12 files changed, 105 insertions, 52 deletions

diff --git a/src/common/settings.cpp b/src/common/settings.cpp
index 5972480e5..3f56afe94 100644
--- a/src/common/settings.cpp
+++ b/src/common/settings.cpp
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ void LogSettings() {
                 values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue());
     log_setting("Renderer_NvdecEmulation", values.nvdec_emulation.GetValue());
     log_setting("Renderer_AccelerateASTC", values.accelerate_astc.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_AsyncASTC", values.async_astc.GetValue());
     log_setting("Renderer_AstcRecompression", values.astc_recompression.GetValue());
     log_setting("Renderer_UseVsync", values.vsync_mode.GetValue());
     log_setting("Renderer_UseReactiveFlushing", values.use_reactive_flushing.GetValue());
@@ -246,7 +245,6 @@ void RestoreGlobalState(bool is_powered_on) {
     values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
     values.nvdec_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
     values.accelerate_astc.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.async_astc.SetGlobal(true);
     values.astc_recompression.SetGlobal(true);
     values.use_reactive_flushing.SetGlobal(true);
     values.shader_backend.SetGlobal(true);
diff --git a/src/common/settings.h b/src/common/settings.h
index 59e96e74f..b8ab34f7f 100644
--- a/src/common/settings.h
+++ b/src/common/settings.h
@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@
 
 namespace Settings {
 
+enum class AstcDecodeMode : u32 {
+    CPU = 0,
+    GPU = 1,
+    CPUAsynchronous = 2,
+};
+
 enum class VSyncMode : u32 {
     Immediate = 0,
     Mailbox = 1,
@@ -467,8 +473,9 @@ struct Values {
                                                       GPUAccuracy::Extreme, "gpu_accuracy"};
     SwitchableSetting<bool> use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation{true, "use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation"};
     SwitchableSetting<NvdecEmulation> nvdec_emulation{NvdecEmulation::GPU, "nvdec_emulation"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> accelerate_astc{true, "accelerate_astc"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> async_astc{false, "async_astc"};
+    SwitchableSetting<AstcDecodeMode, true> accelerate_astc{
+        AstcDecodeMode::CPU, AstcDecodeMode::CPU, AstcDecodeMode::CPUAsynchronous,
+        "accelerate_astc"};
     Setting<VSyncMode, true> vsync_mode{VSyncMode::FIFO, VSyncMode::Immediate,
                                         VSyncMode::FIFORelaxed, "use_vsync"};
     SwitchableSetting<bool> use_reactive_flushing{true, "use_reactive_flushing"};
diff --git a/src/core/telemetry_session.cpp b/src/core/telemetry_session.cpp
index 7a2f3c90a..665ffe3a2 100644
--- a/src/core/telemetry_session.cpp
+++ b/src/core/telemetry_session.cpp
@@ -99,6 +99,18 @@ static constexpr const char* TranslateVSyncMode(Settings::VSyncMode mode) {
     return "Unknown";
 }
 
+static constexpr const char* TranslateASTCDecodeMode(Settings::AstcDecodeMode mode) {
+    switch (mode) {
+    case Settings::AstcDecodeMode::CPU:
+        return "CPU";
+    case Settings::AstcDecodeMode::GPU:
+        return "GPU";
+    case Settings::AstcDecodeMode::CPUAsynchronous:
+        return "CPU Asynchronous";
+    }
+    return "Unknown";
+}
+
 u64 GetTelemetryId() {
     u64 telemetry_id{};
     const auto filename = Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::ConfigDir) / "telemetry_id";
@@ -254,7 +266,8 @@ void TelemetrySession::AddInitialInfo(Loader::AppLoader& app_loader,
              Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue());
     AddField(field_type, "Renderer_NvdecEmulation",
              TranslateNvdecEmulation(Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.GetValue()));
-    AddField(field_type, "Renderer_AccelerateASTC", Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue());
+    AddField(field_type, "Renderer_AccelerateASTC",
+             TranslateASTCDecodeMode(Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue()));
     AddField(field_type, "Renderer_UseVsync",
              TranslateVSyncMode(Settings::values.vsync_mode.GetValue()));
     AddField(field_type, "Renderer_ShaderBackend",
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.cpp
index 3b446be07..38ae12d8e 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.cpp
@@ -232,10 +232,9 @@ void ApplySwizzle(GLuint handle, PixelFormat format, std::array<SwizzleSource, 4
 [[nodiscard]] bool CanBeAccelerated(const TextureCacheRuntime& runtime,
                                     const VideoCommon::ImageInfo& info) {
     if (IsPixelFormatASTC(info.format) && info.size.depth == 1 && !runtime.HasNativeASTC()) {
-        return Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue() &&
+        return Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue() == Settings::AstcDecodeMode::GPU &&
                Settings::values.astc_recompression.GetValue() ==
-                   Settings::AstcRecompression::Uncompressed &&
-               !Settings::values.async_astc.GetValue();
+                   Settings::AstcRecompression::Uncompressed;
     }
     // Disable other accelerated uploads for now as they don't implement swizzled uploads
     return false;
@@ -267,7 +266,8 @@ void ApplySwizzle(GLuint handle, PixelFormat format, std::array<SwizzleSource, 4
 [[nodiscard]] bool CanBeDecodedAsync(const TextureCacheRuntime& runtime,
                                      const VideoCommon::ImageInfo& info) {
     if (IsPixelFormatASTC(info.format) && !runtime.HasNativeASTC()) {
-        return Settings::values.async_astc.GetValue();
+        return Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue() ==
+               Settings::AstcDecodeMode::CPUAsynchronous;
     }
     return false;
 }
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp
index bf6ad6c79..a060c3934 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp
@@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ TextureCacheRuntime::TextureCacheRuntime(const Device& device_, Scheduler& sched
     : device{device_}, scheduler{scheduler_}, memory_allocator{memory_allocator_},
       staging_buffer_pool{staging_buffer_pool_}, blit_image_helper{blit_image_helper_},
       render_pass_cache{render_pass_cache_}, resolution{Settings::values.resolution_info} {
-    if (Settings::values.accelerate_astc) {
+    if (Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue() == Settings::AstcDecodeMode::GPU) {
         astc_decoder_pass.emplace(device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, staging_buffer_pool,
                                   compute_pass_descriptor_queue, memory_allocator);
     }
@@ -1301,12 +1301,19 @@ Image::Image(TextureCacheRuntime& runtime_, const ImageInfo& info_, GPUVAddr gpu
                                                    runtime->ViewFormats(info.format))),
       aspect_mask(ImageAspectMask(info.format)) {
     if (IsPixelFormatASTC(info.format) && !runtime->device.IsOptimalAstcSupported()) {
-        if (Settings::values.async_astc.GetValue()) {
+        switch (Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue()) {
+        case Settings::AstcDecodeMode::GPU:
+            if (Settings::values.astc_recompression.GetValue() ==
+                    Settings::AstcRecompression::Uncompressed &&
+                info.size.depth == 1) {
+                flags |= VideoCommon::ImageFlagBits::AcceleratedUpload;
+            }
+            break;
+        case Settings::AstcDecodeMode::CPUAsynchronous:
             flags |= VideoCommon::ImageFlagBits::AsynchronousDecode;
-        } else if (Settings::values.astc_recompression.GetValue() ==
-                       Settings::AstcRecompression::Uncompressed &&
-                   Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue() && info.size.depth == 1) {
-            flags |= VideoCommon::ImageFlagBits::AcceleratedUpload;
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
         }
         flags |= VideoCommon::ImageFlagBits::Converted;
         flags |= VideoCommon::ImageFlagBits::CostlyLoad;
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp b/src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp
index 195d3556c..786c1222f 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp
@@ -764,10 +764,8 @@ void Config::ReadRendererValues() {
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation);
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.nvdec_emulation);
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.accelerate_astc);
-    ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.async_astc);
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.astc_recompression);
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.use_reactive_flushing);
-    ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.shader_backend);
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.use_asynchronous_shaders);
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.use_fast_gpu_time);
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache);
@@ -1428,13 +1426,19 @@ void Config::SaveRendererValues() {
                  static_cast<u32>(Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.GetValue(global)),
                  static_cast<u32>(Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.GetDefault()),
                  Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.UsingGlobal());
-    WriteGlobalSetting(Settings::values.accelerate_astc);
-    WriteGlobalSetting(Settings::values.async_astc);
+    WriteSetting(QString::fromStdString(Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetLabel()),
+                 static_cast<u32>(Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue(global)),
+                 static_cast<u32>(Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetDefault()),
+                 Settings::values.accelerate_astc.UsingGlobal());
     WriteSetting(QString::fromStdString(Settings::values.astc_recompression.GetLabel()),
                  static_cast<u32>(Settings::values.astc_recompression.GetValue(global)),
                  static_cast<u32>(Settings::values.astc_recompression.GetDefault()),
                  Settings::values.astc_recompression.UsingGlobal());
     WriteGlobalSetting(Settings::values.use_reactive_flushing);
+    WriteSetting(QString::fromStdString(Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetLabel()),
+                 static_cast<u32>(Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue(global)),
+                 static_cast<u32>(Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetDefault()),
+                 Settings::values.shader_backend.UsingGlobal());
     WriteSetting(QString::fromStdString(Settings::values.shader_backend.GetLabel()),
                  static_cast<u32>(Settings::values.shader_backend.GetValue(global)),
                  static_cast<u32>(Settings::values.shader_backend.GetDefault()),
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/config.h b/src/yuzu/configuration/config.h
index 1211389d2..e066f7552 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/config.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/config.h
@@ -218,3 +218,4 @@ Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(Settings::AntiAliasing);
 Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(Settings::RendererBackend);
 Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(Settings::ShaderBackend);
 Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(Settings::AstcRecompression);
+Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(Settings::AstcDecodeMode);
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp
index a4965524a..e70781357 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp
@@ -194,14 +194,13 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::SetConfiguration() {
     ui->use_disk_shader_cache->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
     ui->nvdec_emulation_widget->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
     ui->resolution_combobox->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
-    ui->accelerate_astc->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
+    ui->astc_decode_mode_combobox->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
     ui->vsync_mode_layout->setEnabled(runtime_lock ||
                                       Settings::values.renderer_backend.GetValue() ==
                                           Settings::RendererBackend::Vulkan);
     ui->use_disk_shader_cache->setChecked(Settings::values.use_disk_shader_cache.GetValue());
     ui->use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation->setChecked(
         Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue());
-    ui->accelerate_astc->setChecked(Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue());
 
     if (Settings::IsConfiguringGlobal()) {
         ui->api->setCurrentIndex(static_cast<int>(Settings::values.renderer_backend.GetValue()));
@@ -222,6 +221,11 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::SetConfiguration() {
         ConfigurationShared::SetHighlight(ui->api_widget,
                                           !Settings::values.renderer_backend.UsingGlobal());
 
+        ConfigurationShared::SetPerGameSetting(ui->astc_decode_mode_combobox,
+                                               &Settings::values.accelerate_astc);
+        ConfigurationShared::SetHighlight(ui->astc_decode_mode_layout,
+                                          !Settings::values.accelerate_astc.UsingGlobal());
+
         ConfigurationShared::SetPerGameSetting(ui->nvdec_emulation,
                                                &Settings::values.nvdec_emulation);
         ConfigurationShared::SetHighlight(ui->nvdec_emulation_widget,
@@ -337,8 +341,8 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::ApplyConfiguration() {
     ConfigurationShared::ApplyPerGameSetting(&Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation,
                                              ui->use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation,
                                              use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation);
-    ConfigurationShared::ApplyPerGameSetting(&Settings::values.accelerate_astc, ui->accelerate_astc,
-                                             accelerate_astc);
+    ConfigurationShared::ApplyPerGameSetting(&Settings::values.accelerate_astc,
+                                             ui->astc_decode_mode_combobox);
 
     if (Settings::IsConfiguringGlobal()) {
         // Guard if during game and set to game-specific value
@@ -555,7 +559,7 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::SetupPerGameUI() {
         ui->use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation->setEnabled(
             Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.UsingGlobal());
         ui->nvdec_emulation->setEnabled(Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.UsingGlobal());
-        ui->accelerate_astc->setEnabled(Settings::values.accelerate_astc.UsingGlobal());
+        ui->astc_decode_mode_combobox->setEnabled(Settings::values.accelerate_astc.UsingGlobal());
         ui->use_disk_shader_cache->setEnabled(Settings::values.use_disk_shader_cache.UsingGlobal());
         ui->bg_button->setEnabled(Settings::values.bg_red.UsingGlobal());
         ui->fsr_slider_layout->setEnabled(Settings::values.fsr_sharpening_slider.UsingGlobal());
@@ -577,8 +581,6 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::SetupPerGameUI() {
 
     ConfigurationShared::SetColoredTristate(
         ui->use_disk_shader_cache, Settings::values.use_disk_shader_cache, use_disk_shader_cache);
-    ConfigurationShared::SetColoredTristate(ui->accelerate_astc, Settings::values.accelerate_astc,
-                                            accelerate_astc);
     ConfigurationShared::SetColoredTristate(ui->use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation,
                                             Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation,
                                             use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation);
@@ -597,6 +599,9 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::SetupPerGameUI() {
     ConfigurationShared::SetColoredComboBox(
         ui->anti_aliasing_combobox, ui->anti_aliasing_label,
         static_cast<int>(Settings::values.anti_aliasing.GetValue(true)));
+    ConfigurationShared::SetColoredComboBox(
+        ui->astc_decode_mode_combobox, ui->astc_decode_mode_label,
+        static_cast<int>(Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue(true)));
     ConfigurationShared::InsertGlobalItem(
         ui->api, static_cast<int>(Settings::values.renderer_backend.GetValue(true)));
     ConfigurationShared::InsertGlobalItem(
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.ui b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.ui
index 39f70e406..91b09625b 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.ui
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.ui
@@ -182,13 +182,6 @@
          </widget>
         </item>
         <item>
-         <widget class="QCheckBox" name="accelerate_astc">
-          <property name="text">
-           <string>Accelerate ASTC texture decoding</string>
-          </property>
-         </widget>
-        </item>
-        <item>
          <widget class="QWidget" name="vsync_mode_layout" native="true">
           <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_4">
            <property name="leftMargin">
@@ -227,6 +220,50 @@ Immediate (no synchronization) just presents whatever is available and can exhib
          </widget>
         </item>
         <item>
+         <widget class="QWidget" name="astc_decode_mode_layout" native="true">
+          <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_8">
+           <property name="leftMargin">
+            <number>0</number>
+           </property>
+           <property name="topMargin">
+            <number>0</number>
+           </property>
+           <property name="rightMargin">
+            <number>0</number>
+           </property>
+           <property name="bottomMargin">
+            <number>0</number>
+           </property>
+           <item>
+            <widget class="QLabel" name="astc_decode_mode_label">
+             <property name="text">
+              <string>ASTC Texture Decoding Method:</string>
+             </property>
+            </widget>
+           </item>
+           <item>
+            <widget class="QComboBox" name="astc_decode_mode_combobox">
+             <item>
+              <property name="text">
+               <string>CPU</string>
+              </property>
+             </item>
+             <item>
+              <property name="text">
+               <string>GPU Compute</string>
+              </property>
+             </item>
+             <item>
+              <property name="text">
+               <string>CPU Asynchronous (Hack)</string>
+              </property>
+             </item>
+            </widget>
+           </item>
+          </layout>
+         </widget>
+        </item>
+        <item>
          <widget class="QWidget" name="nvdec_emulation_widget" native="true">
           <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="nvdec_emulation_layout">
            <property name="leftMargin">
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics_advanced.cpp b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics_advanced.cpp
index c0a044767..e5c99f742 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics_advanced.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics_advanced.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ void ConfigureGraphicsAdvanced::SetConfiguration() {
     ui->use_reactive_flushing->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
     ui->async_present->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
     ui->renderer_force_max_clock->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
-    ui->async_astc->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
     ui->astc_recompression_combobox->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
     ui->use_asynchronous_shaders->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
     ui->anisotropic_filtering_combobox->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
@@ -35,7 +34,6 @@ void ConfigureGraphicsAdvanced::SetConfiguration() {
     ui->async_present->setChecked(Settings::values.async_presentation.GetValue());
     ui->renderer_force_max_clock->setChecked(Settings::values.renderer_force_max_clock.GetValue());
     ui->use_reactive_flushing->setChecked(Settings::values.use_reactive_flushing.GetValue());
-    ui->async_astc->setChecked(Settings::values.async_astc.GetValue());
     ui->use_asynchronous_shaders->setChecked(Settings::values.use_asynchronous_shaders.GetValue());
     ui->use_fast_gpu_time->setChecked(Settings::values.use_fast_gpu_time.GetValue());
     ui->use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache->setChecked(
@@ -79,8 +77,6 @@ void ConfigureGraphicsAdvanced::ApplyConfiguration() {
                                              ui->anisotropic_filtering_combobox);
     ConfigurationShared::ApplyPerGameSetting(&Settings::values.use_reactive_flushing,
                                              ui->use_reactive_flushing, use_reactive_flushing);
-    ConfigurationShared::ApplyPerGameSetting(&Settings::values.async_astc, ui->async_astc,
-                                             async_astc);
     ConfigurationShared::ApplyPerGameSetting(&Settings::values.astc_recompression,
                                              ui->astc_recompression_combobox);
     ConfigurationShared::ApplyPerGameSetting(&Settings::values.use_asynchronous_shaders,
@@ -121,7 +117,6 @@ void ConfigureGraphicsAdvanced::SetupPerGameUI() {
         ui->renderer_force_max_clock->setEnabled(
             Settings::values.renderer_force_max_clock.UsingGlobal());
         ui->use_reactive_flushing->setEnabled(Settings::values.use_reactive_flushing.UsingGlobal());
-        ui->async_astc->setEnabled(Settings::values.async_astc.UsingGlobal());
         ui->astc_recompression_combobox->setEnabled(
             Settings::values.astc_recompression.UsingGlobal());
         ui->use_asynchronous_shaders->setEnabled(
@@ -148,8 +143,6 @@ void ConfigureGraphicsAdvanced::SetupPerGameUI() {
                                             renderer_force_max_clock);
     ConfigurationShared::SetColoredTristate(
         ui->use_reactive_flushing, Settings::values.use_reactive_flushing, use_reactive_flushing);
-    ConfigurationShared::SetColoredTristate(ui->async_astc, Settings::values.async_astc,
-                                            async_astc);
     ConfigurationShared::SetColoredTristate(ui->use_asynchronous_shaders,
                                             Settings::values.use_asynchronous_shaders,
                                             use_asynchronous_shaders);
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics_advanced.ui b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics_advanced.ui
index d527a6f38..859ab9366 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics_advanced.ui
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics_advanced.ui
@@ -131,16 +131,6 @@
          </widget>
         </item>
         <item>
-         <widget class="QCheckBox" name="async_astc">
-          <property name="toolTip">
-           <string>Enables asynchronous ASTC texture decoding, which may reduce load time stutter. This feature is experimental.</string>
-          </property>
-          <property name="text">
-           <string>Decode ASTC textures asynchronously (Hack)</string>
-          </property>
-         </widget>
-        </item>
-        <item>
          <widget class="QCheckBox" name="use_reactive_flushing">
           <property name="toolTip">
            <string>Uses reactive flushing instead of predictive flushing. Allowing a more accurate syncing of memory.</string>
diff --git a/src/yuzu_cmd/config.cpp b/src/yuzu_cmd/config.cpp
index c5bc472ca..b2049ae57 100644
--- a/src/yuzu_cmd/config.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu_cmd/config.cpp
@@ -317,9 +317,7 @@ void Config::ReadValues() {
     ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.use_asynchronous_shaders);
     ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.nvdec_emulation);
     ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.accelerate_astc);
-    ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.async_astc);
     ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.astc_recompression);
-    ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.use_fast_gpu_time);
     ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache);
 
     ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.bg_red);