42 files changed, 414 insertions, 195 deletions

diff --git a/src/common/CMakeLists.txt b/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
index 57922b51c..b18a2a2f5 100644
--- a/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ add_library(common STATIC
     div_ceil.h
     dynamic_library.cpp
     dynamic_library.h
+    error.cpp
+    error.h
     fiber.cpp
     fiber.h
     fs/file.cpp
@@ -88,7 +90,6 @@ add_library(common STATIC
     microprofile.cpp
     microprofile.h
     microprofileui.h
-    misc.cpp
     nvidia_flags.cpp
     nvidia_flags.h
     page_table.cpp
diff --git a/src/common/common_funcs.h b/src/common/common_funcs.h
index 53bd7da60..1e74d6930 100644
--- a/src/common/common_funcs.h
+++ b/src/common/common_funcs.h
@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
-#include <string>
+#include <iterator>
 
 #if !defined(ARCHITECTURE_x86_64)
 #include <cstdlib> // for exit
@@ -49,16 +48,6 @@ __declspec(dllimport) void __stdcall DebugBreak(void);
 
 #endif // _MSC_VER ndef
 
-// Generic function to get last error message.
-// Call directly after the command or use the error num.
-// This function might change the error code.
-// Defined in misc.cpp.
-[[nodiscard]] std::string GetLastErrorMsg();
-
-// Like GetLastErrorMsg(), but passing an explicit error code.
-// Defined in misc.cpp.
-[[nodiscard]] std::string NativeErrorToString(int e);
-
 #define DECLARE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(type)                                                          \
     [[nodiscard]] constexpr type operator|(type a, type b) noexcept {                              \
         using T = std::underlying_type_t<type>;                                                    \
diff --git a/src/common/misc.cpp b/src/common/error.cpp
index 495385b9e..d4455e310 100644
--- a/src/common/misc.cpp
+++ b/src/common/error.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #endif
 
-#include "common/common_funcs.h"
+#include "common/error.h"
+
+namespace Common {
 
 std::string NativeErrorToString(int e) {
 #ifdef _WIN32
@@ -50,3 +52,5 @@ std::string GetLastErrorMsg() {
     return NativeErrorToString(errno);
 #endif
 }
+
+} // namespace Common
diff --git a/src/common/error.h b/src/common/error.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e084d4b0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/error.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright 2013 Dolphin Emulator Project / 2014 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace Common {
+
+// Generic function to get last error message.
+// Call directly after the command or use the error num.
+// This function might change the error code.
+// Defined in error.cpp.
+[[nodiscard]] std::string GetLastErrorMsg();
+
+// Like GetLastErrorMsg(), but passing an explicit error code.
+// Defined in error.cpp.
+[[nodiscard]] std::string NativeErrorToString(int e);
+
+} // namespace Common
diff --git a/src/common/settings.cpp b/src/common/settings.cpp
index fd3b639cd..0d2df80a8 100644
--- a/src/common/settings.cpp
+++ b/src/common/settings.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ void LogSettings() {
     log_setting("Renderer_GPUAccuracyLevel", values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue());
     log_setting("Renderer_UseAsynchronousGpuEmulation",
                 values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseNvdecEmulation", values.use_nvdec_emulation.GetValue());
+    log_setting("Renderer_NvdecEmulation", values.nvdec_emulation.GetValue());
     log_setting("Renderer_AccelerateASTC", values.accelerate_astc.GetValue());
     log_setting("Renderer_UseVsync", values.use_vsync.GetValue());
     log_setting("Renderer_ShaderBackend", values.shader_backend.GetValue());
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ void RestoreGlobalState(bool is_powered_on) {
     values.use_disk_shader_cache.SetGlobal(true);
     values.gpu_accuracy.SetGlobal(true);
     values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_nvdec_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
+    values.nvdec_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
     values.accelerate_astc.SetGlobal(true);
     values.use_vsync.SetGlobal(true);
     values.shader_backend.SetGlobal(true);
diff --git a/src/common/settings.h b/src/common/settings.h
index ec4d381e8..b7195670b 100644
--- a/src/common/settings.h
+++ b/src/common/settings.h
@@ -48,6 +48,12 @@ enum class FullscreenMode : u32 {
     Exclusive = 1,
 };
 
+enum class NvdecEmulation : u32 {
+    Off = 0,
+    CPU = 1,
+    GPU = 2,
+};
+
 /** The BasicSetting class is a simple resource manager. It defines a label and default value
  * alongside the actual value of the setting for simpler and less-error prone use with frontend
  * configurations. Setting a default value and label is required, though subclasses may deviate from
@@ -466,7 +472,7 @@ struct Values {
     RangedSetting<GPUAccuracy> gpu_accuracy{GPUAccuracy::High, GPUAccuracy::Normal,
                                             GPUAccuracy::Extreme, "gpu_accuracy"};
     Setting<bool> use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation{true, "use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation"};
-    Setting<bool> use_nvdec_emulation{true, "use_nvdec_emulation"};
+    Setting<NvdecEmulation> nvdec_emulation{NvdecEmulation::GPU, "nvdec_emulation"};
     Setting<bool> accelerate_astc{true, "accelerate_astc"};
     Setting<bool> use_vsync{true, "use_vsync"};
     BasicRangedSetting<u16> fps_cap{1000, 1, 1000, "fps_cap"};
diff --git a/src/common/thread.cpp b/src/common/thread.cpp
index d2c1ac60d..946a1114d 100644
--- a/src/common/thread.cpp
+++ b/src/common/thread.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#include "common/common_funcs.h"
+#include <string>
+
+#include "common/error.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/thread.h"
 #ifdef __APPLE__
@@ -21,8 +23,6 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
-#include <string>
-
 #ifdef __FreeBSD__
 #define cpu_set_t cpuset_t
 #endif
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/kernel_executable.h b/src/core/file_sys/kernel_executable.h
index 044c554d3..79ca82f8b 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/kernel_executable.h
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/kernel_executable.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
+#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
diff --git a/src/core/hle/api_version.h b/src/core/hle/api_version.h
index 43d5670a9..626e30753 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/api_version.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/api_version.h
@@ -28,13 +28,20 @@ constexpr char DISPLAY_TITLE[] = "NintendoSDK Firmware for NX 12.1.0-1.0";
 
 // Atmosphere version constants.
 
-constexpr u8 ATMOSPHERE_RELEASE_VERSION_MAJOR = 0;
-constexpr u8 ATMOSPHERE_RELEASE_VERSION_MINOR = 19;
-constexpr u8 ATMOSPHERE_RELEASE_VERSION_MICRO = 5;
+constexpr u8 ATMOSPHERE_RELEASE_VERSION_MAJOR = 1;
+constexpr u8 ATMOSPHERE_RELEASE_VERSION_MINOR = 0;
+constexpr u8 ATMOSPHERE_RELEASE_VERSION_MICRO = 0;
+
+constexpr u32 AtmosphereTargetFirmwareWithRevision(u8 major, u8 minor, u8 micro, u8 rev) {
+    return u32{major} << 24 | u32{minor} << 16 | u32{micro} << 8 | u32{rev};
+}
+
+constexpr u32 AtmosphereTargetFirmware(u8 major, u8 minor, u8 micro) {
+    return AtmosphereTargetFirmwareWithRevision(major, minor, micro, 0);
+}
 
 constexpr u32 GetTargetFirmware() {
-    return u32{HOS_VERSION_MAJOR} << 24 | u32{HOS_VERSION_MINOR} << 16 |
-           u32{HOS_VERSION_MICRO} << 8 | 0U;
+    return AtmosphereTargetFirmware(HOS_VERSION_MAJOR, HOS_VERSION_MINOR, HOS_VERSION_MICRO);
 }
 
 } // namespace HLE::ApiVersion
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.h
index 3a6db0b1c..901d43da9 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
+#include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp
index ce6065db2..a33e47d0b 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp
@@ -42,15 +42,14 @@ void nvdisp_disp0::OnClose(DeviceFD fd) {}
 void nvdisp_disp0::flip(u32 buffer_handle, u32 offset, u32 format, u32 width, u32 height,
                         u32 stride, NVFlinger::BufferQueue::BufferTransformFlags transform,
                         const Common::Rectangle<int>& crop_rect) {
-    VAddr addr = nvmap_dev->GetObjectAddress(buffer_handle);
+    const VAddr addr = nvmap_dev->GetObjectAddress(buffer_handle);
     LOG_TRACE(Service,
               "Drawing from address {:X} offset {:08X} Width {} Height {} Stride {} Format {}",
               addr, offset, width, height, stride, format);
 
-    using PixelFormat = Tegra::FramebufferConfig::PixelFormat;
-    const Tegra::FramebufferConfig framebuffer{
-        addr,      offset,   width, height, stride, static_cast<PixelFormat>(format),
-        transform, crop_rect};
+    const auto pixel_format = static_cast<Tegra::FramebufferConfig::PixelFormat>(format);
+    const Tegra::FramebufferConfig framebuffer{addr,   offset,       width,     height,
+                                               stride, pixel_format, transform, crop_rect};
 
     system.GetPerfStats().EndSystemFrame();
     system.GPU().SwapBuffers(&framebuffer);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue.h
index 759247eb0..78de3f354 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue.h
@@ -42,7 +42,9 @@ struct IGBPBuffer {
     u32_le index;
     INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(3);
     u32_le gpu_buffer_id;
-    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(17);
+    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(6);
+    u32_le external_format;
+    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(10);
     u32_le nvmap_handle;
     u32_le offset;
     INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(60);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.cpp
index 00bff8caf..3ead813b0 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.cpp
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ void NVFlinger::Compose() {
         auto nvdisp = nvdrv->GetDevice<Nvidia::Devices::nvdisp_disp0>("/dev/nvdisp_disp0");
         ASSERT(nvdisp);
 
-        nvdisp->flip(igbp_buffer.gpu_buffer_id, igbp_buffer.offset, igbp_buffer.format,
+        nvdisp->flip(igbp_buffer.gpu_buffer_id, igbp_buffer.offset, igbp_buffer.external_format,
                      igbp_buffer.width, igbp_buffer.height, igbp_buffer.stride,
                      buffer->get().transform, buffer->get().crop_rect);
 
diff --git a/src/core/network/network.cpp b/src/core/network/network.cpp
index 4732d4485..72eea52f0 100644
--- a/src/core/network/network.cpp
+++ b/src/core/network/network.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 #include <limits>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
-#include "common/common_funcs.h"
+
+#include "common/error.h"
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #include <winsock2.h>
@@ -223,7 +224,7 @@ Errno GetAndLogLastError() {
     if (err == Errno::AGAIN) {
         return err;
     }
-    LOG_ERROR(Network, "Socket operation error: {}", NativeErrorToString(e));
+    LOG_ERROR(Network, "Socket operation error: {}", Common::NativeErrorToString(e));
     return err;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/telemetry_session.cpp b/src/core/telemetry_session.cpp
index 5a8cfd301..1f1607998 100644
--- a/src/core/telemetry_session.cpp
+++ b/src/core/telemetry_session.cpp
@@ -72,6 +72,18 @@ static const char* TranslateGPUAccuracyLevel(Settings::GPUAccuracy backend) {
     return "Unknown";
 }
 
+static const char* TranslateNvdecEmulation(Settings::NvdecEmulation backend) {
+    switch (backend) {
+    case Settings::NvdecEmulation::Off:
+        return "Off";
+    case Settings::NvdecEmulation::CPU:
+        return "CPU";
+    case Settings::NvdecEmulation::GPU:
+        return "GPU";
+    }
+    return "Unknown";
+}
+
 u64 GetTelemetryId() {
     u64 telemetry_id{};
     const auto filename = Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::ConfigDir) / "telemetry_id";
@@ -229,8 +241,8 @@ void TelemetrySession::AddInitialInfo(Loader::AppLoader& app_loader,
              TranslateGPUAccuracyLevel(Settings::values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue()));
     AddField(field_type, "Renderer_UseAsynchronousGpuEmulation",
              Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue());
-    AddField(field_type, "Renderer_UseNvdecEmulation",
-             Settings::values.use_nvdec_emulation.GetValue());
+    AddField(field_type, "Renderer_NvdecEmulation",
+             TranslateNvdecEmulation(Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.GetValue()));
     AddField(field_type, "Renderer_AccelerateASTC", Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue());
     AddField(field_type, "Renderer_UseVsync", Settings::values.use_vsync.GetValue());
     AddField(field_type, "Renderer_ShaderBackend",
diff --git a/src/video_core/CMakeLists.txt b/src/video_core/CMakeLists.txt
index 2f6cdd216..269db21a5 100644
--- a/src/video_core/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/video_core/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ endif()
 
 target_include_directories(video_core PRIVATE ${FFmpeg_INCLUDE_DIR})
 target_link_libraries(video_core PRIVATE ${FFmpeg_LIBRARIES})
+target_link_options(video_core PRIVATE ${FFmpeg_LDFLAGS})
 
 add_dependencies(video_core host_shaders)
 target_include_directories(video_core PRIVATE ${HOST_SHADERS_INCLUDE})
diff --git a/src/video_core/command_classes/codecs/codec.cpp b/src/video_core/command_classes/codecs/codec.cpp
index f798a0053..61966cbfe 100644
--- a/src/video_core/command_classes/codecs/codec.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/command_classes/codecs/codec.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <fstream>
 #include <vector>
 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/settings.h"
 #include "video_core/command_classes/codecs/codec.h"
 #include "video_core/command_classes/codecs/h264.h"
 #include "video_core/command_classes/codecs/vp9.h"
@@ -16,108 +17,146 @@ extern "C" {
 }
 
 namespace Tegra {
-#if defined(LIBVA_FOUND)
-// Hardware acceleration code from FFmpeg/doc/examples/hw_decode.c originally under MIT license
 namespace {
-constexpr std::array<const char*, 2> VAAPI_DRIVERS = {
-    "i915",
-    "amdgpu",
-};
+constexpr AVPixelFormat PREFERRED_GPU_FMT = AV_PIX_FMT_NV12;
+constexpr AVPixelFormat PREFERRED_CPU_FMT = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
+
+void AVPacketDeleter(AVPacket* ptr) {
+    av_packet_free(&ptr);
+}
 
-AVPixelFormat GetHwFormat(AVCodecContext*, const AVPixelFormat* pix_fmts) {
+using AVPacketPtr = std::unique_ptr<AVPacket, decltype(&AVPacketDeleter)>;
+
+AVPixelFormat GetGpuFormat(AVCodecContext* av_codec_ctx, const AVPixelFormat* pix_fmts) {
     for (const AVPixelFormat* p = pix_fmts; *p != AV_PIX_FMT_NONE; ++p) {
-        if (*p == AV_PIX_FMT_VAAPI) {
-            return AV_PIX_FMT_VAAPI;
+        if (*p == av_codec_ctx->pix_fmt) {
+            return av_codec_ctx->pix_fmt;
         }
     }
     LOG_INFO(Service_NVDRV, "Could not find compatible GPU AV format, falling back to CPU");
-    return *pix_fmts;
+    av_buffer_unref(&av_codec_ctx->hw_device_ctx);
+    av_codec_ctx->pix_fmt = PREFERRED_CPU_FMT;
+    return PREFERRED_CPU_FMT;
+}
+} // namespace
+
+void AVFrameDeleter(AVFrame* ptr) {
+    av_frame_free(&ptr);
 }
 
-bool CreateVaapiHwdevice(AVBufferRef** av_hw_device) {
+Codec::Codec(GPU& gpu_, const NvdecCommon::NvdecRegisters& regs)
+    : gpu(gpu_), state{regs}, h264_decoder(std::make_unique<Decoder::H264>(gpu)),
+      vp9_decoder(std::make_unique<Decoder::VP9>(gpu)) {}
+
+Codec::~Codec() {
+    if (!initialized) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // Free libav memory
+    avcodec_free_context(&av_codec_ctx);
+    av_buffer_unref(&av_gpu_decoder);
+}
+
+bool Codec::CreateGpuAvDevice() {
+#if defined(LIBVA_FOUND)
+    static constexpr std::array<const char*, 3> VAAPI_DRIVERS = {
+        "i915",
+        "iHD",
+        "amdgpu",
+    };
     AVDictionary* hwdevice_options = nullptr;
     av_dict_set(&hwdevice_options, "connection_type", "drm", 0);
     for (const auto& driver : VAAPI_DRIVERS) {
         av_dict_set(&hwdevice_options, "kernel_driver", driver, 0);
-        const int hwdevice_error = av_hwdevice_ctx_create(av_hw_device, AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_VAAPI,
+        const int hwdevice_error = av_hwdevice_ctx_create(&av_gpu_decoder, AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_VAAPI,
                                                           nullptr, hwdevice_options, 0);
         if (hwdevice_error >= 0) {
             LOG_INFO(Service_NVDRV, "Using VA-API with {}", driver);
             av_dict_free(&hwdevice_options);
+            av_codec_ctx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_VAAPI;
             return true;
         }
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "VA-API av_hwdevice_ctx_create failed {}", hwdevice_error);
     }
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "VA-API av_hwdevice_ctx_create failed for all drivers");
     av_dict_free(&hwdevice_options);
-    return false;
-}
-} // namespace
 #endif
-
-void AVFrameDeleter(AVFrame* ptr) {
-    av_frame_free(&ptr);
+    static constexpr auto HW_CONFIG_METHOD = AV_CODEC_HW_CONFIG_METHOD_HW_DEVICE_CTX;
+    static constexpr std::array GPU_DECODER_TYPES{
+        AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_CUDA,
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_D3D11VA,
+#else
+        AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_VDPAU,
+#endif
+    };
+    for (const auto& type : GPU_DECODER_TYPES) {
+        const int hwdevice_res = av_hwdevice_ctx_create(&av_gpu_decoder, type, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
+        if (hwdevice_res < 0) {
+            LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "{} av_hwdevice_ctx_create failed {}",
+                      av_hwdevice_get_type_name(type), hwdevice_res);
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0;; i++) {
+            const AVCodecHWConfig* config = avcodec_get_hw_config(av_codec, i);
+            if (!config) {
+                LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "{} decoder does not support device type {}.",
+                          av_codec->name, av_hwdevice_get_type_name(type));
+                break;
+            }
+            if (config->methods & HW_CONFIG_METHOD && config->device_type == type) {
+                av_codec_ctx->pix_fmt = config->pix_fmt;
+                LOG_INFO(Service_NVDRV, "Using {} GPU decoder", av_hwdevice_get_type_name(type));
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
 }
 
-Codec::Codec(GPU& gpu_, const NvdecCommon::NvdecRegisters& regs)
-    : gpu(gpu_), state{regs}, h264_decoder(std::make_unique<Decoder::H264>(gpu)),
-      vp9_decoder(std::make_unique<Decoder::VP9>(gpu)) {}
-
-Codec::~Codec() {
-    if (!initialized) {
-        return;
-    }
-    // Free libav memory
-    avcodec_send_packet(av_codec_ctx, nullptr);
-    AVFrame* av_frame = av_frame_alloc();
-    avcodec_receive_frame(av_codec_ctx, av_frame);
-    avcodec_flush_buffers(av_codec_ctx);
-    av_frame_free(&av_frame);
-    avcodec_close(av_codec_ctx);
-    av_buffer_unref(&av_hw_device);
+void Codec::InitializeAvCodecContext() {
+    av_codec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(av_codec);
+    av_opt_set(av_codec_ctx->priv_data, "tune", "zerolatency", 0);
 }
 
-void Codec::InitializeHwdec() {
-    // Prioritize integrated GPU to mitigate bandwidth bottlenecks
-#if defined(LIBVA_FOUND)
-    if (CreateVaapiHwdevice(&av_hw_device)) {
-        const auto hw_device_ctx = av_buffer_ref(av_hw_device);
-        ASSERT_MSG(hw_device_ctx, "av_buffer_ref failed");
-        av_codec_ctx->hw_device_ctx = hw_device_ctx;
-        av_codec_ctx->get_format = GetHwFormat;
+void Codec::InitializeGpuDecoder() {
+    if (!CreateGpuAvDevice()) {
+        av_buffer_unref(&av_gpu_decoder);
         return;
     }
-#endif
-    // TODO more GPU accelerated decoders
+    auto* hw_device_ctx = av_buffer_ref(av_gpu_decoder);
+    ASSERT_MSG(hw_device_ctx, "av_buffer_ref failed");
+    av_codec_ctx->hw_device_ctx = hw_device_ctx;
+    av_codec_ctx->get_format = GetGpuFormat;
 }
 
 void Codec::Initialize() {
-    AVCodecID codec;
-    switch (current_codec) {
-    case NvdecCommon::VideoCodec::H264:
-        codec = AV_CODEC_ID_H264;
-        break;
-    case NvdecCommon::VideoCodec::Vp9:
-        codec = AV_CODEC_ID_VP9;
-        break;
-    default:
-        UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unknown codec {}", current_codec);
+    const AVCodecID codec = [&] {
+        switch (current_codec) {
+        case NvdecCommon::VideoCodec::H264:
+            return AV_CODEC_ID_H264;
+        case NvdecCommon::VideoCodec::Vp9:
+            return AV_CODEC_ID_VP9;
+        default:
+            UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unknown codec {}", current_codec);
+            return AV_CODEC_ID_NONE;
+        }
+    }();
+    av_codec = avcodec_find_decoder(codec);
+
+    InitializeAvCodecContext();
+    if (Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.GetValue() == Settings::NvdecEmulation::GPU) {
+        InitializeGpuDecoder();
+    }
+    if (const int res = avcodec_open2(av_codec_ctx, av_codec, nullptr); res < 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Service_NVDRV, "avcodec_open2() Failed with result {}", res);
+        avcodec_free_context(&av_codec_ctx);
+        av_buffer_unref(&av_gpu_decoder);
         return;
     }
-    av_codec = avcodec_find_decoder(codec);
-    av_codec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(av_codec);
-    av_opt_set(av_codec_ctx->priv_data, "tune", "zerolatency", 0);
-    InitializeHwdec();
     if (!av_codec_ctx->hw_device_ctx) {
         LOG_INFO(Service_NVDRV, "Using FFmpeg software decoding");
     }
-    const auto av_error = avcodec_open2(av_codec_ctx, av_codec, nullptr);
-    if (av_error < 0) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Service_NVDRV, "avcodec_open2() Failed.");
-        avcodec_close(av_codec_ctx);
-        av_buffer_unref(&av_hw_device);
-        return;
-    }
     initialized = true;
 }
 
@@ -133,6 +172,9 @@ void Codec::Decode() {
     if (is_first_frame) {
         Initialize();
     }
+    if (!initialized) {
+        return;
+    }
     bool vp9_hidden_frame = false;
     std::vector<u8> frame_data;
     if (current_codec == NvdecCommon::VideoCodec::H264) {
@@ -141,50 +183,48 @@ void Codec::Decode() {
         frame_data = vp9_decoder->ComposeFrameHeader(state);
         vp9_hidden_frame = vp9_decoder->WasFrameHidden();
     }
-    AVPacket packet{};
-    av_init_packet(&packet);
-    packet.data = frame_data.data();
-    packet.size = static_cast<s32>(frame_data.size());
-    if (const int ret = avcodec_send_packet(av_codec_ctx, &packet); ret) {
-        LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "avcodec_send_packet error {}", ret);
+    AVPacketPtr packet{av_packet_alloc(), AVPacketDeleter};
+    if (!packet) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Service_NVDRV, "av_packet_alloc failed");
+        return;
+    }
+    packet->data = frame_data.data();
+    packet->size = static_cast<s32>(frame_data.size());
+    if (const int res = avcodec_send_packet(av_codec_ctx, packet.get()); res != 0) {
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "avcodec_send_packet error {}", res);
         return;
     }
     // Only receive/store visible frames
     if (vp9_hidden_frame) {
         return;
     }
-    AVFrame* hw_frame = av_frame_alloc();
-    AVFrame* sw_frame = hw_frame;
-    ASSERT_MSG(hw_frame, "av_frame_alloc hw_frame failed");
-    if (const int ret = avcodec_receive_frame(av_codec_ctx, hw_frame); ret) {
+    AVFramePtr initial_frame{av_frame_alloc(), AVFrameDeleter};
+    AVFramePtr final_frame{nullptr, AVFrameDeleter};
+    ASSERT_MSG(initial_frame, "av_frame_alloc initial_frame failed");
+    if (const int ret = avcodec_receive_frame(av_codec_ctx, initial_frame.get()); ret) {
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "avcodec_receive_frame error {}", ret);
-        av_frame_free(&hw_frame);
         return;
     }
-    if (!hw_frame->width || !hw_frame->height) {
+    if (initial_frame->width == 0 || initial_frame->height == 0) {
         LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV, "Zero width or height in frame");
-        av_frame_free(&hw_frame);
         return;
     }
-#if defined(LIBVA_FOUND)
-    // Hardware acceleration code from FFmpeg/doc/examples/hw_decode.c under MIT license
-    if (hw_frame->format == AV_PIX_FMT_VAAPI) {
-        sw_frame = av_frame_alloc();
-        ASSERT_MSG(sw_frame, "av_frame_alloc sw_frame failed");
+    if (av_codec_ctx->hw_device_ctx) {
+        final_frame = AVFramePtr{av_frame_alloc(), AVFrameDeleter};
+        ASSERT_MSG(final_frame, "av_frame_alloc final_frame failed");
         // Can't use AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P and share code with software decoding in vic.cpp
         // because Intel drivers crash unless using AV_PIX_FMT_NV12
-        sw_frame->format = AV_PIX_FMT_NV12;
-        const int transfer_data_ret = av_hwframe_transfer_data(sw_frame, hw_frame, 0);
-        ASSERT_MSG(!transfer_data_ret, "av_hwframe_transfer_data error {}", transfer_data_ret);
-        av_frame_free(&hw_frame);
+        final_frame->format = PREFERRED_GPU_FMT;
+        const int ret = av_hwframe_transfer_data(final_frame.get(), initial_frame.get(), 0);
+        ASSERT_MSG(!ret, "av_hwframe_transfer_data error {}", ret);
+    } else {
+        final_frame = std::move(initial_frame);
     }
-#endif
-    if (sw_frame->format != AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P && sw_frame->format != AV_PIX_FMT_NV12) {
-        UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unexpected video format from host graphics: {}", sw_frame->format);
-        av_frame_free(&sw_frame);
+    if (final_frame->format != PREFERRED_CPU_FMT && final_frame->format != PREFERRED_GPU_FMT) {
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unexpected video format: {}", final_frame->format);
         return;
     }
-    av_frames.push(AVFramePtr{sw_frame, AVFrameDeleter});
+    av_frames.push(std::move(final_frame));
     if (av_frames.size() > 10) {
         LOG_TRACE(Service_NVDRV, "av_frames.push overflow dropped frame");
         av_frames.pop();
diff --git a/src/video_core/command_classes/codecs/codec.h b/src/video_core/command_classes/codecs/codec.h
index 71936203f..f9a80886f 100644
--- a/src/video_core/command_classes/codecs/codec.h
+++ b/src/video_core/command_classes/codecs/codec.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <queue>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "video_core/command_classes/nvdec_common.h"
@@ -50,18 +51,23 @@ public:
 
     /// Returns the value of current_codec
     [[nodiscard]] NvdecCommon::VideoCodec GetCurrentCodec() const;
+
     /// Return name of the current codec
     [[nodiscard]] std::string_view GetCurrentCodecName() const;
 
 private:
-    void InitializeHwdec();
+    void InitializeAvCodecContext();
+
+    void InitializeGpuDecoder();
+
+    bool CreateGpuAvDevice();
 
     bool initialized{};
     NvdecCommon::VideoCodec current_codec{NvdecCommon::VideoCodec::None};
 
     AVCodec* av_codec{nullptr};
-    AVBufferRef* av_hw_device{nullptr};
     AVCodecContext* av_codec_ctx{nullptr};
+    AVBufferRef* av_gpu_decoder{nullptr};
 
     GPU& gpu;
     const NvdecCommon::NvdecRegisters& state;
diff --git a/src/video_core/command_classes/codecs/h264.cpp b/src/video_core/command_classes/codecs/h264.cpp
index 5fb6d45ee..51ee14c13 100644
--- a/src/video_core/command_classes/codecs/h264.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/command_classes/codecs/h264.cpp
@@ -95,7 +95,8 @@ const std::vector<u8>& H264::ComposeFrameHeader(const NvdecCommon::NvdecRegister
     const s32 pic_height = context.h264_parameter_set.frame_height_in_map_units /
                            (context.h264_parameter_set.frame_mbs_only_flag ? 1 : 2);
 
-    writer.WriteUe(16);
+    // TODO (ameerj): Where do we get this number, it seems to be particular for each stream
+    writer.WriteUe(6); // Max number of reference frames
     writer.WriteBit(false);
     writer.WriteUe(context.h264_parameter_set.pic_width_in_mbs - 1);
     writer.WriteUe(pic_height - 1);
diff --git a/src/video_core/memory_manager.cpp b/src/video_core/memory_manager.cpp
index c60ed6453..dce00e829 100644
--- a/src/video_core/memory_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/memory_manager.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <algorithm>
+
 #include "common/alignment.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.cpp
index 7c9b0d6db..9ff0a28cd 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.cpp
@@ -164,7 +164,8 @@ void RendererVulkan::SwapBuffers(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig* framebuffer) {
         blit_screen.Recreate();
     }
     const VkSemaphore render_semaphore = blit_screen.DrawToSwapchain(*framebuffer, use_accelerated);
-    scheduler.Flush(render_semaphore);
+    const VkSemaphore present_semaphore = swapchain.CurrentPresentSemaphore();
+    scheduler.Flush(render_semaphore, present_semaphore);
     scheduler.WaitWorker();
     swapchain.Present(render_semaphore);
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_blit_screen.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_blit_screen.cpp
index cb0580182..888bc7392 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_blit_screen.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_blit_screen.cpp
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ void VKBlitScreen::CreateDescriptorPool() {
 void VKBlitScreen::CreateRenderPass() {
     const VkAttachmentDescription color_attachment{
         .flags = 0,
-        .format = swapchain.GetImageFormat(),
+        .format = swapchain.GetImageViewFormat(),
         .samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
         .loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
         .storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.cpp
index 8e77e4796..adb557f60 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <span>
 #include <vector>
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp
index 3ac18ea54..841a6b846 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp
@@ -228,9 +228,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::Clear() {
     };
 
     const u32 color_attachment = regs.clear_buffers.RT;
-    const auto attachment_aspect_mask = framebuffer->ImageRanges()[color_attachment].aspectMask;
-    const bool is_color_rt = (attachment_aspect_mask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT) != 0;
-    if (use_color && is_color_rt) {
+    if (use_color && framebuffer->HasAspectColorBit(color_attachment)) {
         VkClearValue clear_value;
         std::memcpy(clear_value.color.float32, regs.clear_color, sizeof(regs.clear_color));
 
@@ -248,12 +246,15 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::Clear() {
         return;
     }
     VkImageAspectFlags aspect_flags = 0;
-    if (use_depth) {
+    if (use_depth && framebuffer->HasAspectDepthBit()) {
         aspect_flags |= VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
     }
-    if (use_stencil) {
+    if (use_stencil && framebuffer->HasAspectStencilBit()) {
         aspect_flags |= VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
     }
+    if (aspect_flags == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
     scheduler.Record([clear_depth = regs.clear_depth, clear_stencil = regs.clear_stencil,
                       clear_rect, aspect_flags](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         VkClearAttachment attachment;
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.cpp
index 4840962de..1d438787a 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.cpp
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ VKScheduler::~VKScheduler() {
     worker_thread.join();
 }
 
-void VKScheduler::Flush(VkSemaphore semaphore) {
-    SubmitExecution(semaphore);
+void VKScheduler::Flush(VkSemaphore signal_semaphore, VkSemaphore wait_semaphore) {
+    SubmitExecution(signal_semaphore, wait_semaphore);
     AllocateNewContext();
 }
 
-void VKScheduler::Finish(VkSemaphore semaphore) {
+void VKScheduler::Finish(VkSemaphore signal_semaphore, VkSemaphore wait_semaphore) {
     const u64 presubmit_tick = CurrentTick();
-    SubmitExecution(semaphore);
+    SubmitExecution(signal_semaphore, wait_semaphore);
     WaitWorker();
     Wait(presubmit_tick);
     AllocateNewContext();
@@ -171,37 +171,41 @@ void VKScheduler::AllocateWorkerCommandBuffer() {
     });
 }
 
-void VKScheduler::SubmitExecution(VkSemaphore semaphore) {
+void VKScheduler::SubmitExecution(VkSemaphore signal_semaphore, VkSemaphore wait_semaphore) {
     EndPendingOperations();
     InvalidateState();
 
     const u64 signal_value = master_semaphore->NextTick();
-    Record([semaphore, signal_value, this](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+    Record([signal_semaphore, wait_semaphore, signal_value, this](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         cmdbuf.End();
-
-        const u32 num_signal_semaphores = semaphore ? 2U : 1U;
-
-        const u64 wait_value = signal_value - 1;
-        const VkPipelineStageFlags wait_stage_mask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT;
-
         const VkSemaphore timeline_semaphore = master_semaphore->Handle();
+
+        const u32 num_signal_semaphores = signal_semaphore ? 2U : 1U;
         const std::array signal_values{signal_value, u64(0)};
-        const std::array signal_semaphores{timeline_semaphore, semaphore};
+        const std::array signal_semaphores{timeline_semaphore, signal_semaphore};
+
+        const u32 num_wait_semaphores = wait_semaphore ? 2U : 1U;
+        const std::array wait_values{signal_value - 1, u64(1)};
+        const std::array wait_semaphores{timeline_semaphore, wait_semaphore};
+        static constexpr std::array<VkPipelineStageFlags, 2> wait_stage_masks{
+            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT,
+            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+        };
 
         const VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfoKHR timeline_si{
             .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TIMELINE_SEMAPHORE_SUBMIT_INFO_KHR,
             .pNext = nullptr,
-            .waitSemaphoreValueCount = 1,
-            .pWaitSemaphoreValues = &wait_value,
+            .waitSemaphoreValueCount = num_wait_semaphores,
+            .pWaitSemaphoreValues = wait_values.data(),
             .signalSemaphoreValueCount = num_signal_semaphores,
             .pSignalSemaphoreValues = signal_values.data(),
         };
         const VkSubmitInfo submit_info{
             .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
             .pNext = &timeline_si,
-            .waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
-            .pWaitSemaphores = &timeline_semaphore,
-            .pWaitDstStageMask = &wait_stage_mask,
+            .waitSemaphoreCount = num_wait_semaphores,
+            .pWaitSemaphores = wait_semaphores.data(),
+            .pWaitDstStageMask = wait_stage_masks.data(),
             .commandBufferCount = 1,
             .pCommandBuffers = cmdbuf.address(),
             .signalSemaphoreCount = num_signal_semaphores,
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h
index cf39a2363..759ed5a48 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ public:
     ~VKScheduler();
 
     /// Sends the current execution context to the GPU.
-    void Flush(VkSemaphore semaphore = nullptr);
+    void Flush(VkSemaphore signal_semaphore = nullptr, VkSemaphore wait_semaphore = nullptr);
 
     /// Sends the current execution context to the GPU and waits for it to complete.
-    void Finish(VkSemaphore semaphore = nullptr);
+    void Finish(VkSemaphore signal_semaphore = nullptr, VkSemaphore wait_semaphore = nullptr);
 
     /// Waits for the worker thread to finish executing everything. After this function returns it's
     /// safe to touch worker resources.
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ private:
 
     void AllocateWorkerCommandBuffer();
 
-    void SubmitExecution(VkSemaphore semaphore);
+    void SubmitExecution(VkSemaphore signal_semaphore, VkSemaphore wait_semaphore);
 
     void AllocateNewContext();
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.cpp
index d990eefba..aadf03cb0 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.cpp
@@ -20,16 +20,15 @@ namespace Vulkan {
 
 namespace {
 
-VkSurfaceFormatKHR ChooseSwapSurfaceFormat(vk::Span<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats, bool srgb) {
+VkSurfaceFormatKHR ChooseSwapSurfaceFormat(vk::Span<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats) {
     if (formats.size() == 1 && formats[0].format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
         VkSurfaceFormatKHR format;
         format.format = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
         format.colorSpace = VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR;
         return format;
     }
-    const auto& found = std::find_if(formats.begin(), formats.end(), [srgb](const auto& format) {
-        const auto request_format = srgb ? VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB : VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
-        return format.format == request_format &&
+    const auto& found = std::find_if(formats.begin(), formats.end(), [](const auto& format) {
+        return format.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM &&
                format.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR;
     });
     return found != formats.end() ? *found : formats[0];
@@ -107,14 +106,12 @@ void VKSwapchain::AcquireNextImage() {
 }
 
 void VKSwapchain::Present(VkSemaphore render_semaphore) {
-    const VkSemaphore present_semaphore{*present_semaphores[frame_index]};
-    const std::array<VkSemaphore, 2> semaphores{present_semaphore, render_semaphore};
     const auto present_queue{device.GetPresentQueue()};
     const VkPresentInfoKHR present_info{
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR,
         .pNext = nullptr,
-        .waitSemaphoreCount = render_semaphore ? 2U : 1U,
-        .pWaitSemaphores = semaphores.data(),
+        .waitSemaphoreCount = render_semaphore ? 1U : 0U,
+        .pWaitSemaphores = &render_semaphore,
         .swapchainCount = 1,
         .pSwapchains = swapchain.address(),
         .pImageIndices = &image_index,
@@ -145,7 +142,7 @@ void VKSwapchain::CreateSwapchain(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities,
     const auto formats{physical_device.GetSurfaceFormatsKHR(surface)};
     const auto present_modes{physical_device.GetSurfacePresentModesKHR(surface)};
 
-    const VkSurfaceFormatKHR surface_format{ChooseSwapSurfaceFormat(formats, srgb)};
+    const VkSurfaceFormatKHR surface_format{ChooseSwapSurfaceFormat(formats)};
     const VkPresentModeKHR present_mode{ChooseSwapPresentMode(present_modes)};
 
     u32 requested_image_count{capabilities.minImageCount + 1};
@@ -180,6 +177,17 @@ void VKSwapchain::CreateSwapchain(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities,
         swapchain_ci.queueFamilyIndexCount = static_cast<u32>(queue_indices.size());
         swapchain_ci.pQueueFamilyIndices = queue_indices.data();
     }
+    static constexpr std::array view_formats{VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB};
+    VkImageFormatListCreateInfo format_list{
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+        .pNext = nullptr,
+        .viewFormatCount = static_cast<u32>(view_formats.size()),
+        .pViewFormats = view_formats.data(),
+    };
+    if (device.IsKhrSwapchainMutableFormatEnabled()) {
+        format_list.pNext = std::exchange(swapchain_ci.pNext, &format_list);
+        swapchain_ci.flags |= VK_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT_KHR;
+    }
     // Request the size again to reduce the possibility of a TOCTOU race condition.
     const auto updated_capabilities = physical_device.GetSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(surface);
     swapchain_ci.imageExtent = ChooseSwapExtent(updated_capabilities, width, height);
@@ -191,7 +199,7 @@ void VKSwapchain::CreateSwapchain(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities,
 
     images = swapchain.GetImages();
     image_count = static_cast<u32>(images.size());
-    image_format = surface_format.format;
+    image_view_format = srgb ? VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB : VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
 }
 
 void VKSwapchain::CreateSemaphores() {
@@ -207,7 +215,7 @@ void VKSwapchain::CreateImageViews() {
         .flags = 0,
         .image = {},
         .viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
-        .format = image_format,
+        .format = image_view_format,
         .components =
             {
                 .r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.h
index 35c2cdc14..5bce41e21 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_swapchain.h
@@ -68,8 +68,12 @@ public:
         return *image_views[index];
     }
 
-    VkFormat GetImageFormat() const {
-        return image_format;
+    VkFormat GetImageViewFormat() const {
+        return image_view_format;
+    }
+
+    VkSemaphore CurrentPresentSemaphore() const {
+        return *present_semaphores[frame_index];
     }
 
 private:
@@ -96,7 +100,7 @@ private:
     u32 image_index{};
     u32 frame_index{};
 
-    VkFormat image_format{};
+    VkFormat image_view_format{};
     VkExtent2D extent{};
 
     bool current_srgb{};
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp
index 8f4df7122..ff979a7ac 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp
@@ -1186,9 +1186,12 @@ Framebuffer::Framebuffer(TextureCacheRuntime& runtime, std::span<ImageView*, NUM
         renderpass_key.depth_format = depth_buffer->format;
         num_layers = std::max(num_layers, depth_buffer->range.extent.layers);
         images[num_images] = depth_buffer->ImageHandle();
-        image_ranges[num_images] = MakeSubresourceRange(depth_buffer);
+        const VkImageSubresourceRange subresource_range = MakeSubresourceRange(depth_buffer);
+        image_ranges[num_images] = subresource_range;
         samples = depth_buffer->Samples();
         ++num_images;
+        has_depth = (subresource_range.aspectMask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT) != 0;
+        has_stencil = (subresource_range.aspectMask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT) != 0;
     } else {
         renderpass_key.depth_format = PixelFormat::Invalid;
     }
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h
index 5fe6b7ba3..6d5a68bfe 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h
@@ -232,6 +232,18 @@ public:
         return image_ranges;
     }
 
+    [[nodiscard]] bool HasAspectColorBit(size_t index) const noexcept {
+        return (image_ranges.at(index).aspectMask & VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT) != 0;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool HasAspectDepthBit() const noexcept {
+        return has_depth;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool HasAspectStencilBit() const noexcept {
+        return has_stencil;
+    }
+
 private:
     vk::Framebuffer framebuffer;
     VkRenderPass renderpass{};
@@ -241,6 +253,8 @@ private:
     u32 num_images = 0;
     std::array<VkImage, 9> images{};
     std::array<VkImageSubresourceRange, 9> image_ranges{};
+    bool has_depth{};
+    bool has_stencil{};
 };
 
 struct TextureCacheParams {
diff --git a/src/video_core/shader_environment.cpp b/src/video_core/shader_environment.cpp
index 8a4581c19..81a878bb2 100644
--- a/src/video_core/shader_environment.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/shader_environment.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <memory>
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/slot_vector.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/slot_vector.h
index 6180b8c0e..74cd3c9d8 100644
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/slot_vector.h
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/slot_vector.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <bit>
 #include <concepts>
diff --git a/src/video_core/video_core.cpp b/src/video_core/video_core.cpp
index 3b575db4d..cae543a51 100644
--- a/src/video_core/video_core.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/video_core.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> CreateRenderer(
 namespace VideoCore {
 
 std::unique_ptr<Tegra::GPU> CreateGPU(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::System& system) {
-    const bool use_nvdec = Settings::values.use_nvdec_emulation.GetValue();
+    const auto nvdec_value = Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.GetValue();
+    const bool use_nvdec = nvdec_value != Settings::NvdecEmulation::Off;
     const bool use_async = Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue();
     auto gpu = std::make_unique<Tegra::GPU>(system, use_async, use_nvdec);
     auto context = emu_window.CreateSharedContext();
diff --git a/src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.cpp b/src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.cpp
index 86ca4be54..24821c1a3 100644
--- a/src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.cpp
@@ -839,6 +839,8 @@ std::vector<const char*> Device::LoadExtensions(bool requires_surface) {
     bool has_khr_shader_float16_int8{};
     bool has_khr_workgroup_memory_explicit_layout{};
     bool has_khr_pipeline_executable_properties{};
+    bool has_khr_image_format_list{};
+    bool has_khr_swapchain_mutable_format{};
     bool has_ext_subgroup_size_control{};
     bool has_ext_transform_feedback{};
     bool has_ext_custom_border_color{};
@@ -888,6 +890,9 @@ std::vector<const char*> Device::LoadExtensions(bool requires_surface) {
         test(has_ext_shader_atomic_int64, VK_KHR_SHADER_ATOMIC_INT64_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
         test(has_khr_workgroup_memory_explicit_layout,
              VK_KHR_WORKGROUP_MEMORY_EXPLICIT_LAYOUT_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
+        test(has_khr_image_format_list, VK_KHR_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
+        test(has_khr_swapchain_mutable_format, VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_MUTABLE_FORMAT_EXTENSION_NAME,
+             false);
         test(has_ext_line_rasterization, VK_EXT_LINE_RASTERIZATION_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
         if (Settings::values.enable_nsight_aftermath) {
             test(nv_device_diagnostics_config, VK_NV_DEVICE_DIAGNOSTICS_CONFIG_EXTENSION_NAME,
@@ -1066,6 +1071,11 @@ std::vector<const char*> Device::LoadExtensions(bool requires_surface) {
             khr_pipeline_executable_properties = true;
         }
     }
+    if (has_khr_image_format_list && has_khr_swapchain_mutable_format) {
+        extensions.push_back(VK_KHR_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_EXTENSION_NAME);
+        extensions.push_back(VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_MUTABLE_FORMAT_EXTENSION_NAME);
+        khr_swapchain_mutable_format = true;
+    }
     if (khr_push_descriptor) {
         VkPhysicalDevicePushDescriptorPropertiesKHR push_descriptor;
         push_descriptor.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PUSH_DESCRIPTOR_PROPERTIES_KHR;
diff --git a/src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h b/src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h
index 234d74129..5599c38c5 100644
--- a/src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h
+++ b/src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h
@@ -224,6 +224,11 @@ public:
         return khr_pipeline_executable_properties;
     }
 
+    /// Returns true if VK_KHR_swapchain_mutable_format is enabled.
+    bool IsKhrSwapchainMutableFormatEnabled() const {
+        return khr_swapchain_mutable_format;
+    }
+
     /// Returns true if the device supports VK_KHR_workgroup_memory_explicit_layout.
     bool IsKhrWorkgroupMemoryExplicitLayoutSupported() const {
         return khr_workgroup_memory_explicit_layout;
@@ -390,6 +395,7 @@ private:
     bool khr_workgroup_memory_explicit_layout{}; ///< Support for explicit workgroup layouts.
     bool khr_push_descriptor{};                  ///< Support for VK_KHR_push_descritor.
     bool khr_pipeline_executable_properties{};   ///< Support for executable properties.
+    bool khr_swapchain_mutable_format{};         ///< Support for VK_KHR_swapchain_mutable_format.
     bool ext_index_type_uint8{};                 ///< Support for VK_EXT_index_type_uint8.
     bool ext_sampler_filter_minmax{};            ///< Support for VK_EXT_sampler_filter_minmax.
     bool ext_depth_range_unrestricted{};         ///< Support for VK_EXT_depth_range_unrestricted.
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp b/src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp
index 85d292bcc..8744d8e5d 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ void Config::ReadRendererValues() {
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.use_disk_shader_cache);
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.gpu_accuracy);
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation);
-    ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.use_nvdec_emulation);
+    ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.nvdec_emulation);
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.accelerate_astc);
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.use_vsync);
     ReadGlobalSetting(Settings::values.shader_backend);
@@ -1349,7 +1349,10 @@ void Config::SaveRendererValues() {
                  static_cast<u32>(Settings::values.gpu_accuracy.GetDefault()),
                  Settings::values.gpu_accuracy.UsingGlobal());
     WriteGlobalSetting(Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation);
-    WriteGlobalSetting(Settings::values.use_nvdec_emulation);
+    WriteSetting(QString::fromStdString(Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.GetLabel()),
+                 static_cast<u32>(Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.GetValue(global)),
+                 static_cast<u32>(Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.GetDefault()),
+                 Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.UsingGlobal());
     WriteGlobalSetting(Settings::values.accelerate_astc);
     WriteGlobalSetting(Settings::values.use_vsync);
     WriteSetting(QString::fromStdString(Settings::values.shader_backend.GetLabel()),
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/config.h b/src/yuzu/configuration/config.h
index 9555f4498..4733227b6 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/config.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/config.h
@@ -182,5 +182,6 @@ private:
 Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(Settings::CPUAccuracy);
 Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(Settings::GPUAccuracy);
 Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(Settings::FullscreenMode);
+Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(Settings::NvdecEmulation);
 Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(Settings::RendererBackend);
 Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(Settings::ShaderBackend);
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp
index 37e896258..c594164be 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp
@@ -88,24 +88,30 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::SetConfiguration() {
     ui->api_widget->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
     ui->use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
     ui->use_disk_shader_cache->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
-    ui->use_nvdec_emulation->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
+    ui->nvdec_emulation_widget->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
     ui->accelerate_astc->setEnabled(runtime_lock);
     ui->use_disk_shader_cache->setChecked(Settings::values.use_disk_shader_cache.GetValue());
     ui->use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation->setChecked(
         Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue());
-    ui->use_nvdec_emulation->setChecked(Settings::values.use_nvdec_emulation.GetValue());
     ui->accelerate_astc->setChecked(Settings::values.accelerate_astc.GetValue());
 
     if (Settings::IsConfiguringGlobal()) {
         ui->api->setCurrentIndex(static_cast<int>(Settings::values.renderer_backend.GetValue()));
         ui->fullscreen_mode_combobox->setCurrentIndex(
             static_cast<int>(Settings::values.fullscreen_mode.GetValue()));
+        ui->nvdec_emulation->setCurrentIndex(
+            static_cast<int>(Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.GetValue()));
         ui->aspect_ratio_combobox->setCurrentIndex(Settings::values.aspect_ratio.GetValue());
     } else {
         ConfigurationShared::SetPerGameSetting(ui->api, &Settings::values.renderer_backend);
         ConfigurationShared::SetHighlight(ui->api_widget,
                                           !Settings::values.renderer_backend.UsingGlobal());
 
+        ConfigurationShared::SetPerGameSetting(ui->nvdec_emulation,
+                                               &Settings::values.nvdec_emulation);
+        ConfigurationShared::SetHighlight(ui->nvdec_emulation_widget,
+                                          !Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.UsingGlobal());
+
         ConfigurationShared::SetPerGameSetting(ui->fullscreen_mode_combobox,
                                                &Settings::values.fullscreen_mode);
         ConfigurationShared::SetHighlight(ui->fullscreen_mode_label,
@@ -137,8 +143,6 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::ApplyConfiguration() {
     ConfigurationShared::ApplyPerGameSetting(&Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation,
                                              ui->use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation,
                                              use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation);
-    ConfigurationShared::ApplyPerGameSetting(&Settings::values.use_nvdec_emulation,
-                                             ui->use_nvdec_emulation, use_nvdec_emulation);
     ConfigurationShared::ApplyPerGameSetting(&Settings::values.accelerate_astc, ui->accelerate_astc,
                                              accelerate_astc);
 
@@ -147,6 +151,9 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::ApplyConfiguration() {
         if (Settings::values.renderer_backend.UsingGlobal()) {
             Settings::values.renderer_backend.SetValue(GetCurrentGraphicsBackend());
         }
+        if (Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.UsingGlobal()) {
+            Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.SetValue(GetCurrentNvdecEmulation());
+        }
         if (Settings::values.shader_backend.UsingGlobal()) {
             Settings::values.shader_backend.SetValue(shader_backend);
         }
@@ -180,6 +187,13 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::ApplyConfiguration() {
             }
         }
 
+        if (ui->nvdec_emulation->currentIndex() == ConfigurationShared::USE_GLOBAL_INDEX) {
+            Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
+        } else {
+            Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.SetGlobal(false);
+            Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.SetValue(GetCurrentNvdecEmulation());
+        }
+
         if (ui->bg_combobox->currentIndex() == ConfigurationShared::USE_GLOBAL_INDEX) {
             Settings::values.bg_red.SetGlobal(true);
             Settings::values.bg_green.SetGlobal(true);
@@ -278,6 +292,20 @@ Settings::RendererBackend ConfigureGraphics::GetCurrentGraphicsBackend() const {
                                                   ConfigurationShared::USE_GLOBAL_OFFSET);
 }
 
+Settings::NvdecEmulation ConfigureGraphics::GetCurrentNvdecEmulation() const {
+    if (Settings::IsConfiguringGlobal()) {
+        return static_cast<Settings::NvdecEmulation>(ui->nvdec_emulation->currentIndex());
+    }
+
+    if (ui->nvdec_emulation->currentIndex() == ConfigurationShared::USE_GLOBAL_INDEX) {
+        Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
+        return Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.GetValue();
+    }
+    Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.SetGlobal(false);
+    return static_cast<Settings::NvdecEmulation>(ui->nvdec_emulation->currentIndex() -
+                                                 ConfigurationShared::USE_GLOBAL_OFFSET);
+}
+
 void ConfigureGraphics::SetupPerGameUI() {
     if (Settings::IsConfiguringGlobal()) {
         ui->api->setEnabled(Settings::values.renderer_backend.UsingGlobal());
@@ -286,7 +314,7 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::SetupPerGameUI() {
         ui->aspect_ratio_combobox->setEnabled(Settings::values.aspect_ratio.UsingGlobal());
         ui->use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation->setEnabled(
             Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.UsingGlobal());
-        ui->use_nvdec_emulation->setEnabled(Settings::values.use_nvdec_emulation.UsingGlobal());
+        ui->nvdec_emulation->setEnabled(Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.UsingGlobal());
         ui->accelerate_astc->setEnabled(Settings::values.accelerate_astc.UsingGlobal());
         ui->use_disk_shader_cache->setEnabled(Settings::values.use_disk_shader_cache.UsingGlobal());
         ui->bg_button->setEnabled(Settings::values.bg_red.UsingGlobal());
@@ -301,8 +329,6 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::SetupPerGameUI() {
 
     ConfigurationShared::SetColoredTristate(
         ui->use_disk_shader_cache, Settings::values.use_disk_shader_cache, use_disk_shader_cache);
-    ConfigurationShared::SetColoredTristate(
-        ui->use_nvdec_emulation, Settings::values.use_nvdec_emulation, use_nvdec_emulation);
     ConfigurationShared::SetColoredTristate(ui->accelerate_astc, Settings::values.accelerate_astc,
                                             accelerate_astc);
     ConfigurationShared::SetColoredTristate(ui->use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation,
@@ -316,4 +342,6 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::SetupPerGameUI() {
         static_cast<int>(Settings::values.fullscreen_mode.GetValue(true)));
     ConfigurationShared::InsertGlobalItem(
         ui->api, static_cast<int>(Settings::values.renderer_backend.GetValue(true)));
+    ConfigurationShared::InsertGlobalItem(
+        ui->nvdec_emulation, static_cast<int>(Settings::values.nvdec_emulation.GetValue(true)));
 }
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.h b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.h
index c866b911b..7d7ac329d 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.h
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ private:
     void SetupPerGameUI();
 
     Settings::RendererBackend GetCurrentGraphicsBackend() const;
+    Settings::NvdecEmulation GetCurrentNvdecEmulation() const;
 
     std::unique_ptr<Ui::ConfigureGraphics> ui;
     QColor bg_color;
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.ui b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.ui
index 43f1887d1..1a12cfa4d 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.ui
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.ui
@@ -168,13 +168,6 @@
          </widget>
         </item>
         <item>
-         <widget class="QCheckBox" name="use_nvdec_emulation">
-          <property name="text">
-           <string>Use NVDEC emulation</string>
-          </property>
-         </widget>
-        </item>
-        <item>
           <widget class="QCheckBox" name="accelerate_astc">
             <property name="text">
               <string>Accelerate ASTC texture decoding</string>
@@ -182,6 +175,50 @@
           </widget>
         </item>
         <item>
+         <widget class="QWidget" name="nvdec_emulation_widget" native="true">
+          <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="nvdec_emulation_layout">
+           <property name="leftMargin">
+            <number>0</number>
+           </property>
+           <property name="topMargin">
+            <number>0</number>
+           </property>
+           <property name="rightMargin">
+            <number>0</number>
+           </property>
+           <property name="bottomMargin">
+            <number>0</number>
+           </property>
+           <item>
+            <widget class="QLabel" name="nvdec_emulation_label">
+             <property name="text">
+              <string>NVDEC emulation:</string>
+             </property>
+            </widget>
+           </item>
+           <item>
+            <widget class="QComboBox" name="nvdec_emulation">
+             <item>
+              <property name="text">
+               <string>Disabled</string>
+              </property>
+             </item>
+             <item>
+              <property name="text">
+               <string>CPU Decoding</string>
+              </property>
+             </item>
+             <item>
+              <property name="text">
+               <string>GPU Decoding</string>
+              </property>
+             </item>
+            </widget>
+           </item>
+          </layout>
+         </widget>
+        </item>
+        <item>
          <widget class="QWidget" name="fullscreen_mode_layout" native="true">
           <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout_1">
            <property name="leftMargin">
diff --git a/src/yuzu_cmd/config.cpp b/src/yuzu_cmd/config.cpp
index 757dd1ea0..891f7be6f 100644
--- a/src/yuzu_cmd/config.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu_cmd/config.cpp
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ void Config::ReadValues() {
     ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.disable_fps_limit);
     ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.shader_backend);
     ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.use_asynchronous_shaders);
-    ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.use_nvdec_emulation);
+    ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.nvdec_emulation);
     ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.accelerate_astc);
     ReadSetting("Renderer", Settings::values.use_fast_gpu_time);
 
diff --git a/src/yuzu_cmd/default_ini.h b/src/yuzu_cmd/default_ini.h
index e02eceb99..72f3213fb 100644
--- a/src/yuzu_cmd/default_ini.h
+++ b/src/yuzu_cmd/default_ini.h
@@ -261,9 +261,9 @@ shader_backend =
 # 0 (default): Off, 1: On
 use_asynchronous_shaders =
 
-# Enable NVDEC emulation.
-# 0: Off, 1 (default): On
-use_nvdec_emulation =
+# NVDEC emulation.
+# 0: Disabled, 1: CPU Decoding, 2 (default): GPU Decoding
+nvdec_emulation =
 
 # Accelerate ASTC texture decoding.
 # 0: Off, 1 (default): On