+        {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1}};
+
+    const size_t sample_count = (size / FRAME_LEN) * SAMPLES_PER_FRAME;
+    const size_t ret_size =
+        sample_count % 2 == 0 ? sample_count : sample_count + 1; // Ensure multiple of two.
+    std::vector<s16> ret(ret_size);
+
+    int yn1 = state.yn1, yn2 = state.yn2;
+
+    const size_t NUM_FRAMES =
+        (sample_count + (SAMPLES_PER_FRAME - 1)) / SAMPLES_PER_FRAME; // Round up.
+    for (size_t framei = 0; framei < NUM_FRAMES; framei++) {
+        const int frame_header = data[framei * FRAME_LEN];
+        const int scale = 1 << (frame_header & 0xF);
+        const int idx = (frame_header >> 4) & 0x7;
+
+        // Coefficients are fixed point with 11 bits fractional part.
+        const int coef1 = coeff[idx * 2 + 0];
+        const int coef2 = coeff[idx * 2 + 1];
+
+        // Decodes an audio sample. One nibble produces one sample.
+        const auto decode_sample = [&](const int nibble) -> s16 {
+            const int xn = nibble * scale;
+            // We first transform everything into 11 bit fixed point, perform the second order
+            // digital filter, then transform back.
+            // 0x400 == 0.5 in 11 bit fixed point.
+            // Filter: y[n] = x[n] + 0.5 + c1 * y[n-1] + c2 * y[n-2]
+            int val = ((xn << 11) + 0x400 + coef1 * yn1 + coef2 * yn2) >> 11;
+            // Clamp to output range.
+            val = std::clamp<s32>(val, -32768, 32767);
+            // Advance output feedback.
+            yn2 = yn1;
+            yn1 = val;
+            return static_cast<s16>(val);
+        };
+
+        size_t outputi = framei * SAMPLES_PER_FRAME;
+        size_t datai = framei * FRAME_LEN + 1;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < SAMPLES_PER_FRAME && outputi < sample_count; i += 2) {
+            const s16 sample1 = decode_sample(SIGNED_NIBBLES[data[datai] >> 4]);
+            ret[outputi] = sample1;
+            outputi++;
+
+            const s16 sample2 = decode_sample(SIGNED_NIBBLES[data[datai] & 0xF]);
+            ret[outputi] = sample2;
+            outputi++;
+
+            datai++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    state.yn1 = yn1;
+    state.yn2 = yn2;
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+} // namespace AudioCore::Codec
diff --git a/src/audio_core/codec.h b/src/audio_core/codec.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f845c42c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/audio_core/codec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace AudioCore::Codec {
+
+enum class PcmFormat : u32 {
+    Invalid = 0,
+    Int8 = 1,
+    Int16 = 2,
+    Int24 = 3,
+    Int32 = 4,
+    PcmFloat = 5,
+    Adpcm = 6,
+};
+
+/// See: Codec::DecodeADPCM
+struct ADPCMState {
+    // Two historical samples from previous processed buffer,
+    // required for ADPCM decoding
+    s16 yn1; ///< y[n-1]
+    s16 yn2; ///< y[n-2]
+};
+
+using ADPCM_Coeff = std::array<s16, 16>;
+
+/**
+ * @param data Pointer to buffer that contains ADPCM data to decode
+ * @param size Size of buffer in bytes
+ * @param coeff ADPCM coefficients
+ * @param state ADPCM state, this is updated with new state
+ * @return Decoded stereo signed PCM16 data, sample_count in length
+ */
+std::vector<s16> DecodeADPCM(const u8* const data, size_t size, const ADPCM_Coeff& coeff,
+                             ADPCMState& state);
+
+}; // namespace AudioCore::Codec
diff --git a/src/audio_core/cubeb_sink.cpp b/src/audio_core/cubeb_sink.cpp
index 34ae5b062..1501ef1f4 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/cubeb_sink.cpp
+++ b/src/audio_core/cubeb_sink.cpp
@@ -13,20 +13,30 @@ namespace AudioCore {
 
 class SinkStreamImpl final : public SinkStream {
 public:
-    SinkStreamImpl(cubeb* ctx, cubeb_devid output_device) : ctx{ctx} {
-        cubeb_stream_params params;
-        params.rate = 48000;
-        params.channels = GetNumChannels();
+    SinkStreamImpl(cubeb* ctx, u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels_, cubeb_devid output_device,
+                   const std::string& name)
+        : ctx{ctx}, num_channels{num_channels_} {
+
+        if (num_channels == 6) {
+            // 6-channel audio does not seem to work with cubeb + SDL, so we downsample this to 2
+            // channel for now
+            is_6_channel = true;
+            num_channels = 2;
+        }
+
+        cubeb_stream_params params{};
+        params.rate = sample_rate;
+        params.channels = num_channels;
         params.format = CUBEB_SAMPLE_S16NE;
-        params.layout = CUBEB_LAYOUT_STEREO;
+        params.layout = num_channels == 1 ? CUBEB_LAYOUT_MONO : CUBEB_LAYOUT_STEREO;
 
-        u32 minimum_latency = 0;
+        u32 minimum_latency{};
         if (cubeb_get_min_latency(ctx, &params, &minimum_latency) != CUBEB_OK) {
             LOG_CRITICAL(Audio_Sink, "Error getting minimum latency");
         }
 
-        if (cubeb_stream_init(ctx, &stream_backend, "yuzu Audio Output", nullptr, nullptr,
-                              output_device, &params, std::max(512u, minimum_latency),
+        if (cubeb_stream_init(ctx, &stream_backend, name.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, output_device,
+                              &params, std::max(512u, minimum_latency),
                               &SinkStreamImpl::DataCallback, &SinkStreamImpl::StateCallback,
                               this) != CUBEB_OK) {
             LOG_CRITICAL(Audio_Sink, "Error initializing cubeb stream");
@@ -51,33 +61,29 @@ public:
         cubeb_stream_destroy(stream_backend);
     }
 
-    void EnqueueSamples(u32 num_channels, const s16* samples, size_t sample_count) override {
+    void EnqueueSamples(u32 num_channels, const std::vector<s16>& samples) override {
         if (!ctx) {
             return;
         }
 
-        queue.reserve(queue.size() + sample_count * GetNumChannels());
+        queue.reserve(queue.size() + samples.size() * GetNumChannels());
 
-        if (num_channels == 2) {
-            // Copy as-is
-            std::copy(samples, samples + sample_count * GetNumChannels(),
-                      std::back_inserter(queue));
-        } else if (num_channels == 6) {
+        if (is_6_channel) {
             // Downsample 6 channels to 2
-            const size_t sample_count_copy_size = sample_count * num_channels * 2;
+            const size_t sample_count_copy_size = samples.size() * 2;
             queue.reserve(sample_count_copy_size);
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < sample_count * num_channels; i += num_channels) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < samples.size(); i += num_channels) {
                 queue.push_back(samples[i]);
                 queue.push_back(samples[i + 1]);
             }
         } else {
-            ASSERT_MSG(false, "Unimplemented");
+            // Copy as-is
+            std::copy(samples.begin(), samples.end(), std::back_inserter(queue));
         }
     }
 
     u32 GetNumChannels() const {
-        // Only support 2-channel stereo output for now
-        return 2;
+        return num_channels;
     }
 
 private:
@@ -85,6 +91,8 @@ private:
 
     cubeb* ctx{};
     cubeb_stream* stream_backend{};
+    u32 num_channels{};
+    bool is_6_channel{};
 
     std::vector<s16> queue;
 
@@ -129,8 +137,10 @@ CubebSink::~CubebSink() {
     cubeb_destroy(ctx);
 }
 
-SinkStream& CubebSink::AcquireSinkStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels) {
-    sink_streams.push_back(std::make_unique<SinkStreamImpl>(ctx, output_device));
+SinkStream& CubebSink::AcquireSinkStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels,
+                                         const std::string& name) {
+    sink_streams.push_back(
+        std::make_unique<SinkStreamImpl>(ctx, sample_rate, num_channels, output_device, name));
     return *sink_streams.back();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/audio_core/cubeb_sink.h b/src/audio_core/cubeb_sink.h
index d07113f1f..59cbf05e9 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/cubeb_sink.h
+++ b/src/audio_core/cubeb_sink.h
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ public:
     explicit CubebSink(std::string device_id);
     ~CubebSink() override;
 
-    SinkStream& AcquireSinkStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels) override;
+    SinkStream& AcquireSinkStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels,
+                                  const std::string& name) override;
 
 private:
     cubeb* ctx{};
diff --git a/src/audio_core/null_sink.h b/src/audio_core/null_sink.h
index 2e04438f7..f235d93e5 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/null_sink.h
+++ b/src/audio_core/null_sink.h
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ public:
     explicit NullSink(std::string){};
     ~NullSink() override = default;
 
-    SinkStream& AcquireSinkStream(u32 /*sample_rate*/, u32 /*num_channels*/) override {
+    SinkStream& AcquireSinkStream(u32 /*sample_rate*/, u32 /*num_channels*/,
+                                  const std::string& /*name*/) override {
         return null_sink_stream;
     }
 
 private:
     struct NullSinkStreamImpl final : SinkStream {
-        void EnqueueSamples(u32 /*num_channels*/, const s16* /*samples*/,
-                            size_t /*sample_count*/) override {}
+        void EnqueueSamples(u32 /*num_channels*/, const std::vector<s16>& /*samples*/) override {}
     } null_sink_stream;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/audio_core/sink.h b/src/audio_core/sink.h
index d1bb98c3d..95c7b2b6e 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/sink.h
+++ b/src/audio_core/sink.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <string>
 
 #include "audio_core/sink_stream.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
@@ -21,7 +22,8 @@ constexpr char auto_device_name[] = "auto";
 class Sink {
 public:
     virtual ~Sink() = default;
-    virtual SinkStream& AcquireSinkStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels) = 0;
+    virtual SinkStream& AcquireSinkStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels,
+                                          const std::string& name) = 0;
 };
 
 using SinkPtr = std::unique_ptr<Sink>;
diff --git a/src/audio_core/sink_stream.h b/src/audio_core/sink_stream.h
index e7a3f01b0..41b6736d8 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/sink_stream.h
+++ b/src/audio_core/sink_stream.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 
@@ -22,9 +23,8 @@ public:
      * Feed stereo samples to sink.
      * @param num_channels Number of channels used.
      * @param samples Samples in interleaved stereo PCM16 format.
-     * @param sample_count Number of samples.
      */
-    virtual void EnqueueSamples(u32 num_channels, const s16* samples, size_t sample_count) = 0;
+    virtual void EnqueueSamples(u32 num_channels, const std::vector<s16>& samples) = 0;
 };
 
 using SinkStreamPtr = std::unique_ptr<SinkStream>;
diff --git a/src/audio_core/stream.cpp b/src/audio_core/stream.cpp
index a0045b7a1..ad9e2915c 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/stream.cpp
+++ b/src/audio_core/stream.cpp
@@ -32,17 +32,13 @@ u32 Stream::GetNumChannels() const {
     return {};
 }
 
-u32 Stream::GetSampleSize() const {
-    return GetNumChannels() * 2;
-}
-
 Stream::Stream(u32 sample_rate, Format format, ReleaseCallback&& release_callback,
-               SinkStream& sink_stream)
+               SinkStream& sink_stream, std::string&& name_)
     : sample_rate{sample_rate}, format{format}, release_callback{std::move(release_callback)},
-      sink_stream{sink_stream} {
+      sink_stream{sink_stream}, name{std::move(name_)} {
 
     release_event = CoreTiming::RegisterEvent(
-        "Stream::Release", [this](u64 userdata, int cycles_late) { ReleaseActiveBuffer(); });
+        name, [this](u64 userdata, int cycles_late) { ReleaseActiveBuffer(); });
 }
 
 void Stream::Play() {
@@ -55,17 +51,15 @@ void Stream::Stop() {
 }
 
 s64 Stream::GetBufferReleaseCycles(const Buffer& buffer) const {
-    const size_t num_samples{buffer.GetData().size() / GetSampleSize()};
+    const size_t num_samples{buffer.GetSamples().size() / GetNumChannels()};
     return CoreTiming::usToCycles((static_cast<u64>(num_samples) * 1000000) / sample_rate);
 }
 
-static std::vector<s16> GetVolumeAdjustedSamples(const std::vector<u8>& data) {
-    std::vector<s16> samples(data.size() / sizeof(s16));
-    std::memcpy(samples.data(), data.data(), data.size());
+static void VolumeAdjustSamples(std::vector<s16>& samples) {
     const float volume{std::clamp(Settings::values.volume, 0.0f, 1.0f)};
 
     if (volume == 1.0f) {
-        return samples;
+        return;
     }
 
     // Implementation of a volume slider with a dynamic range of 60 dB
@@ -73,8 +67,6 @@ static std::vector<s16> GetVolumeAdjustedSamples(const std::vector<u8>& data) {
     for (auto& sample : samples) {
         sample = static_cast<s16>(sample * volume_scale_factor);
     }
-
-    return samples;
 }
 
 void Stream::PlayNextBuffer() {
@@ -96,14 +88,14 @@ void Stream::PlayNextBuffer() {
     active_buffer = queued_buffers.front();
     queued_buffers.pop();
 
-    const size_t sample_count{active_buffer->GetData().size() / GetSampleSize()};
-    sink_stream.EnqueueSamples(
-        GetNumChannels(), GetVolumeAdjustedSamples(active_buffer->GetData()).data(), sample_count);
+    VolumeAdjustSamples(active_buffer->Samples());
+    sink_stream.EnqueueSamples(GetNumChannels(), active_buffer->GetSamples());
 
     CoreTiming::ScheduleEventThreadsafe(GetBufferReleaseCycles(*active_buffer), release_event, {});
 }
 
 void Stream::ReleaseActiveBuffer() {
+    ASSERT(active_buffer);
     released_buffers.push(std::move(active_buffer));
     release_callback();
     PlayNextBuffer();
diff --git a/src/audio_core/stream.h b/src/audio_core/stream.h
index 35253920e..049b92ca9 100644
--- a/src/audio_core/stream.h
+++ b/src/audio_core/stream.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
+#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include <queue>
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ public:
     using ReleaseCallback = std::function<void()>;
 
     Stream(u32 sample_rate, Format format, ReleaseCallback&& release_callback,
-           SinkStream& sink_stream);
+           SinkStream& sink_stream, std::string&& name_);
 
     /// Plays the audio stream
     void Play();
@@ -68,9 +69,6 @@ public:
     /// Gets the number of channels
     u32 GetNumChannels() const;
 
-    /// Gets the sample size in bytes
-    u32 GetSampleSize() const;
-
 private:
     /// Current state of the stream
     enum class State {
@@ -96,6 +94,7 @@ private:
     std::queue<BufferPtr> queued_buffers;   ///< Buffers queued to be played in the stream
     std::queue<BufferPtr> released_buffers; ///< Buffers recently released from the stream
     SinkStream& sink_stream;                ///< Output sink for the stream
+    std::string name;                       ///< Name of the stream, must be unique
 };
 
 using StreamPtr = std::shared_ptr<Stream>;
diff --git a/src/common/logging/backend.cpp b/src/common/logging/backend.cpp
index 34dec06fe..355abd682 100644
--- a/src/common/logging/backend.cpp
+++ b/src/common/logging/backend.cpp
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ void FileBackend::Write(const Entry& entry) {
     SUB(Service, AM)                                                                               \
     SUB(Service, AOC)                                                                              \
     SUB(Service, APM)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, ARP)                                                                              \
     SUB(Service, BCAT)                                                                             \
     SUB(Service, BPC)                                                                              \
     SUB(Service, BTM)                                                                              \
@@ -199,6 +200,7 @@ void FileBackend::Write(const Entry& entry) {
     SUB(Service, SPL)                                                                              \
     SUB(Service, SSL)                                                                              \
     SUB(Service, Time)                                                                             \
+    SUB(Service, USB)                                                                              \
     SUB(Service, VI)                                                                               \
     SUB(Service, WLAN)                                                                             \
     CLS(HW)                                                                                        \
diff --git a/src/common/logging/log.h b/src/common/logging/log.h
index dd5c9e6be..a889ebefa 100644
--- a/src/common/logging/log.h
+++ b/src/common/logging/log.h
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ enum class Class : ClassType {
     Service_AM,        ///< The AM (Applet manager) service
     Service_AOC,       ///< The AOC (AddOn Content) service
     Service_APM,       ///< The APM (Performance) service
+    Service_ARP,       ///< The ARP service
     Service_Audio,     ///< The Audio (Audio control) service
     Service_BCAT,      ///< The BCAT service
     Service_BPC,       ///< The BPC service
@@ -86,6 +87,7 @@ enum class Class : ClassType {
     Service_SPL,       ///< The SPL service
     Service_SSL,       ///< The SSL service
     Service_Time,      ///< The time service
+    Service_USB,       ///< The USB (Universal Serial Bus) service
     Service_VI,        ///< The VI (Video interface) service
     Service_WLAN,      ///< The WLAN (Wireless local area network) service
     HW,                ///< Low-level hardware emulation
diff --git a/src/core/CMakeLists.txt b/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
index 28de22398..0abf7edc1 100644
--- a/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -134,6 +134,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     hle/service/apm/apm.h
     hle/service/apm/interface.cpp
     hle/service/apm/interface.h
+    hle/service/arp/arp.cpp
+    hle/service/arp/arp.h
     hle/service/audio/audctl.cpp
     hle/service/audio/audctl.h
     hle/service/audio/auddbg.cpp
@@ -313,6 +315,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     hle/service/time/interface.h
     hle/service/time/time.cpp
     hle/service/time/time.h
+    hle/service/usb/usb.cpp
+    hle/service/usb/usb.h
     hle/service/vi/vi.cpp
     hle/service/vi/vi.h
     hle/service/vi/vi_m.cpp
diff --git a/src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.cpp b/src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.cpp
index 4c11f35a4..6bc349460 100644
--- a/src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.cpp
+++ b/src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.cpp
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ void ARM_Unicorn::ExecuteInstructions(int num_instructions) {
         }
         Kernel::Thread* thread = Kernel::GetCurrentThread();
         SaveContext(thread->context);
-        if (last_bkpt_hit || (num_instructions == 1)) {
+        if (last_bkpt_hit || GDBStub::GetCpuStepFlag()) {
             last_bkpt_hit = false;
             GDBStub::Break();
             GDBStub::SendTrap(thread, 5);
diff --git a/src/core/core.cpp b/src/core/core.cpp
index e51e66550..085ba68d0 100644
--- a/src/core/core.cpp
+++ b/src/core/core.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "core/loader/loader.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
 #include "file_sys/vfs_real.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_base.h"
 #include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
 namespace Core {
@@ -61,7 +62,6 @@ System::ResultStatus System::RunLoop(bool tight_loop) {
         // execute. Otherwise, get out of the loop function.
         if (GDBStub::GetCpuHaltFlag()) {
             if (GDBStub::GetCpuStepFlag()) {
-                GDBStub::SetCpuStepFlag(false);
                 tight_loop = false;
             } else {
                 return ResultStatus::Success;
@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@ System::ResultStatus System::RunLoop(bool tight_loop) {
         }
     }
 
+    if (GDBStub::IsServerEnabled()) {
+        GDBStub::SetCpuStepFlag(false);
+    }
+
     return status;
 }
 
@@ -178,7 +182,6 @@ System::ResultStatus System::Init(EmuWindow& emu_window) {
         cpu_cores[index] = std::make_shared<Cpu>(cpu_exclusive_monitor, cpu_barrier, index);
     }
 
-    gpu_core = std::make_unique<Tegra::GPU>();
     telemetry_session = std::make_unique<Core::TelemetrySession>();
     service_manager = std::make_shared<Service::SM::ServiceManager>();
 
@@ -186,10 +189,13 @@ System::ResultStatus System::Init(EmuWindow& emu_window) {
     Service::Init(service_manager);
     GDBStub::Init();
 
-    if (!VideoCore::Init(emu_window)) {
+    renderer = VideoCore::CreateRenderer(emu_window);
+    if (!renderer->Init()) {
         return ResultStatus::ErrorVideoCore;
     }
 
+    gpu_core = std::make_unique<Tegra::GPU>(renderer->Rasterizer());
+
     // Create threads for CPU cores 1-3, and build thread_to_cpu map
     // CPU core 0 is run on the main thread
     thread_to_cpu[std::this_thread::get_id()] = cpu_cores[0];
@@ -221,7 +227,7 @@ void System::Shutdown() {
                          perf_results.frametime * 1000.0);
 
     // Shutdown emulation session
-    VideoCore::Shutdown();
+    renderer.reset();
     GDBStub::Shutdown();
     Service::Shutdown();
     Kernel::Shutdown();
diff --git a/src/core/core.h b/src/core/core.h
index 4c9967559..c8ca4b247 100644
--- a/src/core/core.h
+++ b/src/core/core.h
@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ namespace Service::SM {
 class ServiceManager;
 }
 
+namespace VideoCore {
+class RendererBase;
+}
+
 namespace Core {
 
 class System {
@@ -78,6 +82,17 @@ public:
      */
     ResultStatus SingleStep();
 
+    /**
+     * Invalidate the CPU instruction caches
+     * This function should only be used by GDB Stub to support breakpoints, memory updates and
+     * step/continue commands.
+     */
+    void InvalidateCpuInstructionCaches() {
+        for (auto& cpu : cpu_cores) {
+            cpu->ArmInterface().ClearInstructionCache();
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Shutdown the emulated system.
     void Shutdown();
 
@@ -129,11 +144,26 @@ public:
     /// Gets a CPU interface to the CPU core with the specified index
     Cpu& CpuCore(size_t core_index);
 
-    /// Gets the GPU interface
+    /// Gets a mutable reference to the GPU interface
     Tegra::GPU& GPU() {
         return *gpu_core;
     }
 
+    /// Gets an immutable reference to the GPU interface.
+    const Tegra::GPU& GPU() const {
+        return *gpu_core;
+    }
+
+    /// Gets a mutable reference to the renderer.
+    VideoCore::RendererBase& Renderer() {
+        return *renderer;
+    }
+
+    /// Gets an immutable reference to the renderer.
+    const VideoCore::RendererBase& Renderer() const {
+        return *renderer;
+    }
+
     /// Gets the scheduler for the CPU core that is currently running
     Kernel::Scheduler& CurrentScheduler() {
         return *CurrentCpuCore().Scheduler();
@@ -197,6 +227,7 @@ private:
 
     /// AppLoader used to load the current executing application
     std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader> app_loader;
+    std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> renderer;
     std::unique_ptr<Tegra::GPU> gpu_core;
     std::shared_ptr<Tegra::DebugContext> debug_context;
     Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Process> current_process;
diff --git a/src/core/core_timing.cpp b/src/core/core_timing.cpp
index a1b6f96f1..d3bb6f818 100644
--- a/src/core/core_timing.cpp
+++ b/src/core/core_timing.cpp
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ void ScheduleEvent(s64 cycles_into_future, const EventType* event_type, u64 user
         ForceExceptionCheck(cycles_into_future);
 
     event_queue.emplace_back(Event{timeout, event_fifo_id++, userdata, event_type});
-    std::push_heap(event_queue.begin(), event_queue.end(), std::greater<Event>());
+    std::push_heap(event_queue.begin(), event_queue.end(), std::greater<>());
 }
 
 void ScheduleEventThreadsafe(s64 cycles_into_future, const EventType* event_type, u64 userdata) {
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ void UnscheduleEvent(const EventType* event_type, u64 userdata) {
     // Removing random items breaks the invariant so we have to re-establish it.
     if (itr != event_queue.end()) {
         event_queue.erase(itr, event_queue.end());
-        std::make_heap(event_queue.begin(), event_queue.end(), std::greater<Event>());
+        std::make_heap(event_queue.begin(), event_queue.end(), std::greater<>());
     }
 }
 
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ void RemoveEvent(const EventType* event_type) {
     // Removing random items breaks the invariant so we have to re-establish it.
     if (itr != event_queue.end()) {
         event_queue.erase(itr, event_queue.end());
-        std::make_heap(event_queue.begin(), event_queue.end(), std::greater<Event>());
+        std::make_heap(event_queue.begin(), event_queue.end(), std::greater<>());
     }
 }
 
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ void MoveEvents() {
     for (Event ev; ts_queue.Pop(ev);) {
         ev.fifo_order = event_fifo_id++;
         event_queue.emplace_back(std::move(ev));
-        std::push_heap(event_queue.begin(), event_queue.end(), std::greater<Event>());
+        std::push_heap(event_queue.begin(), event_queue.end(), std::greater<>());
     }
 }
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ void Advance() {
 
     while (!event_queue.empty() && event_queue.front().time <= global_timer) {
         Event evt = std::move(event_queue.front());
-        std::pop_heap(event_queue.begin(), event_queue.end(), std::greater<Event>());
+        std::pop_heap(event_queue.begin(), event_queue.end(), std::greater<>());
         event_queue.pop_back();
         evt.type->callback(evt.userdata, static_cast<int>(global_timer - evt.time));
     }
@@ -226,8 +226,8 @@ void Idle() {
     downcount = 0;
 }
 
-u64 GetGlobalTimeUs() {
-    return GetTicks() * 1000000 / BASE_CLOCK_RATE;
+std::chrono::microseconds GetGlobalTimeUs() {
+    return std::chrono::microseconds{GetTicks() * 1000000 / BASE_CLOCK_RATE};
 }
 
 int GetDowncount() {
diff --git a/src/core/core_timing.h b/src/core/core_timing.h
index 7fe6380ad..dfa161c0d 100644
--- a/src/core/core_timing.h
+++ b/src/core/core_timing.h
@@ -17,12 +17,17 @@
  *   ScheduleEvent(periodInCycles - cyclesLate, callback, "whatever")
  */
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <functional>
 #include <string>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 
 namespace CoreTiming {
 
+struct EventType;
+
+using TimedCallback = std::function<void(u64 userdata, int cycles_late)>;
+
 /**
  * CoreTiming begins at the boundary of timing slice -1. An initial call to Advance() is
  * required to end slice -1 and start slice 0 before the first cycle of code is executed.
@@ -30,8 +35,6 @@ namespace CoreTiming {
 void Init();
 void Shutdown();
 
-typedef std::function<void(u64 userdata, int cycles_late)> TimedCallback;
-
 /**
  * This should only be called from the emu thread, if you are calling it any other thread, you are
  * doing something evil
@@ -40,8 +43,6 @@ u64 GetTicks();
 u64 GetIdleTicks();
 void AddTicks(u64 ticks);
 
-struct EventType;
-
 /**
  * Returns the event_type identifier. if name is not unique, it will assert.
  */
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ void ClearPendingEvents();
 
 void ForceExceptionCheck(s64 cycles);
 
-u64 GetGlobalTimeUs();
+std::chrono::microseconds GetGlobalTimeUs();
 
 int GetDowncount();
 
diff --git a/src/core/crypto/aes_util.cpp b/src/core/crypto/aes_util.cpp
index 4690af5f8..a9876c83e 100644
--- a/src/core/crypto/aes_util.cpp
+++ b/src/core/crypto/aes_util.cpp
@@ -3,10 +3,22 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include <mbedtls/cipher.h>
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/crypto/aes_util.h"
 #include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
 
 namespace Core::Crypto {
+namespace {
+std::vector<u8> CalculateNintendoTweak(size_t sector_id) {
+    std::vector<u8> out(0x10);
+    for (size_t i = 0xF; i <= 0xF; --i) {
+        out[i] = sector_id & 0xFF;
+        sector_id >>= 8;
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+} // Anonymous namespace
 
 static_assert(static_cast<size_t>(Mode::CTR) == static_cast<size_t>(MBEDTLS_CIPHER_AES_128_CTR),
               "CTR has incorrect value.");
@@ -56,27 +68,28 @@ void AESCipher<Key, KeySize>::SetIV(std::vector<u8> iv) {
 }
 
 template <typename Key, size_t KeySize>
-void AESCipher<Key, KeySize>::Transcode(const u8* src, size_t size, u8* dest, Op op) {
-    size_t written = 0;
-
-    const auto context = op == Op::Encrypt ? &ctx->encryption_context : &ctx->decryption_context;
+void AESCipher<Key, KeySize>::Transcode(const u8* src, size_t size, u8* dest, Op op) const {
+    auto* const context = op == Op::Encrypt ? &ctx->encryption_context : &ctx->decryption_context;
 
     mbedtls_cipher_reset(context);
 
+    size_t written = 0;
     if (mbedtls_cipher_get_cipher_mode(context) == MBEDTLS_MODE_XTS) {
         mbedtls_cipher_update(context, src, size, dest, &written);
-        if (written != size)
+        if (written != size) {
             LOG_WARNING(Crypto, "Not all data was decrypted requested={:016X}, actual={:016X}.",
                         size, written);
+        }
     } else {
         const auto block_size = mbedtls_cipher_get_block_size(context);
 
         for (size_t offset = 0; offset < size; offset += block_size) {
             auto length = std::min<size_t>(block_size, size - offset);
             mbedtls_cipher_update(context, src + offset, length, dest + offset, &written);
-            if (written != length)
+            if (written != length) {
                 LOG_WARNING(Crypto, "Not all data was decrypted requested={:016X}, actual={:016X}.",
                             length, written);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -97,16 +110,6 @@ void AESCipher<Key, KeySize>::XTSTranscode(const u8* src, size_t size, u8* dest,
     }
 }
 
-template <typename Key, size_t KeySize>
-std::vector<u8> AESCipher<Key, KeySize>::CalculateNintendoTweak(size_t sector_id) {
-    std::vector<u8> out(0x10);
-    for (size_t i = 0xF; i <= 0xF; --i) {
-        out[i] = sector_id & 0xFF;
-        sector_id >>= 8;
-    }
-    return out;
-}
-
 template class AESCipher<Key128>;
 template class AESCipher<Key256>;
 } // namespace Core::Crypto
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/core/crypto/aes_util.h b/src/core/crypto/aes_util.h
index 5b0b02738..8ce9d6612 100644
--- a/src/core/crypto/aes_util.h
+++ b/src/core/crypto/aes_util.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
-#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
 
 namespace Core::Crypto {
@@ -38,15 +38,19 @@ public:
     void SetIV(std::vector<u8> iv);
 
     template <typename Source, typename Dest>
-    void Transcode(const Source* src, size_t size, Dest* dest, Op op) {
+    void Transcode(const Source* src, size_t size, Dest* dest, Op op) const {
+        static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Source> && std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Dest>,
+                      "Transcode source and destination types must be trivially copyable.");
         Transcode(reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(src), size, reinterpret_cast<u8*>(dest), op);
     }
 
-    void Transcode(const u8* src, size_t size, u8* dest, Op op);
+    void Transcode(const u8* src, size_t size, u8* dest, Op op) const;
 
     template <typename Source, typename Dest>
     void XTSTranscode(const Source* src, size_t size, Dest* dest, size_t sector_id,
                       size_t sector_size, Op op) {
+        static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Source> && std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Dest>,
+                      "XTSTranscode source and destination types must be trivially copyable.");
         XTSTranscode(reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(src), size, reinterpret_cast<u8*>(dest), sector_id,
                      sector_size, op);
     }
@@ -56,7 +60,5 @@ public:
 
 private:
     std::unique_ptr<CipherContext> ctx;
-
-    static std::vector<u8> CalculateNintendoTweak(size_t sector_id);
 };
 } // namespace Core::Crypto
diff --git a/src/core/crypto/encryption_layer.h b/src/core/crypto/encryption_layer.h
index 71bca1f23..7f05af9b4 100644
--- a/src/core/crypto/encryption_layer.h
+++ b/src/core/crypto/encryption_layer.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
 
 namespace Core::Crypto {
diff --git a/src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp b/src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp
index 678ac5752..fc45e7ab5 100644
--- a/src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp
@@ -2,19 +2,16 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <locale>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string_view>
-#include <mbedtls/sha256.h>
-#include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/common_paths.h"
 #include "common/file_util.h"
-#include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
-#include "key_manager.h"
 
 namespace Core::Crypto {
 
@@ -66,8 +63,7 @@ KeyManager::KeyManager() {
     AttemptLoadKeyFile(yuzu_keys_dir, hactool_keys_dir, "title.keys", true);
 }
 
-void KeyManager::LoadFromFile(std::string_view filename_, bool is_title_keys) {
-    const auto filename = std::string(filename_);
+void KeyManager::LoadFromFile(const std::string& filename, bool is_title_keys) {
     std::ifstream file(filename);
     if (!file.is_open())
         return;
@@ -107,11 +103,8 @@ void KeyManager::LoadFromFile(std::string_view filename_, bool is_title_keys) {
     }
 }
 
-void KeyManager::AttemptLoadKeyFile(std::string_view dir1_, std::string_view dir2_,
-                                    std::string_view filename_, bool title) {
-    const std::string dir1(dir1_);
-    const std::string dir2(dir2_);
-    const std::string filename(filename_);
+void KeyManager::AttemptLoadKeyFile(const std::string& dir1, const std::string& dir2,
+                                    const std::string& filename, bool title) {
     if (FileUtil::Exists(dir1 + DIR_SEP + filename))
         LoadFromFile(dir1 + DIR_SEP + filename, title);
     else if (FileUtil::Exists(dir2 + DIR_SEP + filename))
diff --git a/src/core/crypto/key_manager.h b/src/core/crypto/key_manager.h
index 03152a12c..c4c53cefc 100644
--- a/src/core/crypto/key_manager.h
+++ b/src/core/crypto/key_manager.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
+#include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
@@ -109,9 +110,9 @@ private:
     std::unordered_map<KeyIndex<S256KeyType>, Key256> s256_keys;
 
     bool dev_mode;
-    void LoadFromFile(std::string_view filename, bool is_title_keys);
-    void AttemptLoadKeyFile(std::string_view dir1, std::string_view dir2, std::string_view filename,
-                            bool title);
+    void LoadFromFile(const std::string& filename, bool is_title_keys);
+    void AttemptLoadKeyFile(const std::string& dir1, const std::string& dir2,
+                            const std::string& filename, bool title);
 
     static const std::unordered_map<std::string, KeyIndex<S128KeyType>> s128_file_id;
     static const std::unordered_map<std::string, KeyIndex<S256KeyType>> s256_file_id;
diff --git a/src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.cpp b/src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.cpp
index 75f6b8235..332e5c3d0 100644
--- a/src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.cpp
+++ b/src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.cpp
@@ -41,40 +41,42 @@
 #include "core/loader/loader.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"
 
-const int GDB_BUFFER_SIZE = 10000;
+namespace GDBStub {
+namespace {
+constexpr int GDB_BUFFER_SIZE = 10000;
 
-const char GDB_STUB_START = '$';
-const char GDB_STUB_END = '#';
-const char GDB_STUB_ACK = '+';
-const char GDB_STUB_NACK = '-';
+constexpr char GDB_STUB_START = '$';
+constexpr char GDB_STUB_END = '#';
+constexpr char GDB_STUB_ACK = '+';
+constexpr char GDB_STUB_NACK = '-';
 
 #ifndef SIGTRAP
-const u32 SIGTRAP = 5;
+constexpr u32 SIGTRAP = 5;
 #endif
 
 #ifndef SIGTERM
-const u32 SIGTERM = 15;
+constexpr u32 SIGTERM = 15;
 #endif
 
 #ifndef MSG_WAITALL
-const u32 MSG_WAITALL = 8;
+constexpr u32 MSG_WAITALL = 8;
 #endif
 
-const u32 LR_REGISTER = 30;
-const u32 SP_REGISTER = 31;
-const u32 PC_REGISTER = 32;
-const u32 CPSR_REGISTER = 33;
-const u32 UC_ARM64_REG_Q0 = 34;
-const u32 FPSCR_REGISTER = 66;
+constexpr u32 LR_REGISTER = 30;
+constexpr u32 SP_REGISTER = 31;
+constexpr u32 PC_REGISTER = 32;
+constexpr u32 CPSR_REGISTER = 33;
+constexpr u32 UC_ARM64_REG_Q0 = 34;
+constexpr u32 FPSCR_REGISTER = 66;
 
 // TODO/WiP - Used while working on support for FPU
-const u32 TODO_DUMMY_REG_997 = 997;
-const u32 TODO_DUMMY_REG_998 = 998;
+constexpr u32 TODO_DUMMY_REG_997 = 997;
+constexpr u32 TODO_DUMMY_REG_998 = 998;
 
 // For sample XML files see the GDB source /gdb/features
 // GDB also wants the l character at the start
 // This XML defines what the registers are for this specific ARM device
-static const char* target_xml =
+constexpr char target_xml[] =
     R"(l<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!DOCTYPE target SYSTEM "gdb-target.dtd">
 <target version="1.0">
@@ -140,30 +142,28 @@ static const char* target_xml =
 </target>
 )";
 
-namespace GDBStub {
-
-static int gdbserver_socket = -1;
+int gdbserver_socket = -1;
 
-static u8 command_buffer[GDB_BUFFER_SIZE];
-static u32 command_length;
+u8 command_buffer[GDB_BUFFER_SIZE];
+u32 command_length;
 
-static u32 latest_signal = 0;
-static bool memory_break = false;
+u32 latest_signal = 0;
+bool memory_break = false;
 
-static Kernel::Thread* current_thread = nullptr;
-static u32 current_core = 0;
+Kernel::Thread* current_thread = nullptr;
+u32 current_core = 0;
 
 // Binding to a port within the reserved ports range (0-1023) requires root permissions,
 // so default to a port outside of that range.
-static u16 gdbstub_port = 24689;
+u16 gdbstub_port = 24689;
 
-static bool halt_loop = true;
-static bool step_loop = false;
-static bool send_trap = false;
+bool halt_loop = true;
+bool step_loop = false;
+bool send_trap = false;
 
 // If set to false, the server will never be started and no
 // gdbstub-related functions will be executed.
-static std::atomic<bool> server_enabled(false);
+std::atomic<bool> server_enabled(false);
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 WSADATA InitData;
@@ -171,23 +171,26 @@ WSADATA InitData;
 
 struct Breakpoint {
     bool active;
-    PAddr addr;
+    VAddr addr;
     u64 len;
+    std::array<u8, 4> inst;
 };
 
-static std::map<u64, Breakpoint> breakpoints_execute;
-static std::map<u64, Breakpoint> breakpoints_read;
-static std::map<u64, Breakpoint> breakpoints_write;
+using BreakpointMap = std::map<VAddr, Breakpoint>;
+BreakpointMap breakpoints_execute;
+BreakpointMap breakpoints_read;
+BreakpointMap breakpoints_write;
 
 struct Module {
     std::string name;
-    PAddr beg;
-    PAddr end;
+    VAddr beg;
+    VAddr end;
 };
 
-static std::vector<Module> modules;
+std::vector<Module> modules;
+} // Anonymous namespace
 
-void RegisterModule(std::string name, PAddr beg, PAddr end, bool add_elf_ext) {
+void RegisterModule(std::string name, VAddr beg, VAddr end, bool add_elf_ext) {
     Module module;
     if (add_elf_ext) {
         Common::SplitPath(name, nullptr, &module.name, nullptr);
@@ -418,11 +421,11 @@ static u8 CalculateChecksum(const u8* buffer, size_t length) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Get the list of breakpoints for a given breakpoint type.
+ * Get the map of breakpoints for a given breakpoint type.
  *
- * @param type Type of breakpoint list.
+ * @param type Type of breakpoint map.
  */
-static std::map<u64, Breakpoint>& GetBreakpointList(BreakpointType type) {
+static BreakpointMap& GetBreakpointMap(BreakpointType type) {
     switch (type) {
     case BreakpointType::Execute:
         return breakpoints_execute;
@@ -441,20 +444,24 @@ static std::map<u64, Breakpoint>& GetBreakpointList(BreakpointType type) {
  * @param type Type of breakpoint.
  * @param addr Address of breakpoint.
  */
-static void RemoveBreakpoint(BreakpointType type, PAddr addr) {
-    std::map<u64, Breakpoint>& p = GetBreakpointList(type);
+static void RemoveBreakpoint(BreakpointType type, VAddr addr) {
+    BreakpointMap& p = GetBreakpointMap(type);
 
-    auto bp = p.find(static_cast<u64>(addr));
-    if (bp != p.end()) {
-        LOG_DEBUG(Debug_GDBStub, "gdb: removed a breakpoint: {:016X} bytes at {:016X} of type {}",
-                  bp->second.len, bp->second.addr, static_cast<int>(type));
-        p.erase(static_cast<u64>(addr));
+    const auto bp = p.find(addr);
+    if (bp == p.end()) {
+        return;
     }
+
+    LOG_DEBUG(Debug_GDBStub, "gdb: removed a breakpoint: {:016X} bytes at {:016X} of type {}",
+              bp->second.len, bp->second.addr, static_cast<int>(type));
+    Memory::WriteBlock(bp->second.addr, bp->second.inst.data(), bp->second.inst.size());
+    Core::System::GetInstance().InvalidateCpuInstructionCaches();
+    p.erase(addr);
 }
 
-BreakpointAddress GetNextBreakpointFromAddress(PAddr addr, BreakpointType type) {
-    std::map<u64, Breakpoint>& p = GetBreakpointList(type);
-    auto next_breakpoint = p.lower_bound(static_cast<u64>(addr));
+BreakpointAddress GetNextBreakpointFromAddress(VAddr addr, BreakpointType type) {
+    const BreakpointMap& p = GetBreakpointMap(type);
+    const auto next_breakpoint = p.lower_bound(addr);
     BreakpointAddress breakpoint;
 
     if (next_breakpoint != p.end()) {
@@ -468,36 +475,38 @@ BreakpointAddress GetNextBreakpointFromAddress(PAddr addr, BreakpointType type)
     return breakpoint;
 }
 
-bool CheckBreakpoint(PAddr addr, BreakpointType type) {
+bool CheckBreakpoint(VAddr addr, BreakpointType type) {
     if (!IsConnected()) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    std::map<u64, Breakpoint>& p = GetBreakpointList(type);
+    const BreakpointMap& p = GetBreakpointMap(type);
+    const auto bp = p.find(addr);
 
-    auto bp = p.find(static_cast<u64>(addr));
-    if (bp != p.end()) {
-        u64 len = bp->second.len;
+    if (bp == p.end()) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-        // IDA Pro defaults to 4-byte breakpoints for all non-hardware breakpoints
-        // no matter if it's a 4-byte or 2-byte instruction. When you execute a
-        // Thumb instruction with a 4-byte breakpoint set, it will set a breakpoint on
-        // two instructions instead of the single instruction you placed the breakpoint
-        // on. So, as a way to make sure that execution breakpoints are only breaking
-        // on the instruction that was specified, set the length of an execution
-        // breakpoint to 1. This should be fine since the CPU should never begin executing
-        // an instruction anywhere except the beginning of the instruction.
-        if (type == BreakpointType::Execute) {
-            len = 1;
-        }
+    u64 len = bp->second.len;
 
-        if (bp->second.active && (addr >= bp->second.addr && addr < bp->second.addr + len)) {
-            LOG_DEBUG(Debug_GDBStub,
-                      "Found breakpoint type {} @ {:016X}, range: {:016X}"
-                      " - {:016X} ({:X} bytes)",
-                      static_cast<int>(type), addr, bp->second.addr, bp->second.addr + len, len);
-            return true;
-        }
+    // IDA Pro defaults to 4-byte breakpoints for all non-hardware breakpoints
+    // no matter if it's a 4-byte or 2-byte instruction. When you execute a
+    // Thumb instruction with a 4-byte breakpoint set, it will set a breakpoint on
+    // two instructions instead of the single instruction you placed the breakpoint
+    // on. So, as a way to make sure that execution breakpoints are only breaking
+    // on the instruction that was specified, set the length of an execution
+    // breakpoint to 1. This should be fine since the CPU should never begin executing
+    // an instruction anywhere except the beginning of the instruction.
+    if (type == BreakpointType::Execute) {
+        len = 1;
+    }
+
+    if (bp->second.active && (addr >= bp->second.addr && addr < bp->second.addr + len)) {
+        LOG_DEBUG(Debug_GDBStub,
+                  "Found breakpoint type {} @ {:016X}, range: {:016X}"
+                  " - {:016X} ({:X} bytes)",
+                  static_cast<int>(type), addr, bp->second.addr, bp->second.addr + len, len);
+        return true;
     }
 
     return false;
@@ -931,6 +940,7 @@ static void WriteMemory() {
 
     GdbHexToMem(data.data(), len_pos + 1, len);
     Memory::WriteBlock(addr, data.data(), len);
+    Core::System::GetInstance().InvalidateCpuInstructionCaches();
     SendReply("OK");
 }
 
@@ -950,6 +960,7 @@ static void Step() {
     step_loop = true;
     halt_loop = true;
     send_trap = true;
+    Core::System::GetInstance().InvalidateCpuInstructionCaches();
 }
 
 /// Tell the CPU if we hit a memory breakpoint.
@@ -966,6 +977,7 @@ static void Continue() {
     memory_break = false;
     step_loop = false;
     halt_loop = false;
+    Core::System::GetInstance().InvalidateCpuInstructionCaches();
 }
 
 /**
@@ -975,13 +987,17 @@ static void Continue() {
  * @param addr Address of breakpoint.
  * @param len Length of breakpoint.
  */
-static bool CommitBreakpoint(BreakpointType type, PAddr addr, u64 len) {
-    std::map<u64, Breakpoint>& p = GetBreakpointList(type);
+static bool CommitBreakpoint(BreakpointType type, VAddr addr, u64 len) {
+    BreakpointMap& p = GetBreakpointMap(type);
 
     Breakpoint breakpoint;
     breakpoint.active = true;
     breakpoint.addr = addr;
     breakpoint.len = len;
+    Memory::ReadBlock(addr, breakpoint.inst.data(), breakpoint.inst.size());
+    static constexpr std::array<u8, 4> btrap{{0xd4, 0x20, 0x7d, 0x0}};
+    Memory::WriteBlock(addr, btrap.data(), btrap.size());
+    Core::System::GetInstance().InvalidateCpuInstructionCaches();
     p.insert({addr, breakpoint});
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Debug_GDBStub, "gdb: added {} breakpoint: {:016X} bytes at {:016X}",
@@ -1015,7 +1031,7 @@ static void AddBreakpoint() {
 
     auto start_offset = command_buffer + 3;
     auto addr_pos = std::find(start_offset, command_buffer + command_length, ',');
-    PAddr addr = HexToLong(start_offset, static_cast<u64>(addr_pos - start_offset));
+    VAddr addr = HexToLong(start_offset, static_cast<u64>(addr_pos - start_offset));
 
     start_offset = addr_pos + 1;
     u64 len =
@@ -1064,7 +1080,7 @@ static void RemoveBreakpoint() {
 
     auto start_offset = command_buffer + 3;
     auto addr_pos = std::find(start_offset, command_buffer + command_length, ',');
-    PAddr addr = HexToLong(start_offset, static_cast<u64>(addr_pos - start_offset));
+    VAddr addr = HexToLong(start_offset, static_cast<u64>(addr_pos - start_offset));
 
     if (type == BreakpointType::Access) {
         // Access is made up of Read and Write types, so add both breakpoints
diff --git a/src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h b/src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h
index a6b50c26c..5a36524b2 100644
--- a/src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h
+++ b/src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ enum class BreakpointType {
 };
 
 struct BreakpointAddress {
-    PAddr address;
+    VAddr address;
     BreakpointType type;
 };
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ bool IsServerEnabled();
 bool IsConnected();
 
 /// Register module.
-void RegisterModule(std::string name, PAddr beg, PAddr end, bool add_elf_ext = true);
+void RegisterModule(std::string name, VAddr beg, VAddr end, bool add_elf_ext = true);
 
 /**
  * Signal to the gdbstub server that it should halt CPU execution.
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ void HandlePacket();
  * @param addr Address to search from.
  * @param type Type of breakpoint.
  */
-BreakpointAddress GetNextBreakpointFromAddress(PAddr addr, GDBStub::BreakpointType type);
+BreakpointAddress GetNextBreakpointFromAddress(VAddr addr, GDBStub::BreakpointType type);
 
 /**
  * Check if a breakpoint of the specified type exists at the given address.
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ BreakpointAddress GetNextBreakpointFromAddress(PAddr addr, GDBStub::BreakpointTy
  * @param addr Address of breakpoint.
  * @param type Type of breakpoint.
  */
-bool CheckBreakpoint(PAddr addr, GDBStub::BreakpointType type);
+bool CheckBreakpoint(VAddr addr, GDBStub::BreakpointType type);
 
 /// If set to true, the CPU will halt at the beginning of the next CPU loop.
 bool GetCpuHaltFlag();
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/address_arbiter.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/address_arbiter.cpp
index 7a17ed162..03a954a9f 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/address_arbiter.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/address_arbiter.cpp
@@ -32,9 +32,8 @@ static ResultCode WaitForAddress(VAddr address, s64 timeout) {
 }
 
 // Gets the threads waiting on an address.
-static void GetThreadsWaitingOnAddress(std::vector<SharedPtr<Thread>>& waiting_threads,
-                                       VAddr address) {
-    auto RetrieveWaitingThreads =
+static std::vector<SharedPtr<Thread>> GetThreadsWaitingOnAddress(VAddr address) {
+    const auto RetrieveWaitingThreads =
         [](size_t core_index, std::vector<SharedPtr<Thread>>& waiting_threads, VAddr arb_addr) {
             const auto& scheduler = Core::System::GetInstance().Scheduler(core_index);
             auto& thread_list = scheduler->GetThreadList();
@@ -45,16 +44,20 @@ static void GetThreadsWaitingOnAddress(std::vector<SharedPtr<Thread>>& waiting_t
             }
         };
 
-    // Retrieve a list of all threads that are waiting for this address.
-    RetrieveWaitingThreads(0, waiting_threads, address);
-    RetrieveWaitingThreads(1, waiting_threads, address);
-    RetrieveWaitingThreads(2, waiting_threads, address);
-    RetrieveWaitingThreads(3, waiting_threads, address);
+    // Retrieve all threads that are waiting for this address.
+    std::vector<SharedPtr<Thread>> threads;
+    RetrieveWaitingThreads(0, threads, address);
+    RetrieveWaitingThreads(1, threads, address);
+    RetrieveWaitingThreads(2, threads, address);
+    RetrieveWaitingThreads(3, threads, address);
+
     // Sort them by priority, such that the highest priority ones come first.
-    std::sort(waiting_threads.begin(), waiting_threads.end(),
+    std::sort(threads.begin(), threads.end(),
               [](const SharedPtr<Thread>& lhs, const SharedPtr<Thread>& rhs) {
                   return lhs->current_priority < rhs->current_priority;
               });
+
+    return threads;
 }
 
 // Wake up num_to_wake (or all) threads in a vector.
@@ -76,9 +79,7 @@ static void WakeThreads(std::vector<SharedPtr<Thread>>& waiting_threads, s32 num
 
 // Signals an address being waited on.
 ResultCode SignalToAddress(VAddr address, s32 num_to_wake) {
-    // Get threads waiting on the address.
-    std::vector<SharedPtr<Thread>> waiting_threads;
-    GetThreadsWaitingOnAddress(waiting_threads, address);
+    std::vector<SharedPtr<Thread>> waiting_threads = GetThreadsWaitingOnAddress(address);
 
     WakeThreads(waiting_threads, num_to_wake);
     return RESULT_SUCCESS;
@@ -110,12 +111,11 @@ ResultCode ModifyByWaitingCountAndSignalToAddressIfEqual(VAddr address, s32 valu
     }
 
     // Get threads waiting on the address.
-    std::vector<SharedPtr<Thread>> waiting_threads;
-    GetThreadsWaitingOnAddress(waiting_threads, address);
+    std::vector<SharedPtr<Thread>> waiting_threads = GetThreadsWaitingOnAddress(address);
 
     // Determine the modified value depending on the waiting count.
     s32 updated_value;
-    if (waiting_threads.size() == 0) {
+    if (waiting_threads.empty()) {
         updated_value = value - 1;
     } else if (num_to_wake <= 0 || waiting_threads.size() <= static_cast<u32>(num_to_wake)) {
         updated_value = value + 1;
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/client_port.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/client_port.cpp
index 7933c105c..134e41ebc 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/client_port.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/client_port.cpp
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-ClientPort::ClientPort() {}
-ClientPort::~ClientPort() {}
+ClientPort::ClientPort() = default;
+ClientPort::~ClientPort() = default;
 
 ResultVal<SharedPtr<ClientSession>> ClientPort::Connect() {
     // Note: Threads do not wait for the server endpoint to call
@@ -40,4 +40,12 @@ ResultVal<SharedPtr<ClientSession>> ClientPort::Connect() {
     return MakeResult(std::get<SharedPtr<ClientSession>>(sessions));
 }
 
+void ClientPort::ConnectionClosed() {
+    if (active_sessions == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    --active_sessions;
+}
+
 } // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/client_port.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/client_port.h
index b42c94bde..b1269ea5c 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/client_port.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/client_port.h
@@ -37,14 +37,20 @@ public:
      */
     ResultVal<SharedPtr<ClientSession>> Connect();
 
-    SharedPtr<ServerPort> server_port; ///< ServerPort associated with this client port.
-    u32 max_sessions;    ///< Maximum number of simultaneous sessions the port can have
-    u32 active_sessions; ///< Number of currently open sessions to this port
-    std::string name;    ///< Name of client port (optional)
+    /**
+     * Signifies that a previously active connection has been closed,
+     * decreasing the total number of active connections to this port.
+     */
+    void ConnectionClosed();
 
 private:
     ClientPort();
     ~ClientPort() override;
+
+    SharedPtr<ServerPort> server_port; ///< ServerPort associated with this client port.
+    u32 max_sessions = 0;    ///< Maximum number of simultaneous sessions the port can have
+    u32 active_sessions = 0; ///< Number of currently open sessions to this port
+    std::string name;        ///< Name of client port (optional)
 };
 
 } // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/event.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/event.h
index 1c99911b2..3c20c05e8 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/event.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/event.h
@@ -31,10 +31,9 @@ public:
         return HANDLE_TYPE;
     }
 
-    ResetType reset_type; ///< Current ResetType
-
-    bool signaled;    ///< Whether the event has already been signaled
-    std::string name; ///< Name of event (optional)
+    ResetType GetResetType() const {
+        return reset_type;
+    }
 
     bool ShouldWait(Thread* thread) const override;
     void Acquire(Thread* thread) override;
@@ -47,6 +46,11 @@ public:
 private:
     Event();
     ~Event() override;
+
+    ResetType reset_type; ///< Current ResetType
+
+    bool signaled;    ///< Whether the event has already been signaled
+    std::string name; ///< Name of event (optional)
 };
 
 } // namespace Kernel
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/server_session.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/server_session.cpp
index 60370e9ec..93560152f 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/server_session.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/server_session.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ ServerSession::~ServerSession() {
 
     // Decrease the port's connection count.
     if (parent->port)
-        parent->port->active_sessions--;
+        parent->port->ConnectionClosed();
 
     // TODO(Subv): Wake up all the ClientSession's waiting threads and set
     // the SendSyncRequest result to 0xC920181A.
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/apm/apm.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/apm/apm.cpp
index 7a185c6c8..4109cb7f7 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/apm/apm.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/apm/apm.cpp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager) {
     auto module_ = std::make_shared<Module>();
     std::make_shared<APM>(module_, "apm")->InstallAsService(service_manager);
     std::make_shared<APM>(module_, "apm:p")->InstallAsService(service_manager);
+    std::make_shared<APM_Sys>()->InstallAsService(service_manager);
 }
 
 } // namespace Service::APM
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/apm/interface.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/apm/interface.cpp
index ce943d829..4cd8132f5 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/apm/interface.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/apm/interface.cpp
@@ -74,6 +74,31 @@ void APM::OpenSession(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
     rb.PushIpcInterface<ISession>();
+
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_APM, "called");
+}
+
+APM_Sys::APM_Sys() : ServiceFramework{"apm:sys"} {
+    // clang-format off
+    static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+        {0, nullptr, "RequestPerformanceMode"},
+        {1, &APM_Sys::GetPerformanceEvent, "GetPerformanceEvent"},
+        {2, nullptr, "GetThrottlingState"},
+        {3, nullptr, "GetLastThrottlingState"},
+        {4, nullptr, "ClearLastThrottlingState"},
+        {5, nullptr, "LoadAndApplySettings"},
+    };
+    // clang-format on
+
+    RegisterHandlers(functions);
+}
+
+void APM_Sys::GetPerformanceEvent(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
+    rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<ISession>();
+
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_APM, "called");
 }
 
 } // namespace Service::APM
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/apm/interface.h b/src/core/hle/service/apm/interface.h
index fa68c7d93..d14264ad7 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/apm/interface.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/apm/interface.h
@@ -19,4 +19,12 @@ private:
     std::shared_ptr<Module> apm;
 };
 
+class APM_Sys final : public ServiceFramework<APM_Sys> {
+public:
+    explicit APM_Sys();
+
+private:
+    void GetPerformanceEvent(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+};
+
 } // namespace Service::APM
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/arp/arp.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/arp/arp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..358ef2576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/arp/arp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/arp/arp.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/service.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/sm/sm.h"
+
+namespace Service::ARP {
+
+class ARP_R final : public ServiceFramework<ARP_R> {
+public:
+    explicit ARP_R() : ServiceFramework{"arp:r"} {
+        // clang-format off
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, nullptr, "GetApplicationLaunchProperty"},
+            {1, nullptr, "GetApplicationLaunchPropertyWithApplicationId"},
+            {2, nullptr, "GetApplicationControlProperty"},
+            {3, nullptr, "GetApplicationControlPropertyWithApplicationId"},
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+};
+
+class IRegistrar final : public ServiceFramework<IRegistrar> {
+public:
+    explicit IRegistrar() : ServiceFramework{"IRegistrar"} {
+        // clang-format off
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, nullptr, "Issue"},
+            {1, nullptr, "SetApplicationLaunchProperty"},
+            {2, nullptr, "SetApplicationControlProperty"},
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+};
+
+class ARP_W final : public ServiceFramework<ARP_W> {
+public:
+    explicit ARP_W() : ServiceFramework{"arp:w"} {
+        // clang-format off
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, &ARP_W::AcquireRegistrar, "AcquireRegistrar"},
+            {1, nullptr, "DeleteProperties"},
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+
+private:
+    void AcquireRegistrar(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
+        rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IRegistrar>();
+
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_ARP, "called");
+    }
+};
+
+void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& sm) {
+    std::make_shared<ARP_R>()->InstallAsService(sm);
+    std::make_shared<ARP_W>()->InstallAsService(sm);
+}
+
+} // namespace Service::ARP
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/arp/arp.h b/src/core/hle/service/arp/arp.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d100187c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/arp/arp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace Service::SM {
+class ServiceManager;
+}
+
+namespace Service::ARP {
+
+/// Registers all ARP services with the specified service manager.
+void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& sm);
+
+} // namespace Service::ARP
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audin_a.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audin_a.cpp
index e62a27945..a70d5bca4 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audin_a.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audin_a.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#pragma once
-
 #include "core/hle/service/audio/audin_a.h"
 
 namespace Service::Audio {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_a.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_a.cpp
index 57b934dd6..bf8d40157 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_a.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_a.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#pragma once
-
 #include "core/hle/service/audio/audout_a.h"
 
 namespace Service::Audio {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_u.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_u.cpp
index b317027b6..108a7c6eb 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_u.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_u.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 #include <array>
 #include <vector>
+
+#include "audio_core/codec.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ public:
         buffer_event = Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::Sticky, "IAudioOutBufferReleased");
 
         stream = audio_core.OpenStream(audio_params.sample_rate, audio_params.channel_count,
-                                       [=]() { buffer_event->Signal(); });
+                                       "IAudioOut", [=]() { buffer_event->Signal(); });
     }
 
 private:
@@ -111,10 +113,10 @@ private:
         std::memcpy(&audio_buffer, input_buffer.data(), sizeof(AudioBuffer));
         const u64 tag{rp.Pop<u64>()};
 
-        std::vector<u8> data(audio_buffer.buffer_size);
-        Memory::ReadBlock(audio_buffer.buffer, data.data(), data.size());
+        std::vector<s16> samples(audio_buffer.buffer_size / sizeof(s16));
+        Memory::ReadBlock(audio_buffer.buffer, samples.data(), audio_buffer.buffer_size);
 
-        if (!audio_core.QueueBuffer(stream, tag, std::move(data))) {
+        if (!audio_core.QueueBuffer(stream, tag, std::move(samples))) {
             IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
             rb.Push(ResultCode(ErrorModule::Audio, ErrCodes::BufferCountExceeded));
         }
@@ -200,7 +202,7 @@ void AudOutU::OpenAudioOutImpl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
     rb.Push<u32>(DefaultSampleRate);
     rb.Push<u32>(params.channel_count);
-    rb.Push<u32>(static_cast<u32>(PcmFormat::Int16));
+    rb.Push<u32>(static_cast<u32>(AudioCore::Codec::PcmFormat::Int16));
     rb.Push<u32>(static_cast<u32>(AudioState::Stopped));
     rb.PushIpcInterface<Audio::IAudioOut>(audio_out_interface);
 }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_u.h b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_u.h
index e5c2184d5..fd491f65d 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_u.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_u.h
@@ -38,16 +38,6 @@ private:
 
     void ListAudioOutsImpl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void OpenAudioOutImpl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
-
-    enum class PcmFormat : u32 {
-        Invalid = 0,
-        Int8 = 1,
-        Int16 = 2,
-        Int24 = 3,
-        Int32 = 4,
-        PcmFloat = 5,
-        Adpcm = 6,
-    };
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::Audio
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audrec_a.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audrec_a.cpp
index 9c32f9b98..016eabf53 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audrec_a.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audrec_a.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#pragma once
-
 #include "core/hle/service/audio/audrec_a.h"
 
 namespace Service::Audio {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_a.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_a.cpp
index bc9930d79..616ff3dc4 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_a.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_a.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#pragma once
-
 #include "core/hle/service/audio/audren_a.h"
 
 namespace Service::Audio {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_u.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_u.cpp
index 6aed9e2fa..f99304de5 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_u.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_u.cpp
@@ -15,13 +15,10 @@
 
 namespace Service::Audio {
 
-/// TODO(bunnei): Find a proper value for the audio_ticks
-constexpr u64 audio_ticks{static_cast<u64>(CoreTiming::BASE_CLOCK_RATE / 200)};
-
 class IAudioRenderer final : public ServiceFramework<IAudioRenderer> {
 public:
-    explicit IAudioRenderer(AudioRendererParameter audren_params)
-        : ServiceFramework("IAudioRenderer"), worker_params(audren_params) {
+    explicit IAudioRenderer(AudioCore::AudioRendererParameter audren_params)
+        : ServiceFramework("IAudioRenderer") {
         static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
             {0, nullptr, "GetAudioRendererSampleRate"},
             {1, nullptr, "GetAudioRendererSampleCount"},
@@ -39,21 +36,8 @@ public:
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
 
         system_event =
-            Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "IAudioRenderer:SystemEvent");
-
-        // Register event callback to update the Audio Buffer
-        audio_event = CoreTiming::RegisterEvent(
-            "IAudioRenderer::UpdateAudioCallback", [this](u64 userdata, int cycles_late) {
-                UpdateAudioCallback();
-                CoreTiming::ScheduleEvent(audio_ticks - cycles_late, audio_event);
-            });
-
-        // Start the audio event
-        CoreTiming::ScheduleEvent(audio_ticks, audio_event);
-        voice_status_list.resize(worker_params.voice_count);
-    }
-    ~IAudioRenderer() {
-        CoreTiming::UnscheduleEvent(audio_event, 0);
+            Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::Sticky, "IAudioRenderer:SystemEvent");
+        renderer = std::make_unique<AudioCore::AudioRenderer>(audren_params, system_event);
     }
 
 private:
@@ -62,60 +46,9 @@ private:
     }
 
     void RequestUpdateAudioRenderer(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
-        UpdateDataHeader config{};
-        auto buf = ctx.ReadBuffer();
-        std::memcpy(&config, buf.data(), sizeof(UpdateDataHeader));
-        u32 memory_pool_count = worker_params.effect_count + (worker_params.voice_count * 4);
-
-        std::vector<MemoryPoolInfo> mem_pool_info(memory_pool_count);
-        std::memcpy(mem_pool_info.data(),
-                    buf.data() + sizeof(UpdateDataHeader) + config.behavior_size,
-                    memory_pool_count * sizeof(MemoryPoolInfo));
-
-        std::vector<VoiceInfo> voice_info(worker_params.voice_count);
-        std::memcpy(voice_info.data(),
-                    buf.data() + sizeof(UpdateDataHeader) + config.behavior_size +
-                        config.memory_pools_size + config.voice_resource_size,
-                    worker_params.voice_count * sizeof(VoiceInfo));
-
-        UpdateDataHeader response_data{worker_params};
-
-        ASSERT(ctx.GetWriteBufferSize() == response_data.total_size);
-
-        std::vector<u8> output(response_data.total_size);
-        std::memcpy(output.data(), &response_data, sizeof(UpdateDataHeader));
-        std::vector<MemoryPoolEntry> memory_pool(memory_pool_count);
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < memory_pool.size(); i++) {
-            if (mem_pool_info[i].pool_state == MemoryPoolStates::RequestAttach)
-                memory_pool[i].state = MemoryPoolStates::Attached;
-            else if (mem_pool_info[i].pool_state == MemoryPoolStates::RequestDetach)
-                memory_pool[i].state = MemoryPoolStates::Detached;
-        }
-        std::memcpy(output.data() + sizeof(UpdateDataHeader), memory_pool.data(),
-                    response_data.memory_pools_size);
-
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < voice_info.size(); i++) {
-            if (voice_info[i].is_new) {
-                voice_status_list[i].played_sample_count = 0;
-                voice_status_list[i].wave_buffer_consumed = 0;
-            } else if (voice_info[i].play_state == (u8)PlayStates::Started) {
-                for (u32 buff_idx = 0; buff_idx < voice_info[i].wave_buffer_count; buff_idx++) {
-                    voice_status_list[i].played_sample_count +=
-                        (voice_info[i].wave_buffer[buff_idx].end_sample_offset -
-                         voice_info[i].wave_buffer[buff_idx].start_sample_offset) /
-                        2;
-                    voice_status_list[i].wave_buffer_consumed++;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        std::memcpy(output.data() + sizeof(UpdateDataHeader) + response_data.memory_pools_size,
-                    voice_status_list.data(), response_data.voices_size);
-
-        ctx.WriteBuffer(output);
-
+        ctx.WriteBuffer(renderer->UpdateAudioRenderer(ctx.ReadBuffer()));
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
         rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
-
         LOG_WARNING(Service_Audio, "(STUBBED) called");
     }
 
@@ -136,8 +69,6 @@ private:
     }
 
     void QuerySystemEvent(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
-        // system_event->Signal();
-
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
         rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
         rb.PushCopyObjects(system_event);
@@ -145,131 +76,8 @@ private:
         LOG_WARNING(Service_Audio, "(STUBBED) called");
     }
 
-    enum class MemoryPoolStates : u32 { // Should be LE
-        Invalid = 0x0,
-        Unknown = 0x1,
-        RequestDetach = 0x2,
-        Detached = 0x3,
-        RequestAttach = 0x4,
-        Attached = 0x5,
-        Released = 0x6,
-    };
-
-    enum class PlayStates : u8 {
-        Started = 0,
-        Stopped = 1,
-    };
-
-    struct MemoryPoolEntry {
-        MemoryPoolStates state;
-        u32_le unknown_4;
-        u32_le unknown_8;
-        u32_le unknown_c;
-    };
-    static_assert(sizeof(MemoryPoolEntry) == 0x10, "MemoryPoolEntry has wrong size");
-
-    struct MemoryPoolInfo {
-        u64_le pool_address;
-        u64_le pool_size;
-        MemoryPoolStates pool_state;
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(3); // Unknown
-    };
-    static_assert(sizeof(MemoryPoolInfo) == 0x20, "MemoryPoolInfo has wrong size");
-
-    struct UpdateDataHeader {
-        UpdateDataHeader() {}
-
-        explicit UpdateDataHeader(const AudioRendererParameter& config) {
-            revision = Common::MakeMagic('R', 'E', 'V', '4'); // 5.1.0 Revision
-            behavior_size = 0xb0;
-            memory_pools_size = (config.effect_count + (config.voice_count * 4)) * 0x10;
-            voices_size = config.voice_count * 0x10;
-            voice_resource_size = 0x0;
-            effects_size = config.effect_count * 0x10;
-            mixes_size = 0x0;
-            sinks_size = config.sink_count * 0x20;
-            performance_manager_size = 0x10;
-            total_size = sizeof(UpdateDataHeader) + behavior_size + memory_pools_size +
-                         voices_size + effects_size + sinks_size + performance_manager_size;
-        }
-
-        u32_le revision;
-        u32_le behavior_size;
-        u32_le memory_pools_size;
-        u32_le voices_size;
-        u32_le voice_resource_size;
-        u32_le effects_size;
-        u32_le mixes_size;
-        u32_le sinks_size;
-        u32_le performance_manager_size;
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(6);
-        u32_le total_size;
-    };
-    static_assert(sizeof(UpdateDataHeader) == 0x40, "UpdateDataHeader has wrong size");
-
-    struct BiquadFilter {
-        u8 enable;
-        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(1);
-        s16_le numerator[3];
-        s16_le denominator[2];
-    };
-    static_assert(sizeof(BiquadFilter) == 0xc, "BiquadFilter has wrong size");
-
-    struct WaveBuffer {
-        u64_le buffer_addr;
-        u64_le buffer_sz;
-        s32_le start_sample_offset;
-        s32_le end_sample_offset;
-        u8 loop;
-        u8 end_of_stream;
-        u8 sent_to_server;
-        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(5);
-        u64 context_addr;
-        u64 context_sz;
-        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(8);
-    };
-    static_assert(sizeof(WaveBuffer) == 0x38, "WaveBuffer has wrong size");
-
-    struct VoiceInfo {
-        u32_le id;
-        u32_le node_id;
-        u8 is_new;
-        u8 is_in_use;
-        u8 play_state;
-        u8 sample_format;
-        u32_le sample_rate;
-        u32_le priority;
-        u32_le sorting_order;
-        u32_le channel_count;
-        float_le pitch;
-        float_le volume;
-        BiquadFilter biquad_filter[2];
-        u32_le wave_buffer_count;
-        u16_le wave_buffer_head;
-        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(6);
-        u64_le additional_params_addr;
-        u64_le additional_params_sz;
-        u32_le mix_id;
-        u32_le splitter_info_id;
-        WaveBuffer wave_buffer[4];
-        u32_le voice_channel_resource_ids[6];
-        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(24);
-    };
-    static_assert(sizeof(VoiceInfo) == 0x170, "VoiceInfo is wrong size");
-
-    struct VoiceOutStatus {
-        u64_le played_sample_count;
-        u32_le wave_buffer_consumed;
-        INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-    };
-    static_assert(sizeof(VoiceOutStatus) == 0x10, "VoiceOutStatus has wrong size");
-
-    /// This is used to trigger the audio event callback.
-    CoreTiming::EventType* audio_event;
-
     Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Event> system_event;
-    AudioRendererParameter worker_params;
-    std::vector<VoiceOutStatus> voice_status_list;
+    std::unique_ptr<AudioCore::AudioRenderer> renderer;
 };
 
 class IAudioDevice final : public ServiceFramework<IAudioDevice> {
@@ -368,7 +176,7 @@ AudRenU::AudRenU() : ServiceFramework("audren:u") {
 
 void AudRenU::OpenAudioRenderer(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
-    auto params = rp.PopRaw<AudioRendererParameter>();
+    auto params = rp.PopRaw<AudioCore::AudioRendererParameter>();
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
 
     rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
@@ -379,7 +187,7 @@ void AudRenU::OpenAudioRenderer(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
 void AudRenU::GetAudioRendererWorkBufferSize(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
-    auto params = rp.PopRaw<AudioRendererParameter>();
+    auto params = rp.PopRaw<AudioCore::AudioRendererParameter>();
 
     u64 buffer_sz = Common::AlignUp(4 * params.unknown_8, 0x40);
     buffer_sz += params.unknown_c * 1024;
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_u.h b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_u.h
index b9b81db4f..14907f8ae 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_u.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_u.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "audio_core/audio_renderer.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
@@ -12,24 +13,6 @@ class HLERequestContext;
 
 namespace Service::Audio {
 
-struct AudioRendererParameter {
-    u32_le sample_rate;
-    u32_le sample_count;
-    u32_le unknown_8;
-    u32_le unknown_c;
-    u32_le voice_count;
-    u32_le sink_count;
-    u32_le effect_count;
-    u32_le unknown_1c;
-    u8 unknown_20;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(3);
-    u32_le splitter_count;
-    u32_le unknown_2c;
-    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-    u32_le revision;
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(AudioRendererParameter) == 52, "AudioRendererParameter is an invalid size");
-
 class AudRenU final : public ServiceFramework<AudRenU> {
 public:
     explicit AudRenU();
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_ldr.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_ldr.cpp
index ee6d4d055..0ab9c2606 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_ldr.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_ldr.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#pragma once
-
 #include "core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_ldr.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_pr.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_pr.cpp
index 0b51385ee..32b0ae454 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_pr.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_pr.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#pragma once
-
 #include "core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_pr.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.cpp
index ed53f96c5..8f0262e34 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.cpp
@@ -337,6 +337,7 @@ public:
              "AcquireNpadStyleSetUpdateEventHandle"},
             {107, nullptr, "DisconnectNpad"},
             {108, &Hid::GetPlayerLedPattern, "GetPlayerLedPattern"},
+            {109, nullptr, "ActivateNpadWithRevision"},
             {120, &Hid::SetNpadJoyHoldType, "SetNpadJoyHoldType"},
             {121, &Hid::GetNpadJoyHoldType, "GetNpadJoyHoldType"},
             {122, &Hid::SetNpadJoyAssignmentModeSingleByDefault,
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp
index ed69a4325..8bc49935a 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h"
+#include "video_core/gpu.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_base.h"
-#include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
 namespace Service::Nvidia::Devices {
 
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ void nvdisp_disp0::flip(u32 buffer_handle, u32 offset, u32 format, u32 width, u3
         addr,      offset,   width, height, stride, static_cast<PixelFormat>(format),
         transform, crop_rect};
 
-    Core::System::GetInstance().perf_stats.EndGameFrame();
-
-    VideoCore::g_renderer->SwapBuffers(framebuffer);
+    auto& instance = Core::System::GetInstance();
+    instance.perf_stats.EndGameFrame();
+    instance.Renderer().SwapBuffers(framebuffer);
 }
 
 } // namespace Service::Nvidia::Devices
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.cpp
index 57b128b40..be2b79256 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.cpp
@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstring>
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h"
+#include "video_core/memory_manager.h"
+#include "video_core/rasterizer_interface.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_base.h"
-#include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
 namespace Service::Nvidia::Devices {
 
@@ -150,15 +151,16 @@ u32 nvhost_as_gpu::UnmapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& ou
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, offset=0x{:X}", params.offset);
 
-    auto& gpu = Core::System::GetInstance().GPU();
-
-    auto itr = buffer_mappings.find(params.offset);
-
+    const auto itr = buffer_mappings.find(params.offset);
     ASSERT_MSG(itr != buffer_mappings.end(), "Tried to unmap invalid mapping");
 
+    auto& system_instance = Core::System::GetInstance();
+
     // Remove this memory region from the rasterizer cache.
-    VideoCore::g_renderer->Rasterizer()->FlushAndInvalidateRegion(params.offset, itr->second.size);
+    system_instance.Renderer().Rasterizer().FlushAndInvalidateRegion(params.offset,
+                                                                     itr->second.size);
 
+    auto& gpu = system_instance.GPU();
     params.offset = gpu.memory_manager->UnmapBuffer(params.offset, itr->second.size);
 
     buffer_mappings.erase(itr->second.offset);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl.cpp
index 671b092e1..5685eb2be 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl.h"
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl.h
index 090261a60..6b496e9fe 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl.h
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
 #include <vector>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h"
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl_gpu.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl_gpu.cpp
index 010072a5b..ae421247d 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl_gpu.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl_gpu.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstring>
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl_gpu.h"
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.cpp
index 5a1123ad2..116dabedb 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.cpp
@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#include <cinttypes>
-#include <map>
+#include <cstring>
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.h"
+#include "core/memory.h"
+#include "video_core/gpu.h"
+#include "video_core/memory_manager.h"
 
 namespace Service::Nvidia::Devices {
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.h
index aa8df2e6e..650ed8fbc 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
+#include "common/bit_field.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/swap.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h"
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec.cpp
index b51c73ee8..364619e67 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <cstring>
+
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec.h"
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec.h
index 0192aecdd..6ad74421b 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec.h
@@ -4,11 +4,9 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <array>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
 #include <vector>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/swap.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h"
 
 namespace Service::Nvidia::Devices {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.cpp
index 724eeb139..e9305bfb3 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstring>
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.h
index 959b5ba29..1c3529bb6 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.h
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
-#include <string>
 #include "core/hle/kernel/event.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp
index 1555ea806..e8b30921a 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ u32 Module::Open(const std::string& device_name) {
     return fd;
 }
 
-u32 Module::Ioctl(u32 fd, u32_le command, const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+u32 Module::Ioctl(u32 fd, u32 command, const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     auto itr = open_files.find(fd);
     ASSERT_MSG(itr != open_files.end(), "Tried to talk to an invalid device");
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvmemp.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvmemp.cpp
index 9ca6e5512..0e8e21bad 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvmemp.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvmemp.cpp
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
-#include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvmemp.h"
 
 namespace Service::Nvidia {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.cpp
index 5344441e1..570aa8493 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.cpp
@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <boost/optional.hpp>
 
 #include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/microprofile.h"
 #include "common/scope_exit.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@ NVFlinger::NVFlinger() {
 
     // Schedule the screen composition events
     composition_event =
-        CoreTiming::RegisterEvent("ScreenCompositioin", [this](u64 userdata, int cycles_late) {
+        CoreTiming::RegisterEvent("ScreenComposition", [this](u64 userdata, int cycles_late) {
             Compose();
             CoreTiming::ScheduleEvent(frame_ticks - cycles_late, composition_event);
         });
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@ NVFlinger::~NVFlinger() {
     CoreTiming::UnscheduleEvent(composition_event, 0);
 }
 
-u64 NVFlinger::OpenDisplay(const std::string& name) {
+u64 NVFlinger::OpenDisplay(std::string_view name) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service, "Opening display {}", name);
 
     // TODO(Subv): Currently we only support the Default display.
@@ -127,9 +130,11 @@ void NVFlinger::Compose() {
         MicroProfileFlip();
 
         if (buffer == boost::none) {
+            auto& system_instance = Core::System::GetInstance();
+
             // There was no queued buffer to draw, render previous frame
-            Core::System::GetInstance().perf_stats.EndGameFrame();
-            VideoCore::g_renderer->SwapBuffers({});
+            system_instance.perf_stats.EndGameFrame();
+            system_instance.Renderer().SwapBuffers({});
             continue;
         }
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.h
index 2c908297b..5374df175 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.h
@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
-#include <boost/optional.hpp>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/event.h"
 
 namespace CoreTiming {
@@ -41,7 +45,7 @@ public:
     ~NVFlinger();
 
     /// Opens the specified display and returns the id.
-    u64 OpenDisplay(const std::string& name);
+    u64 OpenDisplay(std::string_view name);
 
     /// Creates a layer on the specified display and returns the layer id.
     u64 CreateLayer(u64 display_id);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/service.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/service.cpp
index 61e0c34a0..889cdd41a 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/service.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/service.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/am/am.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/aoc/aoc_u.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/apm/apm.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/arp/arp.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/audio/audio.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/bcat/bcat.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/bpc/bpc.h"
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/spl/module.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/ssl/ssl.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/time/time.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/usb/usb.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/vi/vi.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/wlan/wlan.h"
 
@@ -207,6 +209,7 @@ void Init(std::shared_ptr<SM::ServiceManager>& sm) {
     AM::InstallInterfaces(*sm, nv_flinger);
     AOC::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
     APM::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
+    ARP::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
     Audio::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
     BCAT::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
     BPC::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
@@ -247,6 +250,7 @@ void Init(std::shared_ptr<SM::ServiceManager>& sm) {
     SPL::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
     SSL::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
     Time::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
+    USB::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
     VI::InstallInterfaces(*sm, nv_flinger);
     WLAN::InstallInterfaces(*sm);
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/time/time.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/time/time.cpp
index 37b58bb77..2172c681b 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/time/time.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/time/time.cpp
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ public:
             {5, nullptr, "GetTimeZoneRuleVersion"},
             {100, &ITimeZoneService::ToCalendarTime, "ToCalendarTime"},
             {101, &ITimeZoneService::ToCalendarTimeWithMyRule, "ToCalendarTimeWithMyRule"},
-            {200, nullptr, "ToPosixTime"},
-            {201, nullptr, "ToPosixTimeWithMyRule"},
+            {201, nullptr, "ToPosixTime"},
+            {202, nullptr, "ToPosixTimeWithMyRule"},
         };
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
     }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/usb/usb.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/usb/usb.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7fb5a419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/usb/usb.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/service.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/sm/sm.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/usb/usb.h"
+
+namespace Service::USB {
+
+class IDsInterface final : public ServiceFramework<IDsInterface> {
+public:
+    explicit IDsInterface() : ServiceFramework{"IDsInterface"} {
+        // clang-format off
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, nullptr, "GetDsEndpoint"},
+            {1, nullptr, "GetSetupEvent"},
+            {2, nullptr, "Unknown"},
+            {3, nullptr, "EnableInterface"},
+            {4, nullptr, "DisableInterface"},
+            {5, nullptr, "CtrlInPostBufferAsync"},
+            {6, nullptr, "CtrlOutPostBufferAsync"},
+            {7, nullptr, "GetCtrlInCompletionEvent"},
+            {8, nullptr, "GetCtrlInReportData"},
+            {9, nullptr, "GetCtrlOutCompletionEvent"},
+            {10, nullptr, "GetCtrlOutReportData"},
+            {11, nullptr, "StallCtrl"},
+            {12, nullptr, "AppendConfigurationData"},
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+};
+
+class USB_DS final : public ServiceFramework<USB_DS> {
+public:
+    explicit USB_DS() : ServiceFramework{"usb:ds"} {
+        // clang-format off
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, nullptr, "BindDevice"},
+            {1, nullptr, "BindClientProcess"},
+            {2, nullptr, "GetDsInterface"},
+            {3, nullptr, "GetStateChangeEvent"},
+            {4, nullptr, "GetState"},
+            {5, nullptr, "ClearDeviceData"},
+            {6, nullptr, "AddUsbStringDescriptor"},
+            {7, nullptr, "DeleteUsbStringDescriptor"},
+            {8, nullptr, "SetUsbDeviceDescriptor"},
+            {9, nullptr, "SetBinaryObjectStore"},
+            {10, nullptr, "Enable"},
+            {11, nullptr, "Disable"},
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+};
+
+class IClientEpSession final : public ServiceFramework<IClientEpSession> {
+public:
+    explicit IClientEpSession() : ServiceFramework{"IClientEpSession"} {
+        // clang-format off
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, nullptr, "Unknown1"},
+            {1, nullptr, "Unknown2"},
+            {2, nullptr, "Unknown3"},
+            {3, nullptr, "Unknown4"},
+            {4, nullptr, "PostBufferAsync"},
+            {5, nullptr, "Unknown5"},
+            {6, nullptr, "Unknown6"},
+            {7, nullptr, "Unknown7"},
+            {8, nullptr, "Unknown8"},
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+};
+
+class IClientIfSession final : public ServiceFramework<IClientIfSession> {
+public:
+    explicit IClientIfSession() : ServiceFramework{"IClientIfSession"} {
+        // clang-format off
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, nullptr, "Unknown1"},
+            {1, nullptr, "Unknown2"},
+            {2, nullptr, "Unknown3"},
+            {3, nullptr, "Unknown4"},
+            {4, nullptr, "Unknown5"},
+            {5, nullptr, "CtrlXferAsync"},
+            {6, nullptr, "Unknown6"},
+            {7, nullptr, "GetCtrlXferReport"},
+            {8, nullptr, "Unknown7"},
+            {9, nullptr, "GetClientEpSession"},
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+};
+
+class USB_HS final : public ServiceFramework<USB_HS> {
+public:
+    explicit USB_HS() : ServiceFramework{"usb:hs"} {
+        // clang-format off
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, nullptr, "BindClientProcess"},
+            {1, nullptr, "Unknown1"},
+            {2, nullptr, "Unknown2"},
+            {3, nullptr, "Unknown3"},
+            {4, nullptr, "Unknown4"},
+            {5, nullptr, "Unknown5"},
+            {6, nullptr, "GetInterfaceStateChangeEvent"},
+            {7, nullptr, "GetClientIfSession"},
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+};
+
+class IPdSession final : public ServiceFramework<IPdSession> {
+public:
+    explicit IPdSession() : ServiceFramework{"IPdSession"} {
+        // clang-format off
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, nullptr, "BindNoticeEvent"},
+            {1, nullptr, "Unknown1"},
+            {2, nullptr, "GetStatus"},
+            {3, nullptr, "GetNotice"},
+            {4, nullptr, "Unknown2"},
+            {5, nullptr, "Unknown3"},
+            {6, nullptr, "ReplyPowerRequest"},
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+};
+
+class USB_PD final : public ServiceFramework<USB_PD> {
+public:
+    explicit USB_PD() : ServiceFramework{"usb:pd"} {
+        // clang-format off
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, &USB_PD::GetPdSession, "GetPdSession"},
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+
+private:
+    void GetPdSession(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
+        rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IPdSession>();
+
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_USB, "called");
+    }
+};
+
+class IPdCradleSession final : public ServiceFramework<IPdCradleSession> {
+public:
+    explicit IPdCradleSession() : ServiceFramework{"IPdCradleSession"} {
+        // clang-format off
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, nullptr, "VdmUserWrite"},
+            {1, nullptr, "VdmUserRead"},
+            {2, nullptr, "Vdm20Init"},
+            {3, nullptr, "GetFwType"},
+            {4, nullptr, "GetFwRevision"},
+            {5, nullptr, "GetManufacturerId"},
+            {6, nullptr, "GetDeviceId"},
+            {7, nullptr, "Unknown1"},
+            {8, nullptr, "Unknown2"},
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+};
+
+class USB_PD_C final : public ServiceFramework<USB_PD_C> {
+public:
+    explicit USB_PD_C() : ServiceFramework{"usb:pd:c"} {
+        // clang-format off
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, &USB_PD_C::GetPdCradleSession, "GetPdCradleSession"},
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+
+private:
+    void GetPdCradleSession(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
+        rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IPdCradleSession>();
+
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_USB, "called");
+    }
+};
+
+class USB_PM final : public ServiceFramework<USB_PM> {
+public:
+    explicit USB_PM() : ServiceFramework{"usb:pm"} {
+        // clang-format off
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, nullptr, "Unknown1"},
+            {1, nullptr, "Unknown2"},
+            {2, nullptr, "Unknown3"},
+            {3, nullptr, "Unknown4"},
+            {4, nullptr, "Unknown5"},
+            {5, nullptr, "Unknown6"},
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+};
+
+void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& sm) {
+    std::make_shared<USB_DS>()->InstallAsService(sm);
+    std::make_shared<USB_HS>()->InstallAsService(sm);
+    std::make_shared<USB_PD>()->InstallAsService(sm);
+    std::make_shared<USB_PD_C>()->InstallAsService(sm);
+    std::make_shared<USB_PM>()->InstallAsService(sm);
+}
+
+} // namespace Service::USB
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/usb/usb.h b/src/core/hle/service/usb/usb.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..970a11fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/usb/usb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace Service::SM {
+class ServiceManager;
+}
+
+namespace Service::USB {
+
+void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& sm);
+
+} // namespace Service::USB
diff --git a/src/core/loader/deconstructed_rom_directory.cpp b/src/core/loader/deconstructed_rom_directory.cpp
index b0277a875..9a8cdd0ff 100644
--- a/src/core/loader/deconstructed_rom_directory.cpp
+++ b/src/core/loader/deconstructed_rom_directory.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ namespace Loader {
 AppLoader_DeconstructedRomDirectory::AppLoader_DeconstructedRomDirectory(FileSys::VirtualFile file)
     : AppLoader(std::move(file)) {}
 
+AppLoader_DeconstructedRomDirectory::AppLoader_DeconstructedRomDirectory(
+    FileSys::VirtualDir directory)
+    : AppLoader(directory->GetFile("main")), dir(std::move(directory)) {}
+
 FileType AppLoader_DeconstructedRomDirectory::IdentifyType(const FileSys::VirtualFile& file) {
     if (FileSys::IsDirectoryExeFS(file->GetContainingDirectory())) {
         return FileType::DeconstructedRomDirectory;
@@ -34,7 +38,12 @@ ResultStatus AppLoader_DeconstructedRomDirectory::Load(
         return ResultStatus::ErrorAlreadyLoaded;
     }
 
-    const FileSys::VirtualDir dir = file->GetContainingDirectory();
+    if (dir == nullptr) {
+        if (file == nullptr)
+            return ResultStatus::ErrorInvalidFormat;
+        dir = file->GetContainingDirectory();
+    }
+
     const FileSys::VirtualFile npdm = dir->GetFile("main.npdm");
     if (npdm == nullptr)
         return ResultStatus::ErrorInvalidFormat;
diff --git a/src/core/loader/deconstructed_rom_directory.h b/src/core/loader/deconstructed_rom_directory.h
index 7319ba6ea..7d5433563 100644
--- a/src/core/loader/deconstructed_rom_directory.h
+++ b/src/core/loader/deconstructed_rom_directory.h
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ class AppLoader_DeconstructedRomDirectory final : public AppLoader {
 public:
     explicit AppLoader_DeconstructedRomDirectory(FileSys::VirtualFile main_file);
 
+    // Overload to accept exefs directory. Must contain 'main' and 'main.npdm'
+    explicit AppLoader_DeconstructedRomDirectory(FileSys::VirtualDir directory);
+
     /**
      * Returns the type of the file
      * @param file std::shared_ptr<VfsFile> open file
@@ -40,6 +43,7 @@ public:
 private:
     FileSys::ProgramMetadata metadata;
     FileSys::VirtualFile romfs;
+    FileSys::VirtualDir dir;
 };
 
 } // namespace Loader
diff --git a/src/core/loader/nca.cpp b/src/core/loader/nca.cpp
index a1f8235d1..dbc67c0b5 100644
--- a/src/core/loader/nca.cpp
+++ b/src/core/loader/nca.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
 
 namespace Loader {
 
-AppLoader_NCA::AppLoader_NCA(FileSys::VirtualFile file) : AppLoader(std::move(file)) {}
+AppLoader_NCA::AppLoader_NCA(FileSys::VirtualFile file_)
+    : AppLoader(std::move(file_)), nca(std::make_unique<FileSys::NCA>(file)) {}
 
 FileType AppLoader_NCA::IdentifyType(const FileSys::VirtualFile& file) {
     FileSys::NCA nca(file);
@@ -39,8 +40,7 @@ ResultStatus AppLoader_NCA::Load(Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Process>& process) {
         return ResultStatus::ErrorAlreadyLoaded;
     }
 
-    nca = std::make_unique<FileSys::NCA>(file);
-    ResultStatus result = nca->GetStatus();
+    const auto result = nca->GetStatus();
     if (result != ResultStatus::Success) {
         return result;
     }
@@ -48,44 +48,16 @@ ResultStatus AppLoader_NCA::Load(Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Process>& process) {
     if (nca->GetType() != FileSys::NCAContentType::Program)
         return ResultStatus::ErrorInvalidFormat;
 
-    auto exefs = nca->GetExeFS();
+    const auto exefs = nca->GetExeFS();
 
     if (exefs == nullptr)
         return ResultStatus::ErrorInvalidFormat;
 
-    result = metadata.Load(exefs->GetFile("main.npdm"));
-    if (result != ResultStatus::Success) {
-        return result;
-    }
-    metadata.Print();
-
-    const FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType arch_bits{metadata.GetAddressSpaceType()};
-    if (arch_bits == FileSys::ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is32Bit) {
-        return ResultStatus::ErrorUnsupportedArch;
-    }
-
-    VAddr next_load_addr{Memory::PROCESS_IMAGE_VADDR};
-    for (const auto& module : {"rtld", "main", "subsdk0", "subsdk1", "subsdk2", "subsdk3",
-                               "subsdk4", "subsdk5", "subsdk6", "subsdk7", "sdk"}) {
-        const VAddr load_addr = next_load_addr;
-
-        next_load_addr = AppLoader_NSO::LoadModule(exefs->GetFile(module), load_addr);
-        if (next_load_addr) {
-            LOG_DEBUG(Loader, "loaded module {} @ 0x{:X}", module, load_addr);
-            // Register module with GDBStub
-            GDBStub::RegisterModule(module, load_addr, next_load_addr - 1, false);
-        } else {
-            next_load_addr = load_addr;
-        }
-    }
+    directory_loader = std::make_unique<AppLoader_DeconstructedRomDirectory>(exefs);
 
-    process->program_id = metadata.GetTitleID();
-    process->svc_access_mask.set();
-    process->address_mappings = default_address_mappings;
-    process->resource_limit =
-        Kernel::ResourceLimit::GetForCategory(Kernel::ResourceLimitCategory::APPLICATION);
-    process->Run(Memory::PROCESS_IMAGE_VADDR, metadata.GetMainThreadPriority(),
-                 metadata.GetMainThreadStackSize());
+    const auto load_result = directory_loader->Load(process);
+    if (load_result != ResultStatus::Success)
+        return load_result;
 
     if (nca->GetRomFS() != nullptr && nca->GetRomFS()->GetSize() > 0)
         Service::FileSystem::RegisterRomFS(std::make_unique<FileSys::RomFSFactory>(*this));
diff --git a/src/core/loader/nca.h b/src/core/loader/nca.h
index e14d618b3..0fd2d0417 100644
--- a/src/core/loader/nca.h
+++ b/src/core/loader/nca.h
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "core/file_sys/program_metadata.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
 #include "core/loader/loader.h"
+#include "deconstructed_rom_directory.h"
 
 namespace Loader {
 
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ private:
     FileSys::ProgramMetadata metadata;
 
     std::unique_ptr<FileSys::NCA> nca;
+    std::unique_ptr<AppLoader_DeconstructedRomDirectory> directory_loader;
 };
 
 } // namespace Loader
diff --git a/src/core/memory.cpp b/src/core/memory.cpp
index 4b3bb7b31..1133bcbaf 100644
--- a/src/core/memory.cpp
+++ b/src/core/memory.cpp
@@ -326,43 +326,45 @@ void RasterizerMarkRegionCached(Tegra::GPUVAddr gpu_addr, u64 size, bool cached)
 }
 
 void RasterizerFlushVirtualRegion(VAddr start, u64 size, FlushMode mode) {
+    auto& system_instance = Core::System::GetInstance();
+
     // Since pages are unmapped on shutdown after video core is shutdown, the renderer may be
     // null here
-    if (VideoCore::g_renderer == nullptr) {
+    if (!system_instance.IsPoweredOn()) {
         return;
     }
 
     VAddr end = start + size;
 
-    auto CheckRegion = [&](VAddr region_start, VAddr region_end) {
+    const auto CheckRegion = [&](VAddr region_start, VAddr region_end) {
         if (start >= region_end || end <= region_start) {
             // No overlap with region
             return;
         }
 
-        VAddr overlap_start = std::max(start, region_start);
-        VAddr overlap_end = std::min(end, region_end);
+        const VAddr overlap_start = std::max(start, region_start);
+        const VAddr overlap_end = std::min(end, region_end);
 
-        std::vector<Tegra::GPUVAddr> gpu_addresses =
-            Core::System::GetInstance().GPU().memory_manager->CpuToGpuAddress(overlap_start);
+        const std::vector<Tegra::GPUVAddr> gpu_addresses =
+            system_instance.GPU().memory_manager->CpuToGpuAddress(overlap_start);
 
         if (gpu_addresses.empty()) {
             return;
         }
 
-        u64 overlap_size = overlap_end - overlap_start;
+        const u64 overlap_size = overlap_end - overlap_start;
 
         for (const auto& gpu_address : gpu_addresses) {
-            auto* rasterizer = VideoCore::g_renderer->Rasterizer();
+            auto& rasterizer = system_instance.Renderer().Rasterizer();
             switch (mode) {
             case FlushMode::Flush:
-                rasterizer->FlushRegion(gpu_address, overlap_size);
+                rasterizer.FlushRegion(gpu_address, overlap_size);
                 break;
             case FlushMode::Invalidate:
-                rasterizer->InvalidateRegion(gpu_address, overlap_size);
+                rasterizer.InvalidateRegion(gpu_address, overlap_size);
                 break;
             case FlushMode::FlushAndInvalidate:
-                rasterizer->FlushAndInvalidateRegion(gpu_address, overlap_size);
+                rasterizer.FlushAndInvalidateRegion(gpu_address, overlap_size);
                 break;
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/core/memory.h b/src/core/memory.h
index b5d885b8a..b7fb3b9ed 100644
--- a/src/core/memory.h
+++ b/src/core/memory.h
@@ -140,10 +140,10 @@ void SetCurrentPageTable(PageTable* page_table);
 PageTable* GetCurrentPageTable();
 
 /// Determines if the given VAddr is valid for the specified process.
-bool IsValidVirtualAddress(const Kernel::Process& process, const VAddr vaddr);
-bool IsValidVirtualAddress(const VAddr addr);
+bool IsValidVirtualAddress(const Kernel::Process& process, VAddr vaddr);
+bool IsValidVirtualAddress(VAddr vaddr);
 /// Determines if the given VAddr is a kernel address
-bool IsKernelVirtualAddress(const VAddr addr);
+bool IsKernelVirtualAddress(VAddr vaddr);
 
 u8 Read8(VAddr addr);
 u16 Read16(VAddr addr);
@@ -155,18 +155,17 @@ void Write16(VAddr addr, u16 data);
 void Write32(VAddr addr, u32 data);
 void Write64(VAddr addr, u64 data);
 
-void ReadBlock(const Kernel::Process& process, const VAddr src_addr, void* dest_buffer,
-               size_t size);
-void ReadBlock(const VAddr src_addr, void* dest_buffer, size_t size);
-void WriteBlock(const Kernel::Process& process, const VAddr dest_addr, const void* src_buffer,
+void ReadBlock(const Kernel::Process& process, VAddr src_addr, void* dest_buffer, size_t size);
+void ReadBlock(VAddr src_addr, void* dest_buffer, size_t size);
+void WriteBlock(const Kernel::Process& process, VAddr dest_addr, const void* src_buffer,
                 size_t size);
-void WriteBlock(const VAddr dest_addr, const void* src_buffer, size_t size);
-void ZeroBlock(const VAddr dest_addr, const size_t size);
+void WriteBlock(VAddr dest_addr, const void* src_buffer, size_t size);
+void ZeroBlock(const Kernel::Process& process, VAddr dest_addr, size_t size);
 void CopyBlock(VAddr dest_addr, VAddr src_addr, size_t size);
 
-u8* GetPointer(VAddr virtual_address);
+u8* GetPointer(VAddr vaddr);
 
-std::string ReadCString(VAddr virtual_address, std::size_t max_length);
+std::string ReadCString(VAddr vaddr, std::size_t max_length);
 
 enum class FlushMode {
     /// Write back modified surfaces to RAM
@@ -180,7 +179,7 @@ enum class FlushMode {
 /**
  * Mark each page touching the region as cached.
  */
-void RasterizerMarkRegionCached(Tegra::GPUVAddr start, u64 size, bool cached);
+void RasterizerMarkRegionCached(Tegra::GPUVAddr gpu_addr, u64 size, bool cached);
 
 /**
  * Flushes and invalidates any externally cached rasterizer resources touching the given virtual
diff --git a/src/core/perf_stats.cpp b/src/core/perf_stats.cpp
index 5f53b16d3..8e09b9b63 100644
--- a/src/core/perf_stats.cpp
+++ b/src/core/perf_stats.cpp
@@ -40,22 +40,21 @@ void PerfStats::EndGameFrame() {
     game_frames += 1;
 }
 
-PerfStats::Results PerfStats::GetAndResetStats(u64 current_system_time_us) {
+PerfStats::Results PerfStats::GetAndResetStats(microseconds current_system_time_us) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(object_mutex);
 
-    auto now = Clock::now();
+    const auto now = Clock::now();
     // Walltime elapsed since stats were reset
-    auto interval = duration_cast<DoubleSecs>(now - reset_point).count();
+    const auto interval = duration_cast<DoubleSecs>(now - reset_point).count();
 
-    auto system_us_per_second =
-        static_cast<double>(current_system_time_us - reset_point_system_us) / interval;
+    const auto system_us_per_second = (current_system_time_us - reset_point_system_us) / interval;
 
     Results results{};
     results.system_fps = static_cast<double>(system_frames) / interval;
     results.game_fps = static_cast<double>(game_frames) / interval;
     results.frametime = duration_cast<DoubleSecs>(accumulated_frametime).count() /
                         static_cast<double>(system_frames);
-    results.emulation_speed = system_us_per_second / 1'000'000.0;
+    results.emulation_speed = system_us_per_second.count() / 1'000'000.0;
 
     // Reset counters
     reset_point = now;
@@ -74,10 +73,10 @@ double PerfStats::GetLastFrameTimeScale() {
     return duration_cast<DoubleSecs>(previous_frame_length).count() / FRAME_LENGTH;
 }
 
-void FrameLimiter::DoFrameLimiting(u64 current_system_time_us) {
+void FrameLimiter::DoFrameLimiting(microseconds current_system_time_us) {
     // Max lag caused by slow frames. Can be adjusted to compensate for too many slow frames. Higher
     // values increase the time needed to recover and limit framerate again after spikes.
-    constexpr microseconds MAX_LAG_TIME_US = 25ms;
+    constexpr microseconds MAX_LAG_TIME_US = 25us;
 
     if (!Settings::values.toggle_framelimit) {
         return;
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ void FrameLimiter::DoFrameLimiting(u64 current_system_time_us) {
 
     auto now = Clock::now();
 
-    frame_limiting_delta_err += microseconds(current_system_time_us - previous_system_time_us);
+    frame_limiting_delta_err += current_system_time_us - previous_system_time_us;
     frame_limiting_delta_err -= duration_cast<microseconds>(now - previous_walltime);
     frame_limiting_delta_err =
         std::clamp(frame_limiting_delta_err, -MAX_LAG_TIME_US, MAX_LAG_TIME_US);
diff --git a/src/core/perf_stats.h b/src/core/perf_stats.h
index 362b205c8..6e4619701 100644
--- a/src/core/perf_stats.h
+++ b/src/core/perf_stats.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public:
     void EndSystemFrame();
     void EndGameFrame();
 
-    Results GetAndResetStats(u64 current_system_time_us);
+    Results GetAndResetStats(std::chrono::microseconds current_system_time_us);
 
     /**
      * Gets the ratio between walltime and the emulated time of the previous system frame. This is
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ private:
     /// Point when the cumulative counters were reset
     Clock::time_point reset_point = Clock::now();
     /// System time when the cumulative counters were reset
-    u64 reset_point_system_us = 0;
+    std::chrono::microseconds reset_point_system_us{0};
 
     /// Cumulative duration (excluding v-sync/frame-limiting) of frames since last reset
     Clock::duration accumulated_frametime = Clock::duration::zero();
@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ class FrameLimiter {
 public:
     using Clock = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;
 
-    void DoFrameLimiting(u64 current_system_time_us);
+    void DoFrameLimiting(std::chrono::microseconds current_system_time_us);
 
 private:
     /// Emulated system time (in microseconds) at the last limiter invocation
-    u64 previous_system_time_us = 0;
+    std::chrono::microseconds previous_system_time_us{0};
     /// Walltime at the last limiter invocation
     Clock::time_point previous_walltime = Clock::now();
 
diff --git a/src/core/settings.cpp b/src/core/settings.cpp
index 79e0b347b..a4623223d 100644
--- a/src/core/settings.cpp
+++ b/src/core/settings.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/hid/hid.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
@@ -19,8 +20,9 @@ void Apply() {
 
     VideoCore::g_toggle_framelimit_enabled = values.toggle_framelimit;
 
-    if (VideoCore::g_renderer) {
-        VideoCore::g_renderer->UpdateCurrentFramebufferLayout();
+    auto& system_instance = Core::System::GetInstance();
+    if (system_instance.IsPoweredOn()) {
+        system_instance.Renderer().UpdateCurrentFramebufferLayout();
     }
 
     Service::HID::ReloadInputDevices();
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.cpp b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.cpp
index 0e205ed72..5c0ae8009 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.cpp
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ namespace Engines {
 /// First register id that is actually a Macro call.
 constexpr u32 MacroRegistersStart = 0xE00;
 
-Maxwell3D::Maxwell3D(MemoryManager& memory_manager)
-    : memory_manager(memory_manager), macro_interpreter(*this) {}
+Maxwell3D::Maxwell3D(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, MemoryManager& memory_manager)
+    : memory_manager(memory_manager), rasterizer{rasterizer}, macro_interpreter(*this) {}
 
 void Maxwell3D::CallMacroMethod(u32 method, std::vector<u32> parameters) {
     auto macro_code = uploaded_macros.find(method);
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ void Maxwell3D::WriteReg(u32 method, u32 value, u32 remaining_params) {
         break;
     }
 
-    VideoCore::g_renderer->Rasterizer()->NotifyMaxwellRegisterChanged(method);
+    rasterizer.NotifyMaxwellRegisterChanged(method);
 
     if (debug_context) {
         debug_context->OnEvent(Tegra::DebugContext::Event::MaxwellCommandProcessed, nullptr);
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ void Maxwell3D::DrawArrays() {
     }
 
     const bool is_indexed{regs.index_array.count && !regs.vertex_buffer.count};
-    VideoCore::g_renderer->Rasterizer()->AccelerateDrawBatch(is_indexed);
+    rasterizer.AccelerateDrawBatch(is_indexed);
 
     // TODO(bunnei): Below, we reset vertex count so that we can use these registers to determine if
     // the game is trying to draw indexed or direct mode. This needs to be verified on HW still -
@@ -285,8 +285,6 @@ Texture::TICEntry Maxwell3D::GetTICEntry(u32 tic_index) const {
 
     // TODO(Subv): Different data types for separate components are not supported
     ASSERT(r_type == g_type && r_type == b_type && r_type == a_type);
-    // TODO(Subv): Only UNORM formats are supported for now.
-    ASSERT(r_type == Texture::ComponentType::UNORM);
 
     return tic_entry;
 }
@@ -393,7 +391,7 @@ void Maxwell3D::ProcessClearBuffers() {
            regs.clear_buffers.R == regs.clear_buffers.B &&
            regs.clear_buffers.R == regs.clear_buffers.A);
 
-    VideoCore::g_renderer->Rasterizer()->Clear();
+    rasterizer.Clear();
 }
 
 } // namespace Engines
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h
index 3c32f1067..4d0ff96a5 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@
 #include "video_core/memory_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/textures/texture.h"
 
+namespace VideoCore {
+class RasterizerInterface;
+}
+
 namespace Tegra::Engines {
 
 #define MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(field_name)                                                            \
@@ -24,7 +28,7 @@ namespace Tegra::Engines {
 
 class Maxwell3D final {
 public:
-    explicit Maxwell3D(MemoryManager& memory_manager);
+    explicit Maxwell3D(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, MemoryManager& memory_manager);
     ~Maxwell3D() = default;
 
     /// Register structure of the Maxwell3D engine.
@@ -818,6 +822,8 @@ public:
     Texture::FullTextureInfo GetStageTexture(Regs::ShaderStage stage, size_t offset) const;
 
 private:
+    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
+
     std::unordered_map<u32, std::vector<u32>> uploaded_macros;
 
     /// Macro method that is currently being executed / being fed parameters.
diff --git a/src/video_core/gpu.cpp b/src/video_core/gpu.cpp
index 141e20444..b2a83ce0b 100644
--- a/src/video_core/gpu.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/gpu.cpp
@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_compute.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_dma.h"
 #include "video_core/gpu.h"
+#include "video_core/rasterizer_interface.h"
 
 namespace Tegra {
 
-GPU::GPU() {
+GPU::GPU(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer) {
     memory_manager = std::make_unique<MemoryManager>();
-    maxwell_3d = std::make_unique<Engines::Maxwell3D>(*memory_manager);
+    maxwell_3d = std::make_unique<Engines::Maxwell3D>(rasterizer, *memory_manager);
     fermi_2d = std::make_unique<Engines::Fermi2D>(*memory_manager);
     maxwell_compute = std::make_unique<Engines::MaxwellCompute>();
     maxwell_dma = std::make_unique<Engines::MaxwellDMA>(*memory_manager);
diff --git a/src/video_core/gpu.h b/src/video_core/gpu.h
index 08aa75503..440505c9d 100644
--- a/src/video_core/gpu.h
+++ b/src/video_core/gpu.h
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue.h"
 #include "video_core/memory_manager.h"
 
+namespace VideoCore {
+class RasterizerInterface;
+}
+
 namespace Tegra {
 
 enum class RenderTargetFormat : u32 {
@@ -98,7 +102,7 @@ enum class EngineID {
 
 class GPU final {
 public:
-    GPU();
+    explicit GPU(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer);
     ~GPU();
 
     /// Processes a command list stored at the specified address in GPU memory.
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_base.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_base.cpp
index dbe3edf09..3ca350243 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_base.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_base.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include "video_core/renderer_base.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h"
 
+namespace VideoCore {
+
 RendererBase::RendererBase(EmuWindow& window) : render_window{window} {}
 RendererBase::~RendererBase() = default;
 
@@ -21,3 +23,5 @@ void RendererBase::RefreshRasterizerSetting() {
         rasterizer = std::make_unique<RasterizerOpenGL>(render_window);
     }
 }
+
+} // namespace VideoCore
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_base.h b/src/video_core/renderer_base.h
index 1cb161b7f..235de23a1 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_base.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_base.h
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 
 class EmuWindow;
 
+namespace VideoCore {
+
 class RendererBase : NonCopyable {
 public:
     /// Used to reference a framebuffer
@@ -44,15 +46,21 @@ public:
         return m_current_frame;
     }
 
-    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface* Rasterizer() const {
-        return rasterizer.get();
+    RasterizerInterface& Rasterizer() {
+        return *rasterizer;
+    }
+
+    const RasterizerInterface& Rasterizer() const {
+        return *rasterizer;
     }
 
     void RefreshRasterizerSetting();
 
 protected:
     EmuWindow& render_window; ///< Reference to the render window handle.
-    std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RasterizerInterface> rasterizer;
+    std::unique_ptr<RasterizerInterface> rasterizer;
     f32 m_current_fps = 0.0f; ///< Current framerate, should be set by the renderer
     int m_current_frame = 0;  ///< Current frame, should be set by the renderer
 };
+
+} // namespace VideoCore
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
index 6555db5bb..c2a931469 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
@@ -169,8 +169,14 @@ std::pair<u8*, GLintptr> RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexArrays(u8* array_ptr,
         ASSERT(buffer.IsEnabled());
 
         glEnableVertexAttribArray(index);
-        glVertexAttribFormat(index, attrib.ComponentCount(), MaxwellToGL::VertexType(attrib),
-                             attrib.IsNormalized() ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE, attrib.offset);
+        if (attrib.type == Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::VertexAttribute::Type::SignedInt ||
+            attrib.type == Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::VertexAttribute::Type::UnsignedInt) {
+            glVertexAttribIFormat(index, attrib.ComponentCount(), MaxwellToGL::VertexType(attrib),
+                                  attrib.offset);
+        } else {
+            glVertexAttribFormat(index, attrib.ComponentCount(), MaxwellToGL::VertexType(attrib),
+                                 attrib.IsNormalized() ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE, attrib.offset);
+        }
         glVertexAttribBinding(index, attrib.buffer);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.cpp
index c8f0c4e28..257aa9571 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ struct FormatTuple {
     params.height = Common::AlignUp(config.tic.Height(), GetCompressionFactor(params.pixel_format));
     params.unaligned_height = config.tic.Height();
     params.size_in_bytes = params.SizeInBytes();
+    params.cache_width = Common::AlignUp(params.width, 16);
+    params.cache_height = Common::AlignUp(params.height, 16);
     return params;
 }
 
@@ -63,6 +65,8 @@ struct FormatTuple {
     params.height = config.height;
     params.unaligned_height = config.height;
     params.size_in_bytes = params.SizeInBytes();
+    params.cache_width = Common::AlignUp(params.width, 16);
+    params.cache_height = Common::AlignUp(params.height, 16);
     return params;
 }
 
@@ -82,6 +86,8 @@ struct FormatTuple {
     params.height = zeta_height;
     params.unaligned_height = zeta_height;
     params.size_in_bytes = params.SizeInBytes();
+    params.cache_width = Common::AlignUp(params.width, 16);
+    params.cache_height = Common::AlignUp(params.height, 16);
     return params;
 }
 
@@ -680,12 +686,12 @@ Surface RasterizerCacheOpenGL::GetSurface(const SurfaceParams& params) {
             // If use_accurate_framebuffers is enabled, always load from memory
             FlushSurface(surface);
             UnregisterSurface(surface);
-        } else if (surface->GetSurfaceParams() != params) {
-            // If surface parameters changed, recreate the surface from the old one
-            return RecreateSurface(surface, params);
-        } else {
+        } else if (surface->GetSurfaceParams().IsCompatibleSurface(params)) {
             // Use the cached surface as-is
             return surface;
+        } else {
+            // If surface parameters changed, recreate the surface from the old one
+            return RecreateSurface(surface, params);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.h
index 4e1e18d9c..39fcf22b4 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 #include <boost/icl/interval_map.hpp>
+
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/math_util.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
@@ -546,6 +547,12 @@ struct SurfaceParams {
         return !operator==(other);
     }
 
+    /// Checks if surfaces are compatible for caching
+    bool IsCompatibleSurface(const SurfaceParams& other) const {
+        return std::tie(pixel_format, type, cache_width, cache_height) ==
+               std::tie(other.pixel_format, other.type, other.cache_width, other.cache_height);
+    }
+
     Tegra::GPUVAddr addr;
     bool is_tiled;
     u32 block_height;
@@ -556,6 +563,10 @@ struct SurfaceParams {
     u32 height;
     u32 unaligned_height;
     size_t size_in_bytes;
+
+    // Parameters used for caching only
+    u32 cache_width;
+    u32 cache_height;
 };
 
 class CachedSurface final {
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp
index 68db3c22a..e3217db81 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp
@@ -766,13 +766,16 @@ private:
         // goes into gpr28+0 and gpr28+1
         size_t texs_offset{};
 
+        size_t src_elem{};
         for (const auto& dest : {instr.gpr0.Value(), instr.gpr28.Value()}) {
+            size_t dest_elem{};
             for (unsigned elem = 0; elem < 2; ++elem) {
-                if (!instr.texs.IsComponentEnabled(elem)) {
+                if (!instr.texs.IsComponentEnabled(src_elem++)) {
                     // Skip disabled components
                     continue;
                 }
-                regs.SetRegisterToFloat(dest, elem + texs_offset, texture, 1, 4, false, elem);
+                regs.SetRegisterToFloat(dest, elem + texs_offset, texture, 1, 4, false,
+                                        dest_elem++);
             }
 
             if (!instr.texs.HasTwoDestinations()) {
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp
index 74383c7cf..bf9131193 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ ScopeAcquireGLContext::~ScopeAcquireGLContext() {
     }
 }
 
-RendererOpenGL::RendererOpenGL(EmuWindow& window) : RendererBase{window} {}
+RendererOpenGL::RendererOpenGL(EmuWindow& window) : VideoCore::RendererBase{window} {}
 RendererOpenGL::~RendererOpenGL() = default;
 
 /// Swap buffers (render frame)
@@ -160,8 +160,8 @@ void RendererOpenGL::LoadFBToScreenInfo(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuf
     // only allows rows to have a memory alignement of 4.
     ASSERT(framebuffer.stride % 4 == 0);
 
-    if (!Rasterizer()->AccelerateDisplay(framebuffer, framebuffer_addr, framebuffer.stride,
-                                         screen_info)) {
+    if (!rasterizer->AccelerateDisplay(framebuffer, framebuffer_addr, framebuffer.stride,
+                                       screen_info)) {
         // Reset the screen info's display texture to its own permanent texture
         screen_info.display_texture = screen_info.texture.resource.handle;
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h
index ab7de41c8..428afa3b7 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ private:
     EmuWindow& emu_window;
 };
 
-class RendererOpenGL : public RendererBase {
+class RendererOpenGL : public VideoCore::RendererBase {
 public:
     explicit RendererOpenGL(EmuWindow& window);
     ~RendererOpenGL() override;
diff --git a/src/video_core/video_core.cpp b/src/video_core/video_core.cpp
index 06b13e681..5085ef96b 100644
--- a/src/video_core/video_core.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/video_core.cpp
@@ -3,37 +3,16 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include <memory>
-#include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_base.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h"
 #include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Video Core namespace
-
 namespace VideoCore {
 
-std::unique_ptr<RendererBase> g_renderer; ///< Renderer plugin
-
 std::atomic<bool> g_toggle_framelimit_enabled;
 
-/// Initialize the video core
-bool Init(EmuWindow& emu_window) {
-    g_renderer = std::make_unique<RendererOpenGL>(emu_window);
-    if (g_renderer->Init()) {
-        LOG_DEBUG(Render, "initialized OK");
-    } else {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Render, "initialization failed !");
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-/// Shutdown the video core
-void Shutdown() {
-    g_renderer.reset();
-
-    LOG_DEBUG(Render, "shutdown OK");
+std::unique_ptr<RendererBase> CreateRenderer(EmuWindow& emu_window) {
+    return std::make_unique<RendererOpenGL>(emu_window);
 }
 
 } // namespace VideoCore
diff --git a/src/video_core/video_core.h b/src/video_core/video_core.h
index 519b757f5..7c01c0b8d 100644
--- a/src/video_core/video_core.h
+++ b/src/video_core/video_core.h
@@ -8,25 +8,23 @@
 #include <memory>
 
 class EmuWindow;
-class RendererBase;
-
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Video Core namespace
 
 namespace VideoCore {
 
-enum class Renderer { Software, OpenGL };
+class RendererBase;
 
-extern std::unique_ptr<RendererBase> g_renderer; ///< Renderer plugin
+enum class Renderer { Software, OpenGL };
 
 // TODO: Wrap these in a user settings struct along with any other graphics settings (often set from
 // qt ui)
 extern std::atomic<bool> g_toggle_framelimit_enabled;
 
-/// Initialize the video core
-bool Init(EmuWindow& emu_window);
-
-/// Shutdown the video core
-void Shutdown();
+/**
+ * Creates a renderer instance.
+ *
+ * @note The returned renderer instance is simply allocated. Its Init()
+ *       function still needs to be called to fully complete its setup.
+ */
+std::unique_ptr<RendererBase> CreateRenderer(EmuWindow& emu_window);
 
 } // namespace VideoCore
diff --git a/src/yuzu/about_dialog.cpp b/src/yuzu/about_dialog.cpp
index 39ed3bccf..a81ad2888 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/about_dialog.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/about_dialog.cpp
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ AboutDialog::AboutDialog(QWidget* parent) : QDialog(parent), ui(new Ui::AboutDia
                                        Common::g_scm_desc, QString(Common::g_build_date).left(10)));
 }
 
-AboutDialog::~AboutDialog() {}
+AboutDialog::~AboutDialog() = default;
diff --git a/src/yuzu/about_dialog.h b/src/yuzu/about_dialog.h
index 2eb6e28f5..18e8c11a7 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/about_dialog.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/about_dialog.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class AboutDialog : public QDialog {
 
 public:
     explicit AboutDialog(QWidget* parent);
-    ~AboutDialog();
+    ~AboutDialog() override;
 
 private:
     std::unique_ptr<Ui::AboutDialog> ui;
diff --git a/src/yuzu/bootmanager.h b/src/yuzu/bootmanager.h
index 130bc613b..d0f990c64 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/bootmanager.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/bootmanager.h
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class GRenderWindow : public QWidget, public EmuWindow {
 
 public:
     GRenderWindow(QWidget* parent, EmuThread* emu_thread);
-    ~GRenderWindow();
+    ~GRenderWindow() override;
 
     // EmuWindow implementation
     void SwapBuffers() override;
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_debug.cpp b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_debug.cpp
index 7fd07539a..45d84f19a 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_debug.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_debug.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ConfigureDebug::ConfigureDebug(QWidget* parent) : QWidget(parent), ui(new Ui::Co
     });
 }
 
-ConfigureDebug::~ConfigureDebug() {}
+ConfigureDebug::~ConfigureDebug() = default;
 
 void ConfigureDebug::setConfiguration() {
     ui->toggle_gdbstub->setChecked(Settings::values.use_gdbstub);
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_debug.ui b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_debug.ui
index 118e91cf1..5ae7276bd 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_debug.ui
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_debug.ui
@@ -23,13 +23,6 @@
        </property>
        <layout class="QVBoxLayout" name="verticalLayout_3">
         <item>
-         <widget class="QLabel" name="label_1">
-          <property name="text">
-           <string>The GDB Stub only works correctly when the CPU JIT is off.</string>
-          </property>
-         </widget>
-        </item>
-        <item>
          <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_1">
           <item>
            <widget class="QCheckBox" name="toggle_gdbstub">
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_dialog.cpp b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_dialog.cpp
index f66abf870..cc4b326ae 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_dialog.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_dialog.cpp
@@ -6,13 +6,16 @@
 #include "ui_configure.h"
 #include "yuzu/configuration/config.h"
 #include "yuzu/configuration/configure_dialog.h"
+#include "yuzu/hotkeys.h"
 
-ConfigureDialog::ConfigureDialog(QWidget* parent) : QDialog(parent), ui(new Ui::ConfigureDialog) {
+ConfigureDialog::ConfigureDialog(QWidget* parent, const HotkeyRegistry& registry)
+    : QDialog(parent), ui(new Ui::ConfigureDialog) {
     ui->setupUi(this);
+    ui->generalTab->PopulateHotkeyList(registry);
     this->setConfiguration();
 }
 
-ConfigureDialog::~ConfigureDialog() {}
+ConfigureDialog::~ConfigureDialog() = default;
 
 void ConfigureDialog::setConfiguration() {}
 
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_dialog.h b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_dialog.h
index 21fa1f501..bbbdacc29 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_dialog.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_dialog.h
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <QDialog>
 
+class HotkeyRegistry;
+
 namespace Ui {
 class ConfigureDialog;
 }
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ class ConfigureDialog : public QDialog {
     Q_OBJECT
 
 public:
-    explicit ConfigureDialog(QWidget* parent);
+    explicit ConfigureDialog(QWidget* parent, const HotkeyRegistry& registry);
     ~ConfigureDialog();
 
     void applyConfiguration();
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_general.cpp b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_general.cpp
index cb7d3f8bf..d8caee1e8 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_general.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_general.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ConfigureGeneral::ConfigureGeneral(QWidget* parent)
     ui->use_docked_mode->setEnabled(!Core::System::GetInstance().IsPoweredOn());
 }
 
-ConfigureGeneral::~ConfigureGeneral() {}
+ConfigureGeneral::~ConfigureGeneral() = default;
 
 void ConfigureGeneral::setConfiguration() {
     ui->toggle_deepscan->setChecked(UISettings::values.gamedir_deepscan);
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ void ConfigureGeneral::setConfiguration() {
     ui->use_docked_mode->setChecked(Settings::values.use_docked_mode);
 }
 
+void ConfigureGeneral::PopulateHotkeyList(const HotkeyRegistry& registry) {
+    ui->widget->Populate(registry);
+}
+
 void ConfigureGeneral::applyConfiguration() {
     UISettings::values.gamedir_deepscan = ui->toggle_deepscan->isChecked();
     UISettings::values.confirm_before_closing = ui->toggle_check_exit->isChecked();
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_general.h b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_general.h
index 447552d8c..4770034cc 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_general.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_general.h
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <QWidget>
 
+class HotkeyRegistry;
+
 namespace Ui {
 class ConfigureGeneral;
 }
@@ -18,11 +20,11 @@ public:
     explicit ConfigureGeneral(QWidget* parent = nullptr);
     ~ConfigureGeneral();
 
+    void PopulateHotkeyList(const HotkeyRegistry& registry);
     void applyConfiguration();
 
 private:
     void setConfiguration();
 
-private:
     std::unique_ptr<Ui::ConfigureGeneral> ui;
 };
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp
index 3379b7963..4afe0f81b 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ ConfigureGraphics::ConfigureGraphics(QWidget* parent)
     this->setConfiguration();
 }
 
-ConfigureGraphics::~ConfigureGraphics() {}
+ConfigureGraphics::~ConfigureGraphics() = default;
 
 enum class Resolution : int {
     Auto,
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_system.cpp b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_system.cpp
index 9be2c939c..e9ed9c38f 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_system.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_system.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ ConfigureSystem::ConfigureSystem(QWidget* parent) : QWidget(parent), ui(new Ui::
     this->setConfiguration();
 }
 
-ConfigureSystem::~ConfigureSystem() {}
+ConfigureSystem::~ConfigureSystem() = default;
 
 void ConfigureSystem::setConfiguration() {
     enabled = !Core::System::GetInstance().IsPoweredOn();
diff --git a/src/yuzu/debugger/graphics/graphics_surface.cpp b/src/yuzu/debugger/graphics/graphics_surface.cpp
index ff3efcdaa..3f7103ab9 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/debugger/graphics/graphics_surface.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/debugger/graphics/graphics_surface.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ static Tegra::Texture::TextureFormat ConvertToTextureFormat(
 
 SurfacePicture::SurfacePicture(QWidget* parent, GraphicsSurfaceWidget* surface_widget_)
     : QLabel(parent), surface_widget(surface_widget_) {}
-SurfacePicture::~SurfacePicture() {}
+
+SurfacePicture::~SurfacePicture() = default;
 
 void SurfacePicture::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* event) {
     // Only do something while the left mouse button is held down
diff --git a/src/yuzu/debugger/graphics/graphics_surface.h b/src/yuzu/debugger/graphics/graphics_surface.h
index 58f9db465..323e39d94 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/debugger/graphics/graphics_surface.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/debugger/graphics/graphics_surface.h
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ class SurfacePicture : public QLabel {
 public:
     explicit SurfacePicture(QWidget* parent = nullptr,
                             GraphicsSurfaceWidget* surface_widget = nullptr);
-    ~SurfacePicture();
+    ~SurfacePicture() override;
 
 protected slots:
-    virtual void mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent* event);
-    virtual void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* event);
+    void mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent* event) override;
+    void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* event) override;
 
 private:
     GraphicsSurfaceWidget* surface_widget;
diff --git a/src/yuzu/debugger/wait_tree.cpp b/src/yuzu/debugger/wait_tree.cpp
index f5a5697a0..d0926d723 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/debugger/wait_tree.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/debugger/wait_tree.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/timer.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/wait_object.h"
 
-WaitTreeItem::~WaitTreeItem() {}
+WaitTreeItem::~WaitTreeItem() = default;
 
 QColor WaitTreeItem::GetColor() const {
     return QColor(Qt::GlobalColor::black);
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ std::vector<std::unique_ptr<WaitTreeItem>> WaitTreeEvent::GetChildren() const {
 
     list.push_back(std::make_unique<WaitTreeText>(
         tr("reset type = %1")
-            .arg(GetResetTypeQString(static_cast<const Kernel::Event&>(object).reset_type))));
+            .arg(GetResetTypeQString(static_cast<const Kernel::Event&>(object).GetResetType()))));
     return list;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/yuzu/debugger/wait_tree.h b/src/yuzu/debugger/wait_tree.h
index 6cbce6856..513b3c45d 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/debugger/wait_tree.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/debugger/wait_tree.h
@@ -25,11 +25,13 @@ class WaitTreeThread;
 class WaitTreeItem : public QObject {
     Q_OBJECT
 public:
+    ~WaitTreeItem() override;
+
     virtual bool IsExpandable() const;
     virtual std::vector<std::unique_ptr<WaitTreeItem>> GetChildren() const;
     virtual QString GetText() const = 0;
     virtual QColor GetColor() const;
-    virtual ~WaitTreeItem();
+
     void Expand();
     WaitTreeItem* Parent() const;
     const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<WaitTreeItem>>& Children() const;
diff --git a/src/yuzu/game_list.cpp b/src/yuzu/game_list.cpp
index 71e24a9e2..24f38a3c7 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/game_list.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/game_list.cpp
@@ -162,15 +162,15 @@ void GameList::onTextChanged(const QString& newText) {
         }
         search_field->setFilterResult(rowCount, rowCount);
     } else {
-        QStandardItem* child_file;
-        QString file_path, file_name, file_title, file_programmid;
         int result_count = 0;
         for (int i = 0; i < rowCount; ++i) {
-            child_file = item_model->item(i, 0);
-            file_path = child_file->data(GameListItemPath::FullPathRole).toString().toLower();
-            file_name = file_path.mid(file_path.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
-            file_title = child_file->data(GameListItemPath::TitleRole).toString().toLower();
-            file_programmid =
+            const QStandardItem* child_file = item_model->item(i, 0);
+            const QString file_path =
+                child_file->data(GameListItemPath::FullPathRole).toString().toLower();
+            QString file_name = file_path.mid(file_path.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
+            const QString file_title =
+                child_file->data(GameListItemPath::TitleRole).toString().toLower();
+            const QString file_programmid =
                 child_file->data(GameListItemPath::ProgramIdRole).toString().toLower();
 
             // Only items which filename in combination with its title contains all words
@@ -258,18 +258,20 @@ void GameList::AddEntry(const QList<QStandardItem*>& entry_items) {
 
 void GameList::ValidateEntry(const QModelIndex& item) {
     // We don't care about the individual QStandardItem that was selected, but its row.
-    int row = item_model->itemFromIndex(item)->row();
-    QStandardItem* child_file = item_model->invisibleRootItem()->child(row, COLUMN_NAME);
-    QString file_path = child_file->data(GameListItemPath::FullPathRole).toString();
+    const int row = item_model->itemFromIndex(item)->row();
+    const QStandardItem* child_file = item_model->invisibleRootItem()->child(row, COLUMN_NAME);
+    const QString file_path = child_file->data(GameListItemPath::FullPathRole).toString();
 
     if (file_path.isEmpty())
         return;
-    std::string std_file_path(file_path.toStdString());
-    if (!FileUtil::Exists(std_file_path))
+
+    if (!QFileInfo::exists(file_path))
         return;
-    if (FileUtil::IsDirectory(std_file_path)) {
-        QDir dir(std_file_path.c_str());
-        QStringList matching_main = dir.entryList(QStringList("main"), QDir::Files);
+
+    const QFileInfo file_info{file_path};
+    if (file_info.isDir()) {
+        const QDir dir{file_path};
+        const QStringList matching_main = dir.entryList(QStringList("main"), QDir::Files);
         if (matching_main.size() == 1) {
             emit GameChosen(dir.path() + DIR_SEP + matching_main[0]);
         }
@@ -368,21 +370,23 @@ void GameList::LoadInterfaceLayout() {
 const QStringList GameList::supported_file_extensions = {"nso", "nro", "nca", "xci"};
 
 static bool HasSupportedFileExtension(const std::string& file_name) {
-    QFileInfo file = QFileInfo(file_name.c_str());
+    const QFileInfo file = QFileInfo(QString::fromStdString(file_name));
     return GameList::supported_file_extensions.contains(file.suffix(), Qt::CaseInsensitive);
 }
 
 static bool IsExtractedNCAMain(const std::string& file_name) {
-    return QFileInfo(file_name.c_str()).fileName() == "main";
+    return QFileInfo(QString::fromStdString(file_name)).fileName() == "main";
 }
 
 static QString FormatGameName(const std::string& physical_name) {
-    QFileInfo file_info(physical_name.c_str());
+    const QString physical_name_as_qstring = QString::fromStdString(physical_name);
+    const QFileInfo file_info(physical_name_as_qstring);
+
     if (IsExtractedNCAMain(physical_name)) {
         return file_info.dir().path();
-    } else {
-        return QString::fromStdString(physical_name);
     }
+
+    return physical_name_as_qstring;
 }
 
 void GameList::RefreshGameDirectory() {
diff --git a/src/yuzu/game_list_p.h b/src/yuzu/game_list_p.h
index a758b77aa..aa69a098f 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/game_list_p.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/game_list_p.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <atomic>
+#include <utility>
 #include <QImage>
 #include <QRunnable>
 #include <QStandardItem>
@@ -27,9 +28,8 @@ static QPixmap GetDefaultIcon(bool large) {
 class GameListItem : public QStandardItem {
 
 public:
-    GameListItem() : QStandardItem() {}
-    GameListItem(const QString& string) : QStandardItem(string) {}
-    virtual ~GameListItem() override {}
+    GameListItem() = default;
+    explicit GameListItem(const QString& string) : QStandardItem(string) {}
 };
 
 /**
@@ -45,9 +45,8 @@ public:
     static const int TitleRole = Qt::UserRole + 2;
     static const int ProgramIdRole = Qt::UserRole + 3;
 
-    GameListItemPath() : GameListItem() {}
-    GameListItemPath(const QString& game_path, const std::vector<u8>& smdh_data, u64 program_id)
-        : GameListItem() {
+    GameListItemPath() = default;
+    GameListItemPath(const QString& game_path, const std::vector<u8>& smdh_data, u64 program_id) {
         setData(game_path, FullPathRole);
         setData(qulonglong(program_id), ProgramIdRole);
     }
@@ -75,8 +74,8 @@ class GameListItemSize : public GameListItem {
 public:
     static const int SizeRole = Qt::UserRole + 1;
 
-    GameListItemSize() : GameListItem() {}
-    GameListItemSize(const qulonglong size_bytes) : GameListItem() {
+    GameListItemSize() = default;
+    explicit GameListItemSize(const qulonglong size_bytes) {
         setData(size_bytes, SizeRole);
     }
 
@@ -111,7 +110,7 @@ class GameListWorker : public QObject, public QRunnable {
 
 public:
     GameListWorker(QString dir_path, bool deep_scan)
-        : QObject(), QRunnable(), dir_path(dir_path), deep_scan(deep_scan) {}
+        : dir_path(std::move(dir_path)), deep_scan(deep_scan) {}
 
 public slots:
     /// Starts the processing of directory tree information.
diff --git a/src/yuzu/hotkeys.cpp b/src/yuzu/hotkeys.cpp
index 61acb38ee..dce399774 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/hotkeys.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/hotkeys.cpp
@@ -10,58 +10,53 @@
 #include "yuzu/hotkeys.h"
 #include "yuzu/ui_settings.h"
 
-struct Hotkey {
-    Hotkey() : shortcut(nullptr), context(Qt::WindowShortcut) {}
+HotkeyRegistry::HotkeyRegistry() = default;
+HotkeyRegistry::~HotkeyRegistry() = default;
 
-    QKeySequence keyseq;
-    QShortcut* shortcut;
-    Qt::ShortcutContext context;
-};
-
-typedef std::map<QString, Hotkey> HotkeyMap;
-typedef std::map<QString, HotkeyMap> HotkeyGroupMap;
-
-HotkeyGroupMap hotkey_groups;
-
-void SaveHotkeys() {
-    UISettings::values.shortcuts.clear();
-    for (auto group : hotkey_groups) {
-        for (auto hotkey : group.second) {
-            UISettings::values.shortcuts.emplace_back(
-                UISettings::Shortcut(group.first + "/" + hotkey.first,
-                                     UISettings::ContextualShortcut(hotkey.second.keyseq.toString(),
-                                                                    hotkey.second.context)));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void LoadHotkeys() {
+void HotkeyRegistry::LoadHotkeys() {
     // Make sure NOT to use a reference here because it would become invalid once we call
     // beginGroup()
     for (auto shortcut : UISettings::values.shortcuts) {
-        QStringList cat = shortcut.first.split("/");
+        const QStringList cat = shortcut.first.split('/');
         Q_ASSERT(cat.size() >= 2);
 
         // RegisterHotkey assigns default keybindings, so use old values as default parameters
         Hotkey& hk = hotkey_groups[cat[0]][cat[1]];
         if (!shortcut.second.first.isEmpty()) {
             hk.keyseq = QKeySequence::fromString(shortcut.second.first);
-            hk.context = (Qt::ShortcutContext)shortcut.second.second;
+            hk.context = static_cast<Qt::ShortcutContext>(shortcut.second.second);
         }
         if (hk.shortcut)
             hk.shortcut->setKey(hk.keyseq);
     }
 }
 
-void RegisterHotkey(const QString& group, const QString& action, const QKeySequence& default_keyseq,
-                    Qt::ShortcutContext default_context) {
-    if (hotkey_groups[group].find(action) == hotkey_groups[group].end()) {
-        hotkey_groups[group][action].keyseq = default_keyseq;
-        hotkey_groups[group][action].context = default_context;
+void HotkeyRegistry::SaveHotkeys() {
+    UISettings::values.shortcuts.clear();
+    for (const auto& group : hotkey_groups) {
+        for (const auto& hotkey : group.second) {
+            UISettings::values.shortcuts.emplace_back(
+                UISettings::Shortcut(group.first + '/' + hotkey.first,
+                                     UISettings::ContextualShortcut(hotkey.second.keyseq.toString(),
+                                                                    hotkey.second.context)));
+        }
     }
 }
 
-QShortcut* GetHotkey(const QString& group, const QString& action, QWidget* widget) {
+void HotkeyRegistry::RegisterHotkey(const QString& group, const QString& action,
+                                    const QKeySequence& default_keyseq,
+                                    Qt::ShortcutContext default_context) {
+    auto& hotkey_group = hotkey_groups[group];
+    if (hotkey_group.find(action) != hotkey_group.end()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto& hotkey_action = hotkey_groups[group][action];
+    hotkey_action.keyseq = default_keyseq;
+    hotkey_action.context = default_context;
+}
+
+QShortcut* HotkeyRegistry::GetHotkey(const QString& group, const QString& action, QWidget* widget) {
     Hotkey& hk = hotkey_groups[group][action];
 
     if (!hk.shortcut)
@@ -72,10 +67,12 @@ QShortcut* GetHotkey(const QString& group, const QString& action, QWidget* widge
 
 GHotkeysDialog::GHotkeysDialog(QWidget* parent) : QWidget(parent) {
     ui.setupUi(this);
+}
 
-    for (auto group : hotkey_groups) {
+void GHotkeysDialog::Populate(const HotkeyRegistry& registry) {
+    for (const auto& group : registry.hotkey_groups) {
         QTreeWidgetItem* toplevel_item = new QTreeWidgetItem(QStringList(group.first));
-        for (auto hotkey : group.second) {
+        for (const auto& hotkey : group.second) {
             QStringList columns;
             columns << hotkey.first << hotkey.second.keyseq.toString();
             QTreeWidgetItem* item = new QTreeWidgetItem(columns);
diff --git a/src/yuzu/hotkeys.h b/src/yuzu/hotkeys.h
index a4ccc193b..f38e6c002 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/hotkeys.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/hotkeys.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <map>
 #include "ui_hotkeys.h"
 
 class QDialog;
@@ -11,47 +12,69 @@ class QKeySequence;
 class QSettings;
 class QShortcut;
 
-/**
- * Register a hotkey.
- *
- * @param group General group this hotkey belongs to (e.g. "Main Window", "Debugger")
- * @param action Name of the action (e.g. "Start Emulation", "Load Image")
- * @param default_keyseq Default key sequence to assign if the hotkey wasn't present in the settings
- * file before
- * @param default_context Default context to assign if the hotkey wasn't present in the settings
- * file before
- * @warning Both the group and action strings will be displayed in the hotkey settings dialog
- */
-void RegisterHotkey(const QString& group, const QString& action,
-                    const QKeySequence& default_keyseq = QKeySequence(),
-                    Qt::ShortcutContext default_context = Qt::WindowShortcut);
-
-/**
- * Returns a QShortcut object whose activated() signal can be connected to other QObjects' slots.
- *
- * @param group  General group this hotkey belongs to (e.g. "Main Window", "Debugger").
- * @param action Name of the action (e.g. "Start Emulation", "Load Image").
- * @param widget Parent widget of the returned QShortcut.
- * @warning If multiple QWidgets' call this function for the same action, the returned QShortcut
- * will be the same. Thus, you shouldn't rely on the caller really being the QShortcut's parent.
- */
-QShortcut* GetHotkey(const QString& group, const QString& action, QWidget* widget);
-
-/**
- * Saves all registered hotkeys to the settings file.
- *
- * @note Each hotkey group will be stored a settings group; For each hotkey inside that group, a
- * settings group will be created to store the key sequence and the hotkey context.
- */
-void SaveHotkeys();
-
-/**
- * Loads hotkeys from the settings file.
- *
- * @note Yet unregistered hotkeys which are present in the settings will automatically be
- * registered.
- */
-void LoadHotkeys();
+class HotkeyRegistry final {
+public:
+    friend class GHotkeysDialog;
+
+    explicit HotkeyRegistry();
+    ~HotkeyRegistry();
+
+    /**
+     * Loads hotkeys from the settings file.
+     *
+     * @note Yet unregistered hotkeys which are present in the settings will automatically be
+     *       registered.
+     */
+    void LoadHotkeys();
+
+    /**
+     * Saves all registered hotkeys to the settings file.
+     *
+     * @note Each hotkey group will be stored a settings group; For each hotkey inside that group, a
+     *       settings group will be created to store the key sequence and the hotkey context.
+     */
+    void SaveHotkeys();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a QShortcut object whose activated() signal can be connected to other QObjects'
+     * slots.
+     *
+     * @param group  General group this hotkey belongs to (e.g. "Main Window", "Debugger").
+     * @param action Name of the action (e.g. "Start Emulation", "Load Image").
+     * @param widget Parent widget of the returned QShortcut.
+     * @warning If multiple QWidgets' call this function for the same action, the returned QShortcut
+     *          will be the same. Thus, you shouldn't rely on the caller really being the
+     *          QShortcut's parent.
+     */
+    QShortcut* GetHotkey(const QString& group, const QString& action, QWidget* widget);
+
+    /**
+     * Register a hotkey.
+     *
+     * @param group General group this hotkey belongs to (e.g. "Main Window", "Debugger")
+     * @param action Name of the action (e.g. "Start Emulation", "Load Image")
+     * @param default_keyseq Default key sequence to assign if the hotkey wasn't present in the
+     *                       settings file before
+     * @param default_context Default context to assign if the hotkey wasn't present in the settings
+     *                        file before
+     * @warning Both the group and action strings will be displayed in the hotkey settings dialog
+     */
+    void RegisterHotkey(const QString& group, const QString& action,
+                        const QKeySequence& default_keyseq = {},
+                        Qt::ShortcutContext default_context = Qt::WindowShortcut);
+
+private:
+    struct Hotkey {
+        QKeySequence keyseq;
+        QShortcut* shortcut = nullptr;
+        Qt::ShortcutContext context = Qt::WindowShortcut;
+    };
+
+    using HotkeyMap = std::map<QString, Hotkey>;
+    using HotkeyGroupMap = std::map<QString, HotkeyMap>;
+
+    HotkeyGroupMap hotkey_groups;
+};
 
 class GHotkeysDialog : public QWidget {
     Q_OBJECT
@@ -59,6 +82,8 @@ class GHotkeysDialog : public QWidget {
 public:
     explicit GHotkeysDialog(QWidget* parent = nullptr);
 
+    void Populate(const HotkeyRegistry& registry);
+
 private:
     Ui::hotkeys ui;
 };
diff --git a/src/yuzu/main.cpp b/src/yuzu/main.cpp
index eac41553a..17ed62c72 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/main.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/main.cpp
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ static void ShowCalloutMessage(const QString& message, CalloutFlag flag) {
 
 void GMainWindow::ShowCallouts() {}
 
+const int GMainWindow::max_recent_files_item;
+
 GMainWindow::GMainWindow() : config(new Config()), emu_thread(nullptr) {
 
     debug_context = Tegra::DebugContext::Construct();
@@ -206,43 +208,46 @@ void GMainWindow::InitializeRecentFileMenuActions() {
 }
 
 void GMainWindow::InitializeHotkeys() {
-    RegisterHotkey("Main Window", "Load File", QKeySequence::Open);
-    RegisterHotkey("Main Window", "Start Emulation");
-    RegisterHotkey("Main Window", "Continue/Pause", QKeySequence(Qt::Key_F4));
-    RegisterHotkey("Main Window", "Fullscreen", QKeySequence::FullScreen);
-    RegisterHotkey("Main Window", "Exit Fullscreen", QKeySequence(Qt::Key_Escape),
-                   Qt::ApplicationShortcut);
-    RegisterHotkey("Main Window", "Toggle Speed Limit", QKeySequence("CTRL+Z"),
-                   Qt::ApplicationShortcut);
-    LoadHotkeys();
-
-    connect(GetHotkey("Main Window", "Load File", this), &QShortcut::activated, this,
-            &GMainWindow::OnMenuLoadFile);
-    connect(GetHotkey("Main Window", "Start Emulation", this), &QShortcut::activated, this,
-            &GMainWindow::OnStartGame);
-    connect(GetHotkey("Main Window", "Continue/Pause", this), &QShortcut::activated, this, [&] {
-        if (emulation_running) {
-            if (emu_thread->IsRunning()) {
-                OnPauseGame();
-            } else {
-                OnStartGame();
-            }
-        }
-    });
-    connect(GetHotkey("Main Window", "Fullscreen", render_window), &QShortcut::activated,
-            ui.action_Fullscreen, &QAction::trigger);
-    connect(GetHotkey("Main Window", "Fullscreen", render_window), &QShortcut::activatedAmbiguously,
-            ui.action_Fullscreen, &QAction::trigger);
-    connect(GetHotkey("Main Window", "Exit Fullscreen", this), &QShortcut::activated, this, [&] {
-        if (emulation_running) {
-            ui.action_Fullscreen->setChecked(false);
-            ToggleFullscreen();
-        }
-    });
-    connect(GetHotkey("Main Window", "Toggle Speed Limit", this), &QShortcut::activated, this, [&] {
-        Settings::values.toggle_framelimit = !Settings::values.toggle_framelimit;
-        UpdateStatusBar();
-    });
+    hotkey_registry.RegisterHotkey("Main Window", "Load File", QKeySequence::Open);
+    hotkey_registry.RegisterHotkey("Main Window", "Start Emulation");
+    hotkey_registry.RegisterHotkey("Main Window", "Continue/Pause", QKeySequence(Qt::Key_F4));
+    hotkey_registry.RegisterHotkey("Main Window", "Fullscreen", QKeySequence::FullScreen);
+    hotkey_registry.RegisterHotkey("Main Window", "Exit Fullscreen", QKeySequence(Qt::Key_Escape),
+                                   Qt::ApplicationShortcut);
+    hotkey_registry.RegisterHotkey("Main Window", "Toggle Speed Limit", QKeySequence("CTRL+Z"),
+                                   Qt::ApplicationShortcut);
+    hotkey_registry.LoadHotkeys();
+
+    connect(hotkey_registry.GetHotkey("Main Window", "Load File", this), &QShortcut::activated,
+            this, &GMainWindow::OnMenuLoadFile);
+    connect(hotkey_registry.GetHotkey("Main Window", "Start Emulation", this),
+            &QShortcut::activated, this, &GMainWindow::OnStartGame);
+    connect(hotkey_registry.GetHotkey("Main Window", "Continue/Pause", this), &QShortcut::activated,
+            this, [&] {
+                if (emulation_running) {
+                    if (emu_thread->IsRunning()) {
+                        OnPauseGame();
+                    } else {
+                        OnStartGame();
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+    connect(hotkey_registry.GetHotkey("Main Window", "Fullscreen", render_window),
+            &QShortcut::activated, ui.action_Fullscreen, &QAction::trigger);
+    connect(hotkey_registry.GetHotkey("Main Window", "Fullscreen", render_window),
+            &QShortcut::activatedAmbiguously, ui.action_Fullscreen, &QAction::trigger);
+    connect(hotkey_registry.GetHotkey("Main Window", "Exit Fullscreen", this),
+            &QShortcut::activated, this, [&] {
+                if (emulation_running) {
+                    ui.action_Fullscreen->setChecked(false);
+                    ToggleFullscreen();
+                }
+            });
+    connect(hotkey_registry.GetHotkey("Main Window", "Toggle Speed Limit", this),
+            &QShortcut::activated, this, [&] {
+                Settings::values.toggle_framelimit = !Settings::values.toggle_framelimit;
+                UpdateStatusBar();
+            });
 }
 
 void GMainWindow::SetDefaultUIGeometry() {
@@ -321,7 +326,8 @@ void GMainWindow::ConnectMenuEvents() {
     connect(ui.action_Show_Status_Bar, &QAction::triggered, statusBar(), &QStatusBar::setVisible);
 
     // Fullscreen
-    ui.action_Fullscreen->setShortcut(GetHotkey("Main Window", "Fullscreen", this)->key());
+    ui.action_Fullscreen->setShortcut(
+        hotkey_registry.GetHotkey("Main Window", "Fullscreen", this)->key());
     connect(ui.action_Fullscreen, &QAction::triggered, this, &GMainWindow::ToggleFullscreen);
 
     // Help
@@ -477,7 +483,7 @@ bool GMainWindow::LoadROM(const QString& filename) {
 
         case Core::System::ResultStatus::ErrorVideoCore:
             QMessageBox::critical(
-                this, tr("An error occured in the video core."),
+                this, tr("An error occurred initializing the video core."),
                 tr("yuzu has encountered an error while running the video core, please see the "
                    "log for more details."
                    "For more information on accessing the log, please see the following page: "
@@ -491,7 +497,7 @@ bool GMainWindow::LoadROM(const QString& filename) {
         default:
             QMessageBox::critical(
                 this, tr("Error while loading ROM!"),
-                tr("An unknown error occured. Please see the log for more details."));
+                tr("An unknown error occurred. Please see the log for more details."));
             break;
         }
         return false;
@@ -579,11 +585,11 @@ void GMainWindow::StoreRecentFile(const QString& filename) {
 }
 
 void GMainWindow::UpdateRecentFiles() {
-    unsigned int num_recent_files =
-        std::min(UISettings::values.recent_files.size(), static_cast<int>(max_recent_files_item));
+    const int num_recent_files =
+        std::min(UISettings::values.recent_files.size(), max_recent_files_item);
 
-    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_recent_files; i++) {
-        QString text = QString("&%1. %2").arg(i + 1).arg(
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_recent_files; i++) {
+        const QString text = QString("&%1. %2").arg(i + 1).arg(
             QFileInfo(UISettings::values.recent_files[i]).fileName());
         actions_recent_files[i]->setText(text);
         actions_recent_files[i]->setData(UISettings::values.recent_files[i]);
@@ -595,12 +601,8 @@ void GMainWindow::UpdateRecentFiles() {
         actions_recent_files[j]->setVisible(false);
     }
 
-    // Grey out the recent files menu if the list is empty
-    if (num_recent_files == 0) {
-        ui.menu_recent_files->setEnabled(false);
-    } else {
-        ui.menu_recent_files->setEnabled(true);
-    }
+    // Enable the recent files menu if the list isn't empty
+    ui.menu_recent_files->setEnabled(num_recent_files != 0);
 }
 
 void GMainWindow::OnGameListLoadFile(QString game_path) {
@@ -631,9 +633,15 @@ void GMainWindow::OnMenuLoadFile() {
 }
 
 void GMainWindow::OnMenuLoadFolder() {
-    QDir dir = QFileDialog::getExistingDirectory(this, tr("Open Extracted ROM Directory"));
+    const QString dir_path =
+        QFileDialog::getExistingDirectory(this, tr("Open Extracted ROM Directory"));
+
+    if (dir_path.isNull()) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    QStringList matching_main = dir.entryList(QStringList("main"), QDir::Files);
+    const QDir dir{dir_path};
+    const QStringList matching_main = dir.entryList(QStringList("main"), QDir::Files);
     if (matching_main.size() == 1) {
         BootGame(dir.path() + DIR_SEP + matching_main[0]);
     } else {
@@ -654,9 +662,8 @@ void GMainWindow::OnMenuRecentFile() {
     QAction* action = qobject_cast<QAction*>(sender());
     assert(action);
 
-    QString filename = action->data().toString();
-    QFileInfo file_info(filename);
-    if (file_info.exists()) {
+    const QString filename = action->data().toString();
+    if (QFileInfo::exists(filename)) {
         BootGame(filename);
     } else {
         // Display an error message and remove the file from the list.
@@ -754,7 +761,7 @@ void GMainWindow::ToggleWindowMode() {
 }
 
 void GMainWindow::OnConfigure() {
-    ConfigureDialog configureDialog(this);
+    ConfigureDialog configureDialog(this, hotkey_registry);
     auto old_theme = UISettings::values.theme;
     auto result = configureDialog.exec();
     if (result == QDialog::Accepted) {
@@ -893,7 +900,7 @@ void GMainWindow::closeEvent(QCloseEvent* event) {
     UISettings::values.first_start = false;
 
     game_list->SaveInterfaceLayout();
-    SaveHotkeys();
+    hotkey_registry.SaveHotkeys();
 
     // Shutdown session if the emu thread is active...
     if (emu_thread != nullptr)
@@ -947,15 +954,14 @@ void GMainWindow::UpdateUITheme() {
     QStringList theme_paths(default_theme_paths);
     if (UISettings::values.theme != UISettings::themes[0].second &&
         !UISettings::values.theme.isEmpty()) {
-        QString theme_uri(":" + UISettings::values.theme + "/style.qss");
+        const QString theme_uri(":" + UISettings::values.theme + "/style.qss");
         QFile f(theme_uri);
-        if (!f.exists()) {
-            LOG_ERROR(Frontend, "Unable to set style, stylesheet file not found");
-        } else {
-            f.open(QFile::ReadOnly | QFile::Text);
+        if (f.open(QFile::ReadOnly | QFile::Text)) {
             QTextStream ts(&f);
             qApp->setStyleSheet(ts.readAll());
             GMainWindow::setStyleSheet(ts.readAll());
+        } else {
+            LOG_ERROR(Frontend, "Unable to set style, stylesheet file not found");
         }
         theme_paths.append(QStringList{":/icons/default", ":/icons/" + UISettings::values.theme});
         QIcon::setThemeName(":/icons/" + UISettings::values.theme);
diff --git a/src/yuzu/main.h b/src/yuzu/main.h
index 074bba3f9..6e335b8f8 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/main.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/main.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <QTimer>
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "ui_main.h"
+#include "yuzu/hotkeys.h"
 
 class Config;
 class EmuThread;
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ public:
     void filterBarSetChecked(bool state);
     void UpdateUITheme();
     GMainWindow();
-    ~GMainWindow();
+    ~GMainWindow() override;
 
 signals:
 
@@ -172,6 +173,8 @@ private:
     // stores default icon theme search paths for the platform
     QStringList default_theme_paths;
 
+    HotkeyRegistry hotkey_registry;
+
 protected:
     void dropEvent(QDropEvent* event) override;
     void dragEnterEvent(QDragEnterEvent* event) override;
diff --git a/src/yuzu_cmd/yuzu.cpp b/src/yuzu_cmd/yuzu.cpp
index b23213cf6..d637dbd0c 100644
--- a/src/yuzu_cmd/yuzu.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu_cmd/yuzu.cpp
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
         LOG_CRITICAL(Frontend, "Failed to determine system mode!");
         return -1;
     case Core::System::ResultStatus::ErrorVideoCore:
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Frontend, "VideoCore not initialized");
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Frontend, "Failed to initialize VideoCore!");
         return -1;
     case Core::System::ResultStatus::Success:
         break; // Expected case