10 files changed, 220 insertions, 272 deletions

diff --git a/src/video_core/CMakeLists.txt b/src/video_core/CMakeLists.txt
index 5c7f4ae18..162108301 100644
--- a/src/video_core/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/video_core/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ set(SRCS
             renderer_opengl/generated/gl_3_2_core.c
             renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
             renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.cpp
-            renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.cpp
             renderer_opengl/gl_shader_util.cpp
             renderer_opengl/gl_state.cpp
             renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp
diff --git a/src/video_core/command_processor.cpp b/src/video_core/command_processor.cpp
index bbe7e63dc..36c3b9947 100644
--- a/src/video_core/command_processor.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/command_processor.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ static inline void WritePicaReg(u32 id, u32 value, u32 mask) {
     regs[id] = (old_value & ~mask) | (value & mask);
 
     if (g_debug_context)
-        g_debug_context->OnEvent(DebugContext::Event::CommandLoaded, reinterpret_cast<void*>(&id));
+        g_debug_context->OnEvent(DebugContext::Event::PicaCommandLoaded, reinterpret_cast<void*>(&id));
 
     DebugUtils::OnPicaRegWrite(id, regs[id]);
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ static inline void WritePicaReg(u32 id, u32 value, u32 mask) {
         case PICA_REG_INDEX_WORKAROUND(command_buffer.trigger[0], 0x23c):
         case PICA_REG_INDEX_WORKAROUND(command_buffer.trigger[1], 0x23d):
         {
-            unsigned index = id - PICA_REG_INDEX(command_buffer.trigger[0]);
+            unsigned index = static_cast<unsigned>(id - PICA_REG_INDEX(command_buffer.trigger[0]));
             u32* head_ptr = (u32*)Memory::GetPhysicalPointer(regs.command_buffer.GetPhysicalAddress(index));
             g_state.cmd_list.head_ptr = g_state.cmd_list.current_ptr = head_ptr;
             g_state.cmd_list.length = regs.command_buffer.GetSize(index) / sizeof(u32);
@@ -116,7 +116,9 @@ static inline void WritePicaReg(u32 id, u32 value, u32 mask) {
         {
             Common::Profiling::ScopeTimer scope_timer(category_drawing);
 
+#if PICA_LOG_TEV
             DebugUtils::DumpTevStageConfig(regs.GetTevStages());
+#endif
 
             if (g_debug_context)
                 g_debug_context->OnEvent(DebugContext::Event::IncomingPrimitiveBatch, nullptr);
@@ -159,9 +161,11 @@ static inline void WritePicaReg(u32 id, u32 value, u32 mask) {
             const u16* index_address_16 = (u16*)index_address_8;
             bool index_u16 = index_info.format != 0;
 
+#if PICA_DUMP_GEOMETRY
             DebugUtils::GeometryDumper geometry_dumper;
-            PrimitiveAssembler<VertexShader::OutputVertex> primitive_assembler(regs.triangle_topology.Value());
             PrimitiveAssembler<DebugUtils::GeometryDumper::Vertex> dumping_primitive_assembler(regs.triangle_topology.Value());
+#endif
+            PrimitiveAssembler<VertexShader::OutputVertex> primitive_assembler(regs.triangle_topology.Value());
 
             if (g_debug_context) {
                 for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
@@ -267,6 +271,7 @@ static inline void WritePicaReg(u32 id, u32 value, u32 mask) {
                 if (g_debug_context)
                     g_debug_context->OnEvent(DebugContext::Event::VertexLoaded, (void*)&input);
 
+#if PICA_DUMP_GEOMETRY
                 // NOTE: When dumping geometry, we simply assume that the first input attribute
                 //       corresponds to the position for now.
                 DebugUtils::GeometryDumper::Vertex dumped_vertex = {
@@ -276,6 +281,7 @@ static inline void WritePicaReg(u32 id, u32 value, u32 mask) {
                 dumping_primitive_assembler.SubmitVertex(dumped_vertex,
                                                          std::bind(&DebugUtils::GeometryDumper::AddTriangle,
                                                                    &geometry_dumper, _1, _2, _3));
+#endif
 
                 // Send to vertex shader
                 VertexShader::OutputVertex output = VertexShader::RunShader(input, attribute_config.GetNumTotalAttributes(), g_state.regs.vs, g_state.vs);
@@ -308,7 +314,9 @@ static inline void WritePicaReg(u32 id, u32 value, u32 mask) {
                 VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->DrawTriangles();
             }
 
+#if PICA_DUMP_GEOMETRY
             geometry_dumper.Dump();
+#endif
 
             if (g_debug_context) {
                 g_debug_context->OnEvent(DebugContext::Event::FinishedPrimitiveBatch, nullptr);
@@ -424,7 +432,7 @@ static inline void WritePicaReg(u32 id, u32 value, u32 mask) {
     VideoCore::g_renderer->hw_rasterizer->NotifyPicaRegisterChanged(id);
 
     if (g_debug_context)
-        g_debug_context->OnEvent(DebugContext::Event::CommandProcessed, reinterpret_cast<void*>(&id));
+        g_debug_context->OnEvent(DebugContext::Event::PicaCommandProcessed, reinterpret_cast<void*>(&id));
 }
 
 void ProcessCommandList(const u32* list, u32 size) {
diff --git a/src/video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.cpp b/src/video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.cpp
index d24c0f11e..e9a858411 100644
--- a/src/video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.cpp
@@ -85,15 +85,11 @@ void GeometryDumper::AddTriangle(Vertex& v0, Vertex& v1, Vertex& v2) {
     vertices.push_back(v1);
     vertices.push_back(v2);
 
-    int num_vertices = vertices.size();
+    int num_vertices = (int)vertices.size();
     faces.push_back({ num_vertices-3, num_vertices-2, num_vertices-1 });
 }
 
 void GeometryDumper::Dump() {
-    // NOTE: Permanently enabling this just trashes the hard disk for no reason.
-    //       Hence, this is currently disabled.
-    return;
-
     static int index = 0;
     std::string filename = std::string("geometry_dump") + std::to_string(++index) + ".obj";
 
@@ -116,10 +112,6 @@ void GeometryDumper::Dump() {
 void DumpShader(const u32* binary_data, u32 binary_size, const u32* swizzle_data, u32 swizzle_size,
                 u32 main_offset, const Regs::VSOutputAttributes* output_attributes)
 {
-    // NOTE: Permanently enabling this just trashes hard disks for no reason.
-    //       Hence, this is currently disabled.
-    return;
-
     struct StuffToWrite {
         u8* pointer;
         u32 size;
@@ -241,8 +233,8 @@ void DumpShader(const u32* binary_data, u32 binary_size, const u32* swizzle_data
 
     dvle.main_offset_words = main_offset;
     dvle.output_register_table_offset = write_offset - dvlb.dvle_offset;
-    dvle.output_register_table_size = output_info_table.size();
-    QueueForWriting((u8*)output_info_table.data(), output_info_table.size() * sizeof(OutputRegisterInfo));
+    dvle.output_register_table_size = static_cast<uint32_t>(output_info_table.size());
+    QueueForWriting((u8*)output_info_table.data(), static_cast<u32>(output_info_table.size() * sizeof(OutputRegisterInfo)));
 
     // TODO: Create a label table for "main"
 
@@ -497,31 +489,31 @@ const Math::Vec4<u8> LookupTexture(const u8* source, int x, int y, const Texture
                 // Lookup base value
                 Math::Vec3<int> ret;
                 if (differential_mode) {
-                    ret.r() = differential.r;
-                    ret.g() = differential.g;
-                    ret.b() = differential.b;
+                    ret.r() = static_cast<int>(differential.r);
+                    ret.g() = static_cast<int>(differential.g);
+                    ret.b() = static_cast<int>(differential.b);
                     if (x >= 2) {
-                        ret.r() += differential.dr;
-                        ret.g() += differential.dg;
-                        ret.b() += differential.db;
+                        ret.r() += static_cast<int>(differential.dr);
+                        ret.g() += static_cast<int>(differential.dg);
+                        ret.b() += static_cast<int>(differential.db);
                     }
                     ret.r() = Color::Convert5To8(ret.r());
                     ret.g() = Color::Convert5To8(ret.g());
                     ret.b() = Color::Convert5To8(ret.b());
                 } else {
                     if (x < 2) {
-                        ret.r() = Color::Convert4To8(separate.r1);
-                        ret.g() = Color::Convert4To8(separate.g1);
-                        ret.b() = Color::Convert4To8(separate.b1);
+                        ret.r() = Color::Convert4To8(static_cast<u8>(separate.r1));
+                        ret.g() = Color::Convert4To8(static_cast<u8>(separate.g1));
+                        ret.b() = Color::Convert4To8(static_cast<u8>(separate.b1));
                     } else {
-                        ret.r() = Color::Convert4To8(separate.r2);
-                        ret.g() = Color::Convert4To8(separate.g2);
-                        ret.b() = Color::Convert4To8(separate.b2);
+                        ret.r() = Color::Convert4To8(static_cast<u8>(separate.r2));
+                        ret.g() = Color::Convert4To8(static_cast<u8>(separate.g2));
+                        ret.b() = Color::Convert4To8(static_cast<u8>(separate.b2));
                     }
                 }
 
                 // Add modifier
-                unsigned table_index = (x < 2) ? table_index_1.Value() : table_index_2.Value();
+                unsigned table_index = static_cast<int>((x < 2) ? table_index_1.Value() : table_index_2.Value());
 
                 static const std::array<std::array<u8, 2>, 8> etc1_modifier_table = {{
                     {  2,  8 }, {  5, 17 }, {  9,  29 }, { 13,  42 },
@@ -565,10 +557,6 @@ TextureInfo TextureInfo::FromPicaRegister(const Regs::TextureConfig& config,
 }
 
 void DumpTexture(const Pica::Regs::TextureConfig& texture_config, u8* data) {
-    // NOTE: Permanently enabling this just trashes hard disks for no reason.
-    //       Hence, this is currently disabled.
-    return;
-
 #ifndef HAVE_PNG
     return;
 #else
diff --git a/src/video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.h b/src/video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.h
index 2573292e2..81eea30a9 100644
--- a/src/video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.h
+++ b/src/video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.h
@@ -25,11 +25,14 @@ public:
     enum class Event {
         FirstEvent = 0,
 
-        CommandLoaded = FirstEvent,
-        CommandProcessed,
+        PicaCommandLoaded = FirstEvent,
+        PicaCommandProcessed,
         IncomingPrimitiveBatch,
         FinishedPrimitiveBatch,
         VertexLoaded,
+        IncomingDisplayTransfer,
+        GSPCommandProcessed,
+        BufferSwapped,
 
         NumEvents
     };
@@ -154,6 +157,11 @@ extern std::shared_ptr<DebugContext> g_debug_context; // TODO: Get rid of this g
 
 namespace DebugUtils {
 
+#define PICA_DUMP_GEOMETRY 0
+#define PICA_DUMP_SHADERS 0
+#define PICA_DUMP_TEXTURES 0
+#define PICA_LOG_TEV 0
+
 // Simple utility class for dumping geometry data to an OBJ file
 class GeometryDumper {
 public:
diff --git a/src/video_core/pica.cpp b/src/video_core/pica.cpp
index 543d9c443..17cb66780 100644
--- a/src/video_core/pica.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/pica.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#include <string.h>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "pica.h"
 
@@ -10,6 +11,75 @@ namespace Pica {
 
 State g_state;
 
+std::string Regs::GetCommandName(int index) {
+    static std::unordered_map<u32, std::string> map;
+
+    if (map.empty()) {
+        #define ADD_FIELD(name) \
+                map.insert({static_cast<u32>(PICA_REG_INDEX(name)), #name}); \
+                /* TODO: change to Regs::name when VS2015 and other compilers support it  */ \
+                for (u32 i = PICA_REG_INDEX(name) + 1; i < PICA_REG_INDEX(name) + sizeof(Regs().name) / 4; ++i) \
+                    map.insert({i, #name + std::string("+") + std::to_string(i-PICA_REG_INDEX(name))}); \
+
+        ADD_FIELD(trigger_irq);
+        ADD_FIELD(cull_mode);
+        ADD_FIELD(viewport_size_x);
+        ADD_FIELD(viewport_size_y);
+        ADD_FIELD(viewport_depth_range);
+        ADD_FIELD(viewport_depth_far_plane);
+        ADD_FIELD(viewport_corner);
+        ADD_FIELD(texture0_enable);
+        ADD_FIELD(texture0);
+        ADD_FIELD(texture0_format);
+        ADD_FIELD(texture1);
+        ADD_FIELD(texture1_format);
+        ADD_FIELD(texture2);
+        ADD_FIELD(texture2_format);
+        ADD_FIELD(tev_stage0);
+        ADD_FIELD(tev_stage1);
+        ADD_FIELD(tev_stage2);
+        ADD_FIELD(tev_stage3);
+        ADD_FIELD(tev_combiner_buffer_input);
+        ADD_FIELD(tev_stage4);
+        ADD_FIELD(tev_stage5);
+        ADD_FIELD(tev_combiner_buffer_color);
+        ADD_FIELD(output_merger);
+        ADD_FIELD(framebuffer);
+        ADD_FIELD(vertex_attributes);
+        ADD_FIELD(index_array);
+        ADD_FIELD(num_vertices);
+        ADD_FIELD(trigger_draw);
+        ADD_FIELD(trigger_draw_indexed);
+        ADD_FIELD(vs_default_attributes_setup);
+        ADD_FIELD(command_buffer);
+        ADD_FIELD(triangle_topology);
+        ADD_FIELD(gs.bool_uniforms);
+        ADD_FIELD(gs.int_uniforms);
+        ADD_FIELD(gs.main_offset);
+        ADD_FIELD(gs.input_register_map);
+        ADD_FIELD(gs.uniform_setup);
+        ADD_FIELD(gs.program);
+        ADD_FIELD(gs.swizzle_patterns);
+        ADD_FIELD(vs.bool_uniforms);
+        ADD_FIELD(vs.int_uniforms);
+        ADD_FIELD(vs.main_offset);
+        ADD_FIELD(vs.input_register_map);
+        ADD_FIELD(vs.uniform_setup);
+        ADD_FIELD(vs.program);
+        ADD_FIELD(vs.swizzle_patterns);
+
+#undef ADD_FIELD
+    }
+
+    // Return empty string if no match is found
+    auto it = map.find(index);
+    if (it != map.end()) {
+        return it->second;
+    } else {
+        return std::string();
+    }
+}
+
 void Init() {
 }
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/pica.h b/src/video_core/pica.h
index aec6f0660..34b02b2f8 100644
--- a/src/video_core/pica.h
+++ b/src/video_core/pica.h
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstddef>
-#include <map>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
@@ -908,69 +907,7 @@ struct Regs {
 
     // Map register indices to names readable by humans
     // Used for debugging purposes, so performance is not an issue here
-    static std::string GetCommandName(int index) {
-        std::map<u32, std::string> map;
-
-        #define ADD_FIELD(name)                                                                               \
-            do {                                                                                              \
-                map.insert({PICA_REG_INDEX(name), #name});                                                    \
-                /* TODO: change to Regs::name when VS2015 and other compilers support it  */                   \
-                for (u32 i = PICA_REG_INDEX(name) + 1; i < PICA_REG_INDEX(name) + sizeof(Regs().name) / 4; ++i) \
-                    map.insert({i, #name + std::string("+") + std::to_string(i-PICA_REG_INDEX(name))});       \
-            } while(false)
-
-        ADD_FIELD(trigger_irq);
-        ADD_FIELD(cull_mode);
-        ADD_FIELD(viewport_size_x);
-        ADD_FIELD(viewport_size_y);
-        ADD_FIELD(viewport_depth_range);
-        ADD_FIELD(viewport_depth_far_plane);
-        ADD_FIELD(viewport_corner);
-        ADD_FIELD(texture0_enable);
-        ADD_FIELD(texture0);
-        ADD_FIELD(texture0_format);
-        ADD_FIELD(texture1);
-        ADD_FIELD(texture1_format);
-        ADD_FIELD(texture2);
-        ADD_FIELD(texture2_format);
-        ADD_FIELD(tev_stage0);
-        ADD_FIELD(tev_stage1);
-        ADD_FIELD(tev_stage2);
-        ADD_FIELD(tev_stage3);
-        ADD_FIELD(tev_combiner_buffer_input);
-        ADD_FIELD(tev_stage4);
-        ADD_FIELD(tev_stage5);
-        ADD_FIELD(tev_combiner_buffer_color);
-        ADD_FIELD(output_merger);
-        ADD_FIELD(framebuffer);
-        ADD_FIELD(vertex_attributes);
-        ADD_FIELD(index_array);
-        ADD_FIELD(num_vertices);
-        ADD_FIELD(trigger_draw);
-        ADD_FIELD(trigger_draw_indexed);
-        ADD_FIELD(vs_default_attributes_setup);
-        ADD_FIELD(command_buffer);
-        ADD_FIELD(triangle_topology);
-        ADD_FIELD(gs.bool_uniforms);
-        ADD_FIELD(gs.int_uniforms);
-        ADD_FIELD(gs.main_offset);
-        ADD_FIELD(gs.input_register_map);
-        ADD_FIELD(gs.uniform_setup);
-        ADD_FIELD(gs.program);
-        ADD_FIELD(gs.swizzle_patterns);
-        ADD_FIELD(vs.bool_uniforms);
-        ADD_FIELD(vs.int_uniforms);
-        ADD_FIELD(vs.main_offset);
-        ADD_FIELD(vs.input_register_map);
-        ADD_FIELD(vs.uniform_setup);
-        ADD_FIELD(vs.program);
-        ADD_FIELD(vs.swizzle_patterns);
-
-        #undef ADD_FIELD
-
-        // Return empty string if no match is found
-        return map[index];
-    }
+    static std::string GetCommandName(int index);
 
     static inline size_t NumIds() {
         return sizeof(Regs) / sizeof(u32);
diff --git a/src/video_core/rasterizer.cpp b/src/video_core/rasterizer.cpp
index e2b90ad1c..68b7cc05d 100644
--- a/src/video_core/rasterizer.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/rasterizer.cpp
@@ -462,7 +462,9 @@ static void ProcessTriangleInternal(const VertexShader::OutputVertex& v0,
 
                     // TODO: Apply the min and mag filters to the texture
                     texture_color[i] = DebugUtils::LookupTexture(texture_data, s, t, info);
+#if PICA_DUMP_TEXTURES
                     DebugUtils::DumpTexture(texture.config, texture_data);
+#endif
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8f4ae28a4..000000000
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h"
-#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_util.h"
-
-// Textures
-OGLTexture::OGLTexture() : handle(0) {
-}
-
-OGLTexture::~OGLTexture() {
-    Release();
-}
-
-void OGLTexture::Create() {
-    if (handle != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    glGenTextures(1, &handle);
-}
-
-void OGLTexture::Release() {
-    glDeleteTextures(1, &handle);
-    handle = 0;
-}
-
-// Shaders
-OGLShader::OGLShader() : handle(0) {
-}
-
-OGLShader::~OGLShader() {
-    Release();
-}
-
-void OGLShader::Create(const char* vert_shader, const char* frag_shader) {
-    if (handle != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    handle = ShaderUtil::LoadShaders(vert_shader, frag_shader);
-}
-
-void OGLShader::Release() {
-    glDeleteProgram(handle);
-    handle = 0;
-}
-
-// Buffer objects
-OGLBuffer::OGLBuffer() : handle(0) {
-}
-
-OGLBuffer::~OGLBuffer() {
-    Release();
-}
-
-void OGLBuffer::Create() {
-    if (handle != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    glGenBuffers(1, &handle);
-}
-
-void OGLBuffer::Release() {
-    glDeleteBuffers(1, &handle);
-    handle = 0;
-}
-
-// Vertex array objects
-OGLVertexArray::OGLVertexArray() : handle(0) {
-}
-
-OGLVertexArray::~OGLVertexArray() {
-    Release();
-}
-
-void OGLVertexArray::Create() {
-    if (handle != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    glGenVertexArrays(1, &handle);
-}
-
-void OGLVertexArray::Release() {
-    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &handle);
-    handle = 0;
-}
-
-// Framebuffers
-OGLFramebuffer::OGLFramebuffer() : handle(0) {
-}
-
-OGLFramebuffer::~OGLFramebuffer() {
-    Release();
-}
-
-void OGLFramebuffer::Create() {
-    if (handle != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    glGenFramebuffers(1, &handle);
-}
-
-void OGLFramebuffer::Release() {
-    glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &handle);
-    handle = 0;
-}
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h
index 975720d0a..6f9dc012d 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h
@@ -4,76 +4,124 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <utility>
+
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 
-#include "generated/gl_3_2_core.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/generated/gl_3_2_core.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_util.h"
 
-class OGLTexture : public NonCopyable {
+class OGLTexture : private NonCopyable {
 public:
-    OGLTexture();
-    ~OGLTexture();
+    OGLTexture() = default;
+    OGLTexture(OGLTexture&& o) { std::swap(handle, o.handle); }
+    ~OGLTexture() { Release(); }
+    OGLTexture& operator=(OGLTexture&& o) { std::swap(handle, o.handle); return *this; }
 
     /// Creates a new internal OpenGL resource and stores the handle
-    void Create();
+    void Create() {
+        if (handle != 0) return;
+        glGenTextures(1, &handle);
+    }
 
     /// Deletes the internal OpenGL resource
-    void Release();
+    void Release() {
+        if (handle == 0) return;
+        glDeleteTextures(1, &handle);
+        handle = 0;
+    }
 
-    GLuint handle;
+    GLuint handle = 0;
 };
 
-class OGLShader : public NonCopyable {
+class OGLShader : private NonCopyable {
 public:
-    OGLShader();
-    ~OGLShader();
+    OGLShader() = default;
+    OGLShader(OGLShader&& o) { std::swap(handle, o.handle); }
+    ~OGLShader() { Release(); }
+    OGLShader& operator=(OGLShader&& o) { std::swap(handle, o.handle); return *this; }
 
     /// Creates a new internal OpenGL resource and stores the handle
-    void Create(const char* vert_shader, const char* frag_shader);
+    void Create(const char* vert_shader, const char* frag_shader) {
+        if (handle != 0) return;
+        handle = ShaderUtil::LoadShaders(vert_shader, frag_shader);
+    }
 
     /// Deletes the internal OpenGL resource
-    void Release();
+    void Release() {
+        if (handle == 0) return;
+        glDeleteProgram(handle);
+        handle = 0;
+    }
 
-    GLuint handle;
+    GLuint handle = 0;
 };
 
-class OGLBuffer : public NonCopyable {
+class OGLBuffer : private NonCopyable {
 public:
-    OGLBuffer();
-    ~OGLBuffer();
+    OGLBuffer() = default;
+    OGLBuffer(OGLBuffer&& o) { std::swap(handle, o.handle); }
+    ~OGLBuffer() { Release(); }
+    OGLBuffer& operator=(OGLBuffer&& o) { std::swap(handle, o.handle); return *this; }
 
     /// Creates a new internal OpenGL resource and stores the handle
-    void Create();
+    void Create() {
+        if (handle != 0) return;
+        glGenBuffers(1, &handle);
+    }
 
     /// Deletes the internal OpenGL resource
-    void Release();
+    void Release() {
+        if (handle == 0) return;
+        glDeleteBuffers(1, &handle);
+        handle = 0;
+    }
 
-    GLuint handle;
+    GLuint handle = 0;
 };
 
-class OGLVertexArray : public NonCopyable {
+class OGLVertexArray : private NonCopyable {
 public:
-    OGLVertexArray();
-    ~OGLVertexArray();
+    OGLVertexArray() = default;
+    OGLVertexArray(OGLVertexArray&& o) { std::swap(handle, o.handle); }
+    ~OGLVertexArray() { Release(); }
+    OGLVertexArray& operator=(OGLVertexArray&& o) { std::swap(handle, o.handle); return *this; }
 
     /// Creates a new internal OpenGL resource and stores the handle
-    void Create();
+    void Create() {
+        if (handle != 0) return;
+        glGenVertexArrays(1, &handle);
+    }
 
     /// Deletes the internal OpenGL resource
-    void Release();
+    void Release() {
+        if (handle == 0) return;
+        glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &handle);
+        handle = 0;
+    }
 
-    GLuint handle;
+    GLuint handle = 0;
 };
 
-class OGLFramebuffer : public NonCopyable {
+class OGLFramebuffer : private NonCopyable {
 public:
-    OGLFramebuffer();
-    ~OGLFramebuffer();
+    OGLFramebuffer() = default;
+    OGLFramebuffer(OGLFramebuffer&& o) { std::swap(handle, o.handle); }
+    ~OGLFramebuffer() { Release(); }
+    OGLFramebuffer& operator=(OGLFramebuffer&& o) { std::swap(handle, o.handle); return *this; }
 
     /// Creates a new internal OpenGL resource and stores the handle
-    void Create();
+    void Create() {
+        if (handle != 0) return;
+        glGenFramebuffers(1, &handle);
+    }
 
     /// Deletes the internal OpenGL resource
-    void Release();
+    void Release() {
+        if (handle == 0) return;
+        glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &handle);
+        handle = 0;
+    }
 
-    GLuint handle;
+    GLuint handle = 0;
 };
diff --git a/src/video_core/vertex_shader.cpp b/src/video_core/vertex_shader.cpp
index ff114fc3a..5f66f3455 100644
--- a/src/video_core/vertex_shader.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/vertex_shader.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#include <stack>
-
+#include <boost/container/static_vector.hpp>
 #include <boost/range/algorithm.hpp>
 
 #include <common/file_util.h>
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ namespace Pica {
 namespace VertexShader {
 
 struct VertexShaderState {
-    const u32* program_counter;
+    u32 program_counter;
 
     const float24* input_register_table[16];
     Math::Vec4<float24> output_registers[16];
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ struct VertexShaderState {
     };
 
     // TODO: Is there a maximal size for this?
-    std::stack<CallStackElement> call_stack;
+    boost::container::static_vector<CallStackElement, 16> call_stack;
 
     struct {
         u32 max_offset; // maximum program counter ever reached
@@ -71,15 +70,15 @@ static void ProcessShaderCode(VertexShaderState& state) {
 
     while (true) {
         if (!state.call_stack.empty()) {
-            auto& top = state.call_stack.top();
-            if (state.program_counter - program_code.data() == top.final_address) {
+            auto& top = state.call_stack.back();
+            if (state.program_counter == top.final_address) {
                 state.address_registers[2] += top.loop_increment;
 
                 if (top.repeat_counter-- == 0) {
-                    state.program_counter = &program_code[top.return_address];
-                    state.call_stack.pop();
+                    state.program_counter = top.return_address;
+                    state.call_stack.pop_back();
                 } else {
-                    state.program_counter = &program_code[top.loop_address];
+                    state.program_counter = top.loop_address;
                 }
 
                 // TODO: Is "trying again" accurate to hardware?
@@ -88,17 +87,16 @@ static void ProcessShaderCode(VertexShaderState& state) {
         }
 
         bool exit_loop = false;
-        const Instruction& instr = *(const Instruction*)state.program_counter;
-        const SwizzlePattern& swizzle = *(SwizzlePattern*)&swizzle_data[instr.common.operand_desc_id];
+        const Instruction instr = { program_code[state.program_counter] };
+        const SwizzlePattern swizzle = { swizzle_data[instr.common.operand_desc_id] };
 
-        static auto call = [&program_code](VertexShaderState& state, u32 offset, u32 num_instructions,
+        static auto call = [](VertexShaderState& state, u32 offset, u32 num_instructions,
                               u32 return_offset, u8 repeat_count, u8 loop_increment) {
-            state.program_counter = &program_code[offset] - 1; // -1 to make sure when incrementing the PC we end up at the correct offset
-            state.call_stack.push({ offset + num_instructions, return_offset, repeat_count, loop_increment, offset });
+            state.program_counter = offset - 1; // -1 to make sure when incrementing the PC we end up at the correct offset
+            ASSERT(state.call_stack.size() < state.call_stack.capacity());
+            state.call_stack.push_back({ offset + num_instructions, return_offset, repeat_count, loop_increment, offset });
         };
-        u32 binary_offset = state.program_counter - program_code.data();
-
-        state.debug.max_offset = std::max<u32>(state.debug.max_offset, 1 + binary_offset);
+        state.debug.max_offset = std::max<u32>(state.debug.max_offset, 1 + state.program_counter);
 
         auto LookupSourceRegister = [&](const SourceRegister& source_reg) -> const float24* {
             switch (source_reg.GetRegisterType()) {
@@ -442,13 +440,13 @@ static void ProcessShaderCode(VertexShaderState& state) {
 
             case OpCode::Id::JMPC:
                 if (evaluate_condition(state, instr.flow_control.refx, instr.flow_control.refy, instr.flow_control)) {
-                    state.program_counter = &program_code[instr.flow_control.dest_offset] - 1;
+                    state.program_counter = instr.flow_control.dest_offset - 1;
                 }
                 break;
 
             case OpCode::Id::JMPU:
                 if (uniforms.b[instr.flow_control.bool_uniform_id]) {
-                    state.program_counter = &program_code[instr.flow_control.dest_offset] - 1;
+                    state.program_counter = instr.flow_control.dest_offset - 1;
                 }
                 break;
 
@@ -456,7 +454,7 @@ static void ProcessShaderCode(VertexShaderState& state) {
                 call(state,
                      instr.flow_control.dest_offset,
                      instr.flow_control.num_instructions,
-                     binary_offset + 1, 0, 0);
+                     state.program_counter + 1, 0, 0);
                 break;
 
             case OpCode::Id::CALLU:
@@ -464,7 +462,7 @@ static void ProcessShaderCode(VertexShaderState& state) {
                     call(state,
                         instr.flow_control.dest_offset,
                         instr.flow_control.num_instructions,
-                        binary_offset + 1, 0, 0);
+                        state.program_counter + 1, 0, 0);
                 }
                 break;
 
@@ -473,7 +471,7 @@ static void ProcessShaderCode(VertexShaderState& state) {
                     call(state,
                         instr.flow_control.dest_offset,
                         instr.flow_control.num_instructions,
-                        binary_offset + 1, 0, 0);
+                        state.program_counter + 1, 0, 0);
                 }
                 break;
 
@@ -483,8 +481,8 @@ static void ProcessShaderCode(VertexShaderState& state) {
             case OpCode::Id::IFU:
                 if (uniforms.b[instr.flow_control.bool_uniform_id]) {
                     call(state,
-                         binary_offset + 1,
-                         instr.flow_control.dest_offset - binary_offset - 1,
+                         state.program_counter + 1,
+                         instr.flow_control.dest_offset - state.program_counter - 1,
                          instr.flow_control.dest_offset + instr.flow_control.num_instructions, 0, 0);
                 } else {
                     call(state,
@@ -501,8 +499,8 @@ static void ProcessShaderCode(VertexShaderState& state) {
 
                 if (evaluate_condition(state, instr.flow_control.refx, instr.flow_control.refy, instr.flow_control)) {
                     call(state,
-                         binary_offset + 1,
-                         instr.flow_control.dest_offset - binary_offset - 1,
+                         state.program_counter + 1,
+                         instr.flow_control.dest_offset - state.program_counter - 1,
                          instr.flow_control.dest_offset + instr.flow_control.num_instructions, 0, 0);
                 } else {
                     call(state,
@@ -519,8 +517,8 @@ static void ProcessShaderCode(VertexShaderState& state) {
                 state.address_registers[2] = uniforms.i[instr.flow_control.int_uniform_id].y;
 
                 call(state,
-                     binary_offset + 1,
-                     instr.flow_control.dest_offset - binary_offset + 1,
+                     state.program_counter + 1,
+                     instr.flow_control.dest_offset - state.program_counter + 1,
                      instr.flow_control.dest_offset + 1,
                      uniforms.i[instr.flow_control.int_uniform_id].x,
                      uniforms.i[instr.flow_control.int_uniform_id].z);
@@ -551,8 +549,7 @@ OutputVertex RunShader(const InputVertex& input, int num_attributes, const Regs:
 
     VertexShaderState state;
 
-    const u32* main = &setup.program_code[config.main_offset];
-    state.program_counter = (u32*)main;
+    state.program_counter = config.main_offset;
     state.debug.max_offset = 0;
     state.debug.max_opdesc_id = 0;
 
@@ -582,9 +579,11 @@ OutputVertex RunShader(const InputVertex& input, int num_attributes, const Regs:
     state.conditional_code[1] = false;
 
     ProcessShaderCode(state);
+#if PICA_DUMP_SHADERS
     DebugUtils::DumpShader(setup.program_code.data(), state.debug.max_offset, setup.swizzle_data.data(),
                            state.debug.max_opdesc_id, config.main_offset,
                            g_state.regs.vs_output_attributes); // TODO: Don't hardcode VS here
+#endif
 
     // Setup output data
     OutputVertex ret;