31 files changed, 308 insertions, 276 deletions

diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 54dca3302..71efbb40d 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -60,9 +60,14 @@ else()
         -Wmissing-declarations
         -Wno-attributes
         -Wno-unused-parameter
-        -fconcepts
     )
 
+    # TODO: Remove when we update to a GCC compiler that enables this
+    #       by default (i.e. GCC 10 or newer).
+    if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL GNU)
+        add_compile_options(-fconcepts)
+    endif()
+
     if (ARCHITECTURE_x86_64)
         add_compile_options("-mcx16")
     endif()
diff --git a/src/common/atomic_ops.cpp b/src/common/atomic_ops.cpp
index 1098e21ff..1612d0e67 100644
--- a/src/common/atomic_ops.cpp
+++ b/src/common/atomic_ops.cpp
@@ -14,50 +14,55 @@ namespace Common {
 
 #if _MSC_VER
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u8 volatile* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
-    u8 result = _InterlockedCompareExchange8((char*)pointer, value, expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
+    const u8 result =
+        _InterlockedCompareExchange8(reinterpret_cast<volatile char*>(pointer), value, expected);
     return result == expected;
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u16 volatile* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
-    u16 result = _InterlockedCompareExchange16((short*)pointer, value, expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
+    const u16 result =
+        _InterlockedCompareExchange16(reinterpret_cast<volatile short*>(pointer), value, expected);
     return result == expected;
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u32 volatile* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
-    u32 result = _InterlockedCompareExchange((long*)pointer, value, expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
+    const u32 result =
+        _InterlockedCompareExchange(reinterpret_cast<volatile long*>(pointer), value, expected);
     return result == expected;
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64 volatile* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
-    u64 result = _InterlockedCompareExchange64((__int64*)pointer, value, expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
+    const u64 result = _InterlockedCompareExchange64(reinterpret_cast<volatile __int64*>(pointer),
+                                                     value, expected);
     return result == expected;
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64 volatile* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
-    return _InterlockedCompareExchange128((__int64*)pointer, value[1], value[0],
-                                          (__int64*)expected.data()) != 0;
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
+    return _InterlockedCompareExchange128(reinterpret_cast<volatile __int64*>(pointer), value[1],
+                                          value[0],
+                                          reinterpret_cast<__int64*>(expected.data())) != 0;
 }
 
 #else
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u8 volatile* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
     return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u16 volatile* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
     return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u32 volatile* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
     return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64 volatile* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
     return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64 volatile* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
     unsigned __int128 value_a;
     unsigned __int128 expected_a;
     std::memcpy(&value_a, value.data(), sizeof(u128));
diff --git a/src/common/atomic_ops.h b/src/common/atomic_ops.h
index e6181d521..8d6b73c00 100644
--- a/src/common/atomic_ops.h
+++ b/src/common/atomic_ops.h
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 
 namespace Common {
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u8 volatile* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected);
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u16 volatile* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected);
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u32 volatile* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected);
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64 volatile* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected);
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64 volatile* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected);
 
 } // namespace Common
diff --git a/src/common/concepts.h b/src/common/concepts.h
index db5fb373d..54252e778 100644
--- a/src/common/concepts.h
+++ b/src/common/concepts.h
@@ -23,10 +23,12 @@ concept IsSTLContainer = requires(T t) {
     t.size();
 };
 
-// Check if type T is derived from T2
-template <typename T, typename T2>
-concept IsBaseOf = requires {
-    std::is_base_of_v<T, T2>;
+// TODO: Replace with std::derived_from when the <concepts> header
+//       is available on all supported platforms.
+template <typename Derived, typename Base>
+concept DerivedFrom = requires {
+    std::is_base_of_v<Base, Derived>;
+    std::is_convertible_v<const volatile Derived*, const volatile Base*>;
 };
 
 } // namespace Common
diff --git a/src/common/hex_util.cpp b/src/common/hex_util.cpp
index c2f6cf0f6..74f52dd11 100644
--- a/src/common/hex_util.cpp
+++ b/src/common/hex_util.cpp
@@ -3,21 +3,9 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include "common/hex_util.h"
-#include "common/logging/log.h"
 
 namespace Common {
 
-u8 ToHexNibble(char c1) {
-    if (c1 >= 65 && c1 <= 70)
-        return c1 - 55;
-    if (c1 >= 97 && c1 <= 102)
-        return c1 - 87;
-    if (c1 >= 48 && c1 <= 57)
-        return c1 - 48;
-    LOG_ERROR(Common, "Invalid hex digit: 0x{:02X}", c1);
-    return 0;
-}
-
 std::vector<u8> HexStringToVector(std::string_view str, bool little_endian) {
     std::vector<u8> out(str.size() / 2);
     if (little_endian) {
@@ -30,26 +18,4 @@ std::vector<u8> HexStringToVector(std::string_view str, bool little_endian) {
     return out;
 }
 
-std::array<u8, 16> operator""_array16(const char* str, std::size_t len) {
-    if (len != 32) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Common,
-                  "Attempting to parse string to array that is not of correct size (expected=32, "
-                  "actual={}).",
-                  len);
-        return {};
-    }
-    return HexStringToArray<16>(str);
-}
-
-std::array<u8, 32> operator""_array32(const char* str, std::size_t len) {
-    if (len != 64) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Common,
-                  "Attempting to parse string to array that is not of correct size (expected=64, "
-                  "actual={}).",
-                  len);
-        return {};
-    }
-    return HexStringToArray<32>(str);
-}
-
 } // namespace Common
diff --git a/src/common/hex_util.h b/src/common/hex_util.h
index bb4736f96..a0a0e78a4 100644
--- a/src/common/hex_util.h
+++ b/src/common/hex_util.h
@@ -14,19 +14,31 @@
 
 namespace Common {
 
-u8 ToHexNibble(char c1);
+constexpr u8 ToHexNibble(char c) {
+    if (c >= 65 && c <= 70) {
+        return c - 55;
+    }
+
+    if (c >= 97 && c <= 102) {
+        return c - 87;
+    }
+
+    return c - 48;
+}
 
 std::vector<u8> HexStringToVector(std::string_view str, bool little_endian);
 
 template <std::size_t Size, bool le = false>
-std::array<u8, Size> HexStringToArray(std::string_view str) {
+constexpr std::array<u8, Size> HexStringToArray(std::string_view str) {
     std::array<u8, Size> out{};
     if constexpr (le) {
-        for (std::size_t i = 2 * Size - 2; i <= 2 * Size; i -= 2)
+        for (std::size_t i = 2 * Size - 2; i <= 2 * Size; i -= 2) {
             out[i / 2] = (ToHexNibble(str[i]) << 4) | ToHexNibble(str[i + 1]);
+        }
     } else {
-        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 2 * Size; i += 2)
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 2 * Size; i += 2) {
             out[i / 2] = (ToHexNibble(str[i]) << 4) | ToHexNibble(str[i + 1]);
+        }
     }
     return out;
 }
@@ -48,7 +60,12 @@ std::string HexToString(const ContiguousContainer& data, bool upper = true) {
     return out;
 }
 
-std::array<u8, 0x10> operator"" _array16(const char* str, std::size_t len);
-std::array<u8, 0x20> operator"" _array32(const char* str, std::size_t len);
+constexpr std::array<u8, 16> AsArray(const char (&data)[17]) {
+    return HexStringToArray<16>(data);
+}
+
+constexpr std::array<u8, 32> AsArray(const char (&data)[65]) {
+    return HexStringToArray<32>(data);
+}
 
 } // namespace Common
diff --git a/src/common/logging/backend.cpp b/src/common/logging/backend.cpp
index 04bc3128f..62cfde397 100644
--- a/src/common/logging/backend.cpp
+++ b/src/common/logging/backend.cpp
@@ -113,19 +113,19 @@ private:
     Entry CreateEntry(Class log_class, Level log_level, const char* filename, unsigned int line_nr,
                       const char* function, std::string message) const {
         using std::chrono::duration_cast;
+        using std::chrono::microseconds;
         using std::chrono::steady_clock;
 
-        Entry entry;
-        entry.timestamp =
-            duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(steady_clock::now() - time_origin);
-        entry.log_class = log_class;
-        entry.log_level = log_level;
-        entry.filename = filename;
-        entry.line_num = line_nr;
-        entry.function = function;
-        entry.message = std::move(message);
-
-        return entry;
+        return {
+            .timestamp = duration_cast<microseconds>(steady_clock::now() - time_origin),
+            .log_class = log_class,
+            .log_level = log_level,
+            .filename = filename,
+            .line_num = line_nr,
+            .function = function,
+            .message = std::move(message),
+            .final_entry = false,
+        };
     }
 
     std::mutex writing_mutex;
diff --git a/src/common/logging/backend.h b/src/common/logging/backend.h
index fc338c70d..e5d702568 100644
--- a/src/common/logging/backend.h
+++ b/src/common/logging/backend.h
@@ -21,19 +21,13 @@ class Filter;
  */
 struct Entry {
     std::chrono::microseconds timestamp;
-    Class log_class;
-    Level log_level;
-    const char* filename;
-    unsigned int line_num;
+    Class log_class{};
+    Level log_level{};
+    const char* filename = nullptr;
+    unsigned int line_num = 0;
     std::string function;
     std::string message;
     bool final_entry = false;
-
-    Entry() = default;
-    Entry(Entry&& o) = default;
-
-    Entry& operator=(Entry&& o) = default;
-    Entry& operator=(const Entry& o) = default;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/core/crypto/aes_util.cpp b/src/core/crypto/aes_util.cpp
index 4be76bb43..330996b24 100644
--- a/src/core/crypto/aes_util.cpp
+++ b/src/core/crypto/aes_util.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <array>
 #include <mbedtls/cipher.h>
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
@@ -10,8 +11,10 @@
 
 namespace Core::Crypto {
 namespace {
-std::vector<u8> CalculateNintendoTweak(std::size_t sector_id) {
-    std::vector<u8> out(0x10);
+using NintendoTweak = std::array<u8, 16>;
+
+NintendoTweak CalculateNintendoTweak(std::size_t sector_id) {
+    NintendoTweak out{};
     for (std::size_t i = 0xF; i <= 0xF; --i) {
         out[i] = sector_id & 0xFF;
         sector_id >>= 8;
@@ -64,13 +67,6 @@ AESCipher<Key, KeySize>::~AESCipher() {
 }
 
 template <typename Key, std::size_t KeySize>
-void AESCipher<Key, KeySize>::SetIV(std::vector<u8> iv) {
-    ASSERT_MSG((mbedtls_cipher_set_iv(&ctx->encryption_context, iv.data(), iv.size()) ||
-                mbedtls_cipher_set_iv(&ctx->decryption_context, iv.data(), iv.size())) == 0,
-               "Failed to set IV on mbedtls ciphers.");
-}
-
-template <typename Key, std::size_t KeySize>
 void AESCipher<Key, KeySize>::Transcode(const u8* src, std::size_t size, u8* dest, Op op) const {
     auto* const context = op == Op::Encrypt ? &ctx->encryption_context : &ctx->decryption_context;
 
@@ -124,6 +120,13 @@ void AESCipher<Key, KeySize>::XTSTranscode(const u8* src, std::size_t size, u8*
     }
 }
 
+template <typename Key, std::size_t KeySize>
+void AESCipher<Key, KeySize>::SetIVImpl(const u8* data, std::size_t size) {
+    ASSERT_MSG((mbedtls_cipher_set_iv(&ctx->encryption_context, data, size) ||
+                mbedtls_cipher_set_iv(&ctx->decryption_context, data, size)) == 0,
+               "Failed to set IV on mbedtls ciphers.");
+}
+
 template class AESCipher<Key128>;
 template class AESCipher<Key256>;
 } // namespace Core::Crypto
diff --git a/src/core/crypto/aes_util.h b/src/core/crypto/aes_util.h
index edc4ab910..e2a304186 100644
--- a/src/core/crypto/aes_util.h
+++ b/src/core/crypto/aes_util.h
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <type_traits>
-#include <vector>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
 
@@ -32,10 +31,12 @@ class AESCipher {
 
 public:
     AESCipher(Key key, Mode mode);
-
     ~AESCipher();
 
-    void SetIV(std::vector<u8> iv);
+    template <typename ContiguousContainer>
+    void SetIV(const ContiguousContainer& container) {
+        SetIVImpl(std::data(container), std::size(container));
+    }
 
     template <typename Source, typename Dest>
     void Transcode(const Source* src, std::size_t size, Dest* dest, Op op) const {
@@ -59,6 +60,8 @@ public:
                       std::size_t sector_size, Op op);
 
 private:
+    void SetIVImpl(const u8* data, std::size_t size);
+
     std::unique_ptr<CipherContext> ctx;
 };
 } // namespace Core::Crypto
diff --git a/src/core/crypto/ctr_encryption_layer.cpp b/src/core/crypto/ctr_encryption_layer.cpp
index 902841c77..5c84bb0a4 100644
--- a/src/core/crypto/ctr_encryption_layer.cpp
+++ b/src/core/crypto/ctr_encryption_layer.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cstring>
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "core/crypto/ctr_encryption_layer.h"
@@ -10,8 +11,7 @@ namespace Core::Crypto {
 
 CTREncryptionLayer::CTREncryptionLayer(FileSys::VirtualFile base_, Key128 key_,
                                        std::size_t base_offset)
-    : EncryptionLayer(std::move(base_)), base_offset(base_offset), cipher(key_, Mode::CTR),
-      iv(16, 0) {}
+    : EncryptionLayer(std::move(base_)), base_offset(base_offset), cipher(key_, Mode::CTR) {}
 
 std::size_t CTREncryptionLayer::Read(u8* data, std::size_t length, std::size_t offset) const {
     if (length == 0)
@@ -39,9 +39,8 @@ std::size_t CTREncryptionLayer::Read(u8* data, std::size_t length, std::size_t o
     return read + Read(data + read, length - read, offset + read);
 }
 
-void CTREncryptionLayer::SetIV(const std::vector<u8>& iv_) {
-    const auto length = std::min(iv_.size(), iv.size());
-    iv.assign(iv_.cbegin(), iv_.cbegin() + length);
+void CTREncryptionLayer::SetIV(const IVData& iv_) {
+    iv = iv_;
 }
 
 void CTREncryptionLayer::UpdateIV(std::size_t offset) const {
diff --git a/src/core/crypto/ctr_encryption_layer.h b/src/core/crypto/ctr_encryption_layer.h
index a7bf810f4..a2429f001 100644
--- a/src/core/crypto/ctr_encryption_layer.h
+++ b/src/core/crypto/ctr_encryption_layer.h
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <vector>
+#include <array>
+
 #include "core/crypto/aes_util.h"
 #include "core/crypto/encryption_layer.h"
 #include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
@@ -14,18 +15,20 @@ namespace Core::Crypto {
 // Sits on top of a VirtualFile and provides CTR-mode AES decription.
 class CTREncryptionLayer : public EncryptionLayer {
 public:
+    using IVData = std::array<u8, 16>;
+
     CTREncryptionLayer(FileSys::VirtualFile base, Key128 key, std::size_t base_offset);
 
     std::size_t Read(u8* data, std::size_t length, std::size_t offset) const override;
 
-    void SetIV(const std::vector<u8>& iv);
+    void SetIV(const IVData& iv);
 
 private:
     std::size_t base_offset;
 
     // Must be mutable as operations modify cipher contexts.
     mutable AESCipher<Key128> cipher;
-    mutable std::vector<u8> iv;
+    mutable IVData iv{};
 
     void UpdateIV(std::size_t offset) const;
 };
diff --git a/src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp b/src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp
index f87fe0abc..c09f7ad41 100644
--- a/src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp
@@ -40,12 +40,14 @@ namespace Core::Crypto {
 constexpr u64 CURRENT_CRYPTO_REVISION = 0x5;
 constexpr u64 FULL_TICKET_SIZE = 0x400;
 
-using namespace Common;
+using Common::AsArray;
 
-const std::array<SHA256Hash, 2> eticket_source_hashes{
-    "B71DB271DC338DF380AA2C4335EF8873B1AFD408E80B3582D8719FC81C5E511C"_array32, // eticket_rsa_kek_source
-    "E8965A187D30E57869F562D04383C996DE487BBA5761363D2D4D32391866A85C"_array32, // eticket_rsa_kekek_source
+// clang-format off
+constexpr std::array eticket_source_hashes{
+    AsArray("B71DB271DC338DF380AA2C4335EF8873B1AFD408E80B3582D8719FC81C5E511C"), // eticket_rsa_kek_source
+    AsArray("E8965A187D30E57869F562D04383C996DE487BBA5761363D2D4D32391866A85C"), // eticket_rsa_kekek_source
 };
+// clang-format on
 
 const std::map<std::pair<S128KeyType, u64>, std::string> KEYS_VARIABLE_LENGTH{
     {{S128KeyType::Master, 0}, "master_key_"},
diff --git a/src/core/crypto/partition_data_manager.cpp b/src/core/crypto/partition_data_manager.cpp
index 7ed71ac3a..3e96f7516 100644
--- a/src/core/crypto/partition_data_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/core/crypto/partition_data_manager.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_offset.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_vector.h"
 
-using namespace Common;
+using Common::AsArray;
 
 namespace Core::Crypto {
 
@@ -47,105 +47,123 @@ struct Package2Header {
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(Package2Header) == 0x200, "Package2Header has incorrect size.");
 
-const std::array<SHA256Hash, 0x10> source_hashes{
-    "B24BD293259DBC7AC5D63F88E60C59792498E6FC5443402C7FFE87EE8B61A3F0"_array32, // keyblob_mac_key_source
-    "7944862A3A5C31C6720595EFD302245ABD1B54CCDCF33000557681E65C5664A4"_array32, // master_key_source
-    "21E2DF100FC9E094DB51B47B9B1D6E94ED379DB8B547955BEF8FE08D8DD35603"_array32, // package2_key_source
-    "FC02B9D37B42D7A1452E71444F1F700311D1132E301A83B16062E72A78175085"_array32, // aes_kek_generation_source
-    "FBD10056999EDC7ACDB96098E47E2C3606230270D23281E671F0F389FC5BC585"_array32, // aes_key_generation_source
-    "C48B619827986C7F4E3081D59DB2B460C84312650E9A8E6B458E53E8CBCA4E87"_array32, // titlekek_source
-    "04AD66143C726B2A139FB6B21128B46F56C553B2B3887110304298D8D0092D9E"_array32, // key_area_key_application_source
-    "FD434000C8FF2B26F8E9A9D2D2C12F6BE5773CBB9DC86300E1BD99F8EA33A417"_array32, // key_area_key_ocean_source
-    "1F17B1FD51AD1C2379B58F152CA4912EC2106441E51722F38700D5937A1162F7"_array32, // key_area_key_system_source
-    "6B2ED877C2C52334AC51E59ABFA7EC457F4A7D01E46291E9F2EAA45F011D24B7"_array32, // sd_card_kek_source
-    "D482743563D3EA5DCDC3B74E97C9AC8A342164FA041A1DC80F17F6D31E4BC01C"_array32, // sd_card_save_key_source
-    "2E751CECF7D93A2B957BD5FFCB082FD038CC2853219DD3092C6DAB9838F5A7CC"_array32, // sd_card_nca_key_source
-    "1888CAED5551B3EDE01499E87CE0D86827F80820EFB275921055AA4E2ABDFFC2"_array32, // header_kek_source
-    "8F783E46852DF6BE0BA4E19273C4ADBAEE16380043E1B8C418C4089A8BD64AA6"_array32, // header_key_source
-    "D1757E52F1AE55FA882EC690BC6F954AC46A83DC22F277F8806BD55577C6EED7"_array32, // rsa_kek_seed3
-    "FC02B9D37B42D7A1452E71444F1F700311D1132E301A83B16062E72A78175085"_array32, // rsa_kek_mask0
+// clang-format off
+constexpr std::array source_hashes{
+    AsArray("B24BD293259DBC7AC5D63F88E60C59792498E6FC5443402C7FFE87EE8B61A3F0"), // keyblob_mac_key_source
+    AsArray("7944862A3A5C31C6720595EFD302245ABD1B54CCDCF33000557681E65C5664A4"), // master_key_source
+    AsArray("21E2DF100FC9E094DB51B47B9B1D6E94ED379DB8B547955BEF8FE08D8DD35603"), // package2_key_source
+    AsArray("FC02B9D37B42D7A1452E71444F1F700311D1132E301A83B16062E72A78175085"), // aes_kek_generation_source
+    AsArray("FBD10056999EDC7ACDB96098E47E2C3606230270D23281E671F0F389FC5BC585"), // aes_key_generation_source
+    AsArray("C48B619827986C7F4E3081D59DB2B460C84312650E9A8E6B458E53E8CBCA4E87"), // titlekek_source
+    AsArray("04AD66143C726B2A139FB6B21128B46F56C553B2B3887110304298D8D0092D9E"), // key_area_key_application_source
+    AsArray("FD434000C8FF2B26F8E9A9D2D2C12F6BE5773CBB9DC86300E1BD99F8EA33A417"), // key_area_key_ocean_source
+    AsArray("1F17B1FD51AD1C2379B58F152CA4912EC2106441E51722F38700D5937A1162F7"), // key_area_key_system_source
+    AsArray("6B2ED877C2C52334AC51E59ABFA7EC457F4A7D01E46291E9F2EAA45F011D24B7"), // sd_card_kek_source
+    AsArray("D482743563D3EA5DCDC3B74E97C9AC8A342164FA041A1DC80F17F6D31E4BC01C"), // sd_card_save_key_source
+    AsArray("2E751CECF7D93A2B957BD5FFCB082FD038CC2853219DD3092C6DAB9838F5A7CC"), // sd_card_nca_key_source
+    AsArray("1888CAED5551B3EDE01499E87CE0D86827F80820EFB275921055AA4E2ABDFFC2"), // header_kek_source
+    AsArray("8F783E46852DF6BE0BA4E19273C4ADBAEE16380043E1B8C418C4089A8BD64AA6"), // header_key_source
+    AsArray("D1757E52F1AE55FA882EC690BC6F954AC46A83DC22F277F8806BD55577C6EED7"), // rsa_kek_seed3
+    AsArray("FC02B9D37B42D7A1452E71444F1F700311D1132E301A83B16062E72A78175085"), // rsa_kek_mask0
 };
-
-const std::array<SHA256Hash, 0x20> keyblob_source_hashes{
-    "8A06FE274AC491436791FDB388BCDD3AB9943BD4DEF8094418CDAC150FD73786"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_00
-    "2D5CAEB2521FEF70B47E17D6D0F11F8CE2C1E442A979AD8035832C4E9FBCCC4B"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_01
-    "61C5005E713BAE780641683AF43E5F5C0E03671117F702F401282847D2FC6064"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_02
-    "8E9795928E1C4428E1B78F0BE724D7294D6934689C11B190943923B9D5B85903"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_03
-    "95FA33AF95AFF9D9B61D164655B32710ED8D615D46C7D6CC3CC70481B686B402"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_04
-    "3F5BE7B3C8B1ABD8C10B4B703D44766BA08730562C172A4FE0D6B866B3E2DB3E"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_05
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_06
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_07
-
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_08
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_09
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_0A
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_0B
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_0C
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_0D
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_0E
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_0F
-
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_10
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_11
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_12
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_13
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_14
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_15
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_16
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_17
-
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_18
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_19
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_1A
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_1B
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_1C
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_1D
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_1E
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // keyblob_key_source_1F
+// clang-format on
+
+// clang-format off
+constexpr std::array keyblob_source_hashes{
+    AsArray("8A06FE274AC491436791FDB388BCDD3AB9943BD4DEF8094418CDAC150FD73786"), // keyblob_key_source_00
+    AsArray("2D5CAEB2521FEF70B47E17D6D0F11F8CE2C1E442A979AD8035832C4E9FBCCC4B"), // keyblob_key_source_01
+    AsArray("61C5005E713BAE780641683AF43E5F5C0E03671117F702F401282847D2FC6064"), // keyblob_key_source_02
+    AsArray("8E9795928E1C4428E1B78F0BE724D7294D6934689C11B190943923B9D5B85903"), // keyblob_key_source_03
+    AsArray("95FA33AF95AFF9D9B61D164655B32710ED8D615D46C7D6CC3CC70481B686B402"), // keyblob_key_source_04
+    AsArray("3F5BE7B3C8B1ABD8C10B4B703D44766BA08730562C172A4FE0D6B866B3E2DB3E"), // keyblob_key_source_05
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_06
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_07
+
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_08
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_09
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_0A
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_0B
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_0C
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_0D
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_0E
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_0F
+
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_10
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_11
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_12
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_13
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_14
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_15
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_16
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_17
+
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_18
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_19
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_1A
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_1B
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_1C
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_1D
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_1E
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // keyblob_key_source_1F
 };
-
-const std::array<SHA256Hash, 0x20> master_key_hashes{
-    "0EE359BE3C864BB0782E1D70A718A0342C551EED28C369754F9C4F691BECF7CA"_array32, // master_key_00
-    "4FE707B7E4ABDAF727C894AAF13B1351BFE2AC90D875F73B2E20FA94B9CC661E"_array32, // master_key_01
-    "79277C0237A2252EC3DFAC1F7C359C2B3D121E9DB15BB9AB4C2B4408D2F3AE09"_array32, // master_key_02
-    "4F36C565D13325F65EE134073C6A578FFCB0008E02D69400836844EAB7432754"_array32, // master_key_03
-    "75FF1D95D26113550EE6FCC20ACB58E97EDEB3A2FF52543ED5AEC63BDCC3DA50"_array32, // master_key_04
-    "EBE2BCD6704673EC0F88A187BB2AD9F1CC82B718C389425941BDC194DC46B0DD"_array32, // master_key_05
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_06
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_07
-
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_08
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_09
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_0A
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_0B
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_0C
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_0D
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_0E
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_0F
-
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_10
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_11
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_12
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_13
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_14
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_15
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_16
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_17
-
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_18
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_19
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_1A
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_1B
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_1C
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_1D
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_1E
-    "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"_array32, // master_key_1F
+// clang-format on
+
+// clang-format off
+constexpr std::array master_key_hashes{
+    AsArray("0EE359BE3C864BB0782E1D70A718A0342C551EED28C369754F9C4F691BECF7CA"), // master_key_00
+    AsArray("4FE707B7E4ABDAF727C894AAF13B1351BFE2AC90D875F73B2E20FA94B9CC661E"), // master_key_01
+    AsArray("79277C0237A2252EC3DFAC1F7C359C2B3D121E9DB15BB9AB4C2B4408D2F3AE09"), // master_key_02
+    AsArray("4F36C565D13325F65EE134073C6A578FFCB0008E02D69400836844EAB7432754"), // master_key_03
+    AsArray("75FF1D95D26113550EE6FCC20ACB58E97EDEB3A2FF52543ED5AEC63BDCC3DA50"), // master_key_04
+    AsArray("EBE2BCD6704673EC0F88A187BB2AD9F1CC82B718C389425941BDC194DC46B0DD"), // master_key_05
+    AsArray("9497E6779F5D840F2BBA1DE4E95BA1D6F21EFC94717D5AE5CA37D7EC5BD37A19"), // master_key_06
+    AsArray("4EC96B8CB01B8DCE382149443430B2B6EBCB2983348AFA04A25E53609DABEDF6"), // master_key_07
+
+    AsArray("2998E2E23609BC2675FF062A2D64AF5B1B78DFF463B24119D64A1B64F01B2D51"), // master_key_08
+    AsArray("9D486A98067C44B37CF173D3BF577891EB6081FF6B4A166347D9DBBF7025076B"), // master_key_09
+    AsArray("4EC5A237A75A083A9C5F6CF615601522A7F822D06BD4BA32612C9CEBBB29BD45"), // master_key_0A
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_0B
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_0C
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_0D
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_0E
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_0F
+
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_10
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_11
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_12
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_13
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_14
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_15
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_16
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_17
+
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_18
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_19
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_1A
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_1B
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_1C
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_1D
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_1E
+    AsArray("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), // master_key_1F
 };
+// clang-format on
+
+static constexpr u8 CalculateMaxKeyblobSourceHash() {
+    const auto is_zero = [](const auto& data) {
+        // TODO: Replace with std::all_of whenever mingw decides to update their
+        //       libraries to include the constexpr variant of it.
+        for (const auto element : data) {
+            if (element != 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
 
-static u8 CalculateMaxKeyblobSourceHash() {
     for (s8 i = 0x1F; i >= 0; --i) {
-        if (keyblob_source_hashes[i] != SHA256Hash{})
+        if (!is_zero(keyblob_source_hashes[i])) {
             return static_cast<u8>(i + 1);
+        }
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -346,10 +364,9 @@ FileSys::VirtualFile PartitionDataManager::GetPackage2Raw(Package2Type type) con
 }
 
 static bool AttemptDecrypt(const std::array<u8, 16>& key, Package2Header& header) {
-    const std::vector<u8> iv(header.header_ctr.begin(), header.header_ctr.end());
     Package2Header temp = header;
     AESCipher<Key128> cipher(key, Mode::CTR);
-    cipher.SetIV(iv);
+    cipher.SetIV(header.header_ctr);
     cipher.Transcode(&temp.header_ctr, sizeof(Package2Header) - 0x100, &temp.header_ctr,
                      Op::Decrypt);
     if (temp.magic == Common::MakeMagic('P', 'K', '2', '1')) {
@@ -388,7 +405,7 @@ void PartitionDataManager::DecryptPackage2(const std::array<Key128, 0x20>& packa
     auto c = a->ReadAllBytes();
 
     AESCipher<Key128> cipher(package2_keys[revision], Mode::CTR);
-    cipher.SetIV({header.section_ctr[1].begin(), header.section_ctr[1].end()});
+    cipher.SetIV(header.section_ctr[1]);
     cipher.Transcode(c.data(), c.size(), c.data(), Op::Decrypt);
 
     const auto ini_file = std::make_shared<FileSys::VectorVfsFile>(c);
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/content_archive.cpp b/src/core/file_sys/content_archive.cpp
index 473245d5a..5039341c7 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/content_archive.cpp
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/content_archive.cpp
@@ -495,9 +495,10 @@ VirtualFile NCA::Decrypt(const NCASectionHeader& s_header, VirtualFile in, u64 s
 
             auto out = std::make_shared<Core::Crypto::CTREncryptionLayer>(std::move(in), *key,
                                                                           starting_offset);
-            std::vector<u8> iv(16);
-            for (u8 i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
-                iv[i] = s_header.raw.section_ctr[0x8 - i - 1];
+            Core::Crypto::CTREncryptionLayer::IVData iv{};
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+                iv[i] = s_header.raw.section_ctr[8 - i - 1];
+            }
             out->SetIV(iv);
             return std::static_pointer_cast<VfsFile>(out);
         }
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/nca_patch.cpp b/src/core/file_sys/nca_patch.cpp
index 0090cc6c4..fe7375e84 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/nca_patch.cpp
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/nca_patch.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstring>
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ std::size_t BKTR::Read(u8* data, std::size_t length, std::size_t offset) const {
     Core::Crypto::AESCipher<Core::Crypto::Key128> cipher(key, Core::Crypto::Mode::CTR);
 
     // Calculate AES IV
-    std::vector<u8> iv(16);
+    std::array<u8, 16> iv{};
     auto subsection_ctr = subsection.ctr;
     auto offset_iv = section_offset + base_offset;
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < section_ctr.size(); ++i)
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/system_archive/mii_model.cpp b/src/core/file_sys/system_archive/mii_model.cpp
index 61bb67945..d65c7d234 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/system_archive/mii_model.cpp
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/system_archive/mii_model.cpp
@@ -27,18 +27,12 @@ VirtualDir MiiModel() {
     auto out = std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(std::vector<VirtualFile>{},
                                                     std::vector<VirtualDir>{}, "data");
 
-    out->AddFile(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<MiiModelData::TEXTURE_LOW_LINEAR.size()>>(
-        MiiModelData::TEXTURE_LOW_LINEAR, "NXTextureLowLinear.dat"));
-    out->AddFile(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<MiiModelData::TEXTURE_LOW_SRGB.size()>>(
-        MiiModelData::TEXTURE_LOW_SRGB, "NXTextureLowSRGB.dat"));
-    out->AddFile(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<MiiModelData::TEXTURE_MID_LINEAR.size()>>(
-        MiiModelData::TEXTURE_MID_LINEAR, "NXTextureMidLinear.dat"));
-    out->AddFile(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<MiiModelData::TEXTURE_MID_SRGB.size()>>(
-        MiiModelData::TEXTURE_MID_SRGB, "NXTextureMidSRGB.dat"));
-    out->AddFile(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<MiiModelData::SHAPE_HIGH.size()>>(
-        MiiModelData::SHAPE_HIGH, "ShapeHigh.dat"));
-    out->AddFile(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<MiiModelData::SHAPE_MID.size()>>(
-        MiiModelData::SHAPE_MID, "ShapeMid.dat"));
+    out->AddFile(MakeArrayFile(MiiModelData::TEXTURE_LOW_LINEAR, "NXTextureLowLinear.dat"));
+    out->AddFile(MakeArrayFile(MiiModelData::TEXTURE_LOW_SRGB, "NXTextureLowSRGB.dat"));
+    out->AddFile(MakeArrayFile(MiiModelData::TEXTURE_MID_LINEAR, "NXTextureMidLinear.dat"));
+    out->AddFile(MakeArrayFile(MiiModelData::TEXTURE_MID_SRGB, "NXTextureMidSRGB.dat"));
+    out->AddFile(MakeArrayFile(MiiModelData::SHAPE_HIGH, "ShapeHigh.dat"));
+    out->AddFile(MakeArrayFile(MiiModelData::SHAPE_MID, "ShapeMid.dat"));
 
     return out;
 }
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/system_archive/ng_word.cpp b/src/core/file_sys/system_archive/ng_word.cpp
index f4443784d..100d3c5db 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/system_archive/ng_word.cpp
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/system_archive/ng_word.cpp
@@ -24,19 +24,18 @@ constexpr std::array<u8, 30> WORD_TXT{
 } // namespace NgWord1Data
 
 VirtualDir NgWord1() {
-    std::vector<VirtualFile> files(NgWord1Data::NUMBER_WORD_TXT_FILES);
+    std::vector<VirtualFile> files;
+    files.reserve(NgWord1Data::NUMBER_WORD_TXT_FILES);
 
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < files.size(); ++i) {
-        files[i] = std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord1Data::WORD_TXT.size()>>(
-            NgWord1Data::WORD_TXT, fmt::format("{}.txt", i));
+        files.push_back(MakeArrayFile(NgWord1Data::WORD_TXT, fmt::format("{}.txt", i)));
     }
 
-    files.push_back(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord1Data::WORD_TXT.size()>>(
-        NgWord1Data::WORD_TXT, "common.txt"));
-    files.push_back(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord1Data::VERSION_DAT.size()>>(
-        NgWord1Data::VERSION_DAT, "version.dat"));
+    files.push_back(MakeArrayFile(NgWord1Data::WORD_TXT, "common.txt"));
+    files.push_back(MakeArrayFile(NgWord1Data::VERSION_DAT, "version.dat"));
 
-    return std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(files, std::vector<VirtualDir>{}, "data");
+    return std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(std::move(files), std::vector<VirtualDir>{},
+                                                "data");
 }
 
 namespace NgWord2Data {
@@ -55,27 +54,22 @@ constexpr std::array<u8, 0x2C> AC_NX_DATA{
 } // namespace NgWord2Data
 
 VirtualDir NgWord2() {
-    std::vector<VirtualFile> files(NgWord2Data::NUMBER_AC_NX_FILES * 3);
+    std::vector<VirtualFile> files;
+    files.reserve(NgWord2Data::NUMBER_AC_NX_FILES * 3);
 
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < NgWord2Data::NUMBER_AC_NX_FILES; ++i) {
-        files[3 * i] = std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA.size()>>(
-            NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, fmt::format("ac_{}_b1_nx", i));
-        files[3 * i + 1] = std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA.size()>>(
-            NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, fmt::format("ac_{}_b2_nx", i));
-        files[3 * i + 2] = std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA.size()>>(
-            NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, fmt::format("ac_{}_not_b_nx", i));
+        files.push_back(MakeArrayFile(NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, fmt::format("ac_{}_b1_nx", i)));
+        files.push_back(MakeArrayFile(NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, fmt::format("ac_{}_b2_nx", i)));
+        files.push_back(MakeArrayFile(NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, fmt::format("ac_{}_not_b_nx", i)));
     }
 
-    files.push_back(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA.size()>>(
-        NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, "ac_common_b1_nx"));
-    files.push_back(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA.size()>>(
-        NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, "ac_common_b2_nx"));
-    files.push_back(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA.size()>>(
-        NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, "ac_common_not_b_nx"));
-    files.push_back(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::VERSION_DAT.size()>>(
-        NgWord2Data::VERSION_DAT, "version.dat"));
+    files.push_back(MakeArrayFile(NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, "ac_common_b1_nx"));
+    files.push_back(MakeArrayFile(NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, "ac_common_b2_nx"));
+    files.push_back(MakeArrayFile(NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, "ac_common_not_b_nx"));
+    files.push_back(MakeArrayFile(NgWord2Data::VERSION_DAT, "version.dat"));
 
-    return std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(files, std::vector<VirtualDir>{}, "data");
+    return std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(std::move(files), std::vector<VirtualDir>{},
+                                                "data");
 }
 
 } // namespace FileSys::SystemArchive
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/system_archive/time_zone_binary.cpp b/src/core/file_sys/system_archive/time_zone_binary.cpp
index d1de63f20..8fd005012 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/system_archive/time_zone_binary.cpp
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/system_archive/time_zone_binary.cpp
@@ -654,12 +654,13 @@ static VirtualFile GenerateDefaultTimeZoneFile() {
 }
 
 VirtualDir TimeZoneBinary() {
-    const std::vector<VirtualDir> root_dirs{std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(
+    std::vector<VirtualDir> root_dirs{std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(
         std::vector<VirtualFile>{GenerateDefaultTimeZoneFile()}, std::vector<VirtualDir>{},
         "zoneinfo")};
-    const std::vector<VirtualFile> root_files{
-        std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<LOCATION_NAMES.size()>>(LOCATION_NAMES, "binaryList.txt")};
-    return std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(root_files, root_dirs, "data");
+    std::vector<VirtualFile> root_files{MakeArrayFile(LOCATION_NAMES, "binaryList.txt")};
+
+    return std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(std::move(root_files), std::move(root_dirs),
+                                                "data");
 }
 
 } // namespace FileSys::SystemArchive
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/vfs_vector.h b/src/core/file_sys/vfs_vector.h
index ac36cb2ee..95d3da2f2 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/vfs_vector.h
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/vfs_vector.h
@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <array>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
 
 namespace FileSys {
@@ -13,7 +17,8 @@ namespace FileSys {
 template <std::size_t size>
 class ArrayVfsFile : public VfsFile {
 public:
-    ArrayVfsFile(std::array<u8, size> data, std::string name = "", VirtualDir parent = nullptr)
+    explicit ArrayVfsFile(const std::array<u8, size>& data, std::string name = "",
+                          VirtualDir parent = nullptr)
         : data(data), name(std::move(name)), parent(std::move(parent)) {}
 
     std::string GetName() const override {
@@ -61,6 +66,12 @@ private:
     VirtualDir parent;
 };
 
+template <std::size_t Size, typename... Args>
+std::shared_ptr<ArrayVfsFile<Size>> MakeArrayFile(const std::array<u8, Size>& data,
+                                                  Args&&... args) {
+    return std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<Size>>(data, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
 // An implementation of VfsFile that is backed by a vector optionally supplied upon construction
 class VectorVfsFile : public VfsFile {
 public:
diff --git a/src/core/hle/ipc_helpers.h b/src/core/hle/ipc_helpers.h
index 0dc6a4a43..1b503331f 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/ipc_helpers.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/ipc_helpers.h
@@ -229,6 +229,8 @@ inline void ResponseBuilder::Push(u32 value) {
 
 template <typename T>
 void ResponseBuilder::PushRaw(const T& value) {
+    static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>,
+                  "It's undefined behavior to use memcpy with non-trivially copyable objects");
     std::memcpy(cmdbuf + index, &value, sizeof(T));
     index += (sizeof(T) + 3) / 4; // round up to word length
 }
@@ -384,6 +386,8 @@ inline s32 RequestParser::Pop() {
 
 template <typename T>
 void RequestParser::PopRaw(T& value) {
+    static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>,
+                  "It's undefined behavior to use memcpy with non-trivially copyable objects");
     std::memcpy(&value, cmdbuf + index, sizeof(T));
     index += (sizeof(T) + 3) / 4; // round up to word length
 }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/address_arbiter.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/address_arbiter.cpp
index df0debe1b..b882eaa0f 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/address_arbiter.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/address_arbiter.cpp
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ ResultCode AddressArbiter::IncrementAndSignalToAddressIfEqual(VAddr address, s32
     do {
         current_value = monitor.ExclusiveRead32(current_core, address);
 
-        if (current_value != value) {
+        if (current_value != static_cast<u32>(value)) {
             return ERR_INVALID_STATE;
         }
         current_value++;
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.cpp
index 77c095ef2..a4b234424 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.cpp
@@ -131,7 +131,8 @@ u32 GlobalScheduler::SelectThreads() {
     u32 cores_needing_context_switch{};
     for (u32 core = 0; core < Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES; core++) {
         Scheduler& sched = kernel.Scheduler(core);
-        ASSERT(top_threads[core] == nullptr || top_threads[core]->GetProcessorID() == core);
+        ASSERT(top_threads[core] == nullptr ||
+               static_cast<u32>(top_threads[core]->GetProcessorID()) == core);
         if (update_thread(top_threads[core], sched)) {
             cores_needing_context_switch |= (1ul << core);
         }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp
index 55a1edf1a..7d92b25a3 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp
@@ -378,7 +378,11 @@ void ISelfController::GetLibraryAppletLaunchableEvent(Kernel::HLERequestContext&
 }
 
 void ISelfController::SetScreenShotPermission(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
-    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
+    IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+    const auto permission = rp.PopEnum<ScreenshotPermission>();
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called, permission={}", permission);
+
+    screenshot_permission = permission;
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
     rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/am/am.h b/src/core/hle/service/am/am.h
index 6cfb11b48..6e69796ec 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/am/am.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/am/am.h
@@ -149,6 +149,12 @@ private:
     void GetAccumulatedSuspendedTickValue(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void GetAccumulatedSuspendedTickChangedEvent(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
 
+    enum class ScreenshotPermission : u32 {
+        Inherit = 0,
+        Enable = 1,
+        Disable = 2,
+    };
+
     Core::System& system;
     std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger;
     Kernel::EventPair launchable_event;
@@ -157,6 +163,7 @@ private:
     u32 idle_time_detection_extension = 0;
     u64 num_fatal_sections_entered = 0;
     bool is_auto_sleep_disabled = false;
+    ScreenshotPermission screenshot_permission = ScreenshotPermission::Inherit;
 };
 
 class ICommonStateGetter final : public ServiceFramework<ICommonStateGetter> {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue.cpp
index caca80dde..637b310d7 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue.cpp
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ BufferQueue::~BufferQueue() = default;
 void BufferQueue::SetPreallocatedBuffer(u32 slot, const IGBPBuffer& igbp_buffer) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service, "Adding graphics buffer {}", slot);
 
-    Buffer buffer{};
-    buffer.slot = slot;
-    buffer.igbp_buffer = igbp_buffer;
-    buffer.status = Buffer::Status::Free;
     free_buffers.push_back(slot);
+    queue.push_back({
+        .slot = slot,
+        .status = Buffer::Status::Free,
+        .igbp_buffer = igbp_buffer,
+    });
 
-    queue.emplace_back(buffer);
     buffer_wait_event.writable->Signal();
 }
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ std::optional<std::pair<u32, Service::Nvidia::MultiFence*>> BufferQueue::Dequeue
                                                                                        u32 height) {
 
     if (free_buffers.empty()) {
-        return {};
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
 
     auto f_itr = free_buffers.begin();
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ std::optional<std::pair<u32, Service::Nvidia::MultiFence*>> BufferQueue::Dequeue
     }
 
     if (itr == queue.end()) {
-        return {};
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
 
     itr->status = Buffer::Status::Dequeued;
@@ -103,14 +103,15 @@ std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<const BufferQueue::Buffer>> BufferQueue::Ac
     auto itr = queue.end();
     // Iterate to find a queued buffer matching the requested slot.
     while (itr == queue.end() && !queue_sequence.empty()) {
-        u32 slot = queue_sequence.front();
+        const u32 slot = queue_sequence.front();
         itr = std::find_if(queue.begin(), queue.end(), [&slot](const Buffer& buffer) {
             return buffer.status == Buffer::Status::Queued && buffer.slot == slot;
         });
         queue_sequence.pop_front();
     }
-    if (itr == queue.end())
-        return {};
+    if (itr == queue.end()) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
     itr->status = Buffer::Status::Acquired;
     return *itr;
 }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/sm/sm.h b/src/core/hle/service/sm/sm.h
index b526a94fe..aabf166b7 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/sm/sm.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/sm/sm.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ public:
     ResultVal<std::shared_ptr<Kernel::ClientPort>> GetServicePort(const std::string& name);
     ResultVal<std::shared_ptr<Kernel::ClientSession>> ConnectToService(const std::string& name);
 
-    template <Common::IsBaseOf<Kernel::SessionRequestHandler> T>
+    template <Common::DerivedFrom<Kernel::SessionRequestHandler> T>
     std::shared_ptr<T> GetService(const std::string& service_name) const {
         auto service = registered_services.find(service_name);
         if (service == registered_services.end()) {
diff --git a/src/core/loader/loader.cpp b/src/core/loader/loader.cpp
index b8f8f1448..7c48e55e1 100644
--- a/src/core/loader/loader.cpp
+++ b/src/core/loader/loader.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace Loader {
 
 namespace {
 
-template <Common::IsBaseOf<AppLoader> T>
+template <Common::DerivedFrom<AppLoader> T>
 std::optional<FileType> IdentifyFileLoader(FileSys::VirtualFile file) {
     const auto file_type = T::IdentifyType(file);
     if (file_type != FileType::Error) {
diff --git a/src/core/memory.cpp b/src/core/memory.cpp
index 2c5588933..86d17c6cb 100644
--- a/src/core/memory.cpp
+++ b/src/core/memory.cpp
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ struct Memory::Impl {
         u8* page_pointer = current_page_table->pointers[vaddr >> PAGE_BITS];
         if (page_pointer != nullptr) {
             // NOTE: Avoid adding any extra logic to this fast-path block
-            T volatile* pointer = reinterpret_cast<T volatile*>(&page_pointer[vaddr]);
+            auto* pointer = reinterpret_cast<volatile T*>(&page_pointer[vaddr]);
             return Common::AtomicCompareAndSwap(pointer, data, expected);
         }
 
@@ -720,9 +720,8 @@ struct Memory::Impl {
         case Common::PageType::RasterizerCachedMemory: {
             u8* host_ptr{GetPointerFromRasterizerCachedMemory(vaddr)};
             system.GPU().InvalidateRegion(vaddr, sizeof(T));
-            T volatile* pointer = reinterpret_cast<T volatile*>(&host_ptr);
+            auto* pointer = reinterpret_cast<volatile T*>(&host_ptr);
             return Common::AtomicCompareAndSwap(pointer, data, expected);
-            break;
         }
         default:
             UNREACHABLE();
@@ -734,7 +733,7 @@ struct Memory::Impl {
         u8* const page_pointer = current_page_table->pointers[vaddr >> PAGE_BITS];
         if (page_pointer != nullptr) {
             // NOTE: Avoid adding any extra logic to this fast-path block
-            u64 volatile* pointer = reinterpret_cast<u64 volatile*>(&page_pointer[vaddr]);
+            auto* pointer = reinterpret_cast<volatile u64*>(&page_pointer[vaddr]);
             return Common::AtomicCompareAndSwap(pointer, data, expected);
         }
 
@@ -750,9 +749,8 @@ struct Memory::Impl {
         case Common::PageType::RasterizerCachedMemory: {
             u8* host_ptr{GetPointerFromRasterizerCachedMemory(vaddr)};
             system.GPU().InvalidateRegion(vaddr, sizeof(u128));
-            u64 volatile* pointer = reinterpret_cast<u64 volatile*>(&host_ptr);
+            auto* pointer = reinterpret_cast<volatile u64*>(&host_ptr);
             return Common::AtomicCompareAndSwap(pointer, data, expected);
-            break;
         }
         default:
             UNREACHABLE();
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.cpp
index 9a98f0e98..e614a92df 100644
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.cpp
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForTexture(const FormatLookupTable& lookup_ta
         }
         params.type = GetFormatType(params.pixel_format);
     }
-    params.type = GetFormatType(params.pixel_format);
     // TODO: on 1DBuffer we should use the tic info.
     if (tic.IsBuffer()) {
         params.target = SurfaceTarget::TextureBuffer;
diff --git a/src/yuzu/game_list_worker.cpp b/src/yuzu/game_list_worker.cpp
index 239016b94..643ca6491 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/game_list_worker.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/game_list_worker.cpp
@@ -350,6 +350,7 @@ void GameListWorker::ScanFileSystem(ScanTarget target, const std::string& dir_pa
 
 void GameListWorker::run() {
     stop_processing = false;
+    provider->ClearAllEntries();
 
     for (UISettings::GameDir& game_dir : game_dirs) {
         if (game_dir.path == QStringLiteral("SDMC")) {
@@ -368,7 +369,6 @@ void GameListWorker::run() {
             watch_list.append(game_dir.path);
             auto* const game_list_dir = new GameListDir(game_dir);
             emit DirEntryReady(game_list_dir);
-            provider->ClearAllEntries();
             ScanFileSystem(ScanTarget::FillManualContentProvider, game_dir.path.toStdString(),
                            game_dir.deep_scan ? 256 : 0, game_list_dir);
             ScanFileSystem(ScanTarget::PopulateGameList, game_dir.path.toStdString(),