8 files changed, 1455 insertions, 592 deletions

diff --git a/src/common/CMakeLists.txt b/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
index 3adf13a3f..bf97d9ba2 100644
--- a/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -110,8 +110,12 @@ add_library(common STATIC
     scratch_buffer.h
     settings.cpp
     settings.h
+    settings_common.cpp
+    settings_common.h
+    settings_enums.h
     settings_input.cpp
     settings_input.h
+    settings_setting.h
     socket_types.h
     spin_lock.cpp
     spin_lock.h
@@ -193,9 +197,16 @@ if (MSVC)
     /we4254 # 'operator': conversion from 'type1:field_bits' to 'type2:field_bits', possible loss of data
     /we4800 # Implicit conversion from 'type' to bool. Possible information loss
   )
-else()
+endif()
+
+if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
   target_compile_options(common PRIVATE
-    $<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:Clang>:-fsized-deallocation>
+    -fsized-deallocation
+    -Werror=unreachable-code-aggressive
+  )
+  target_compile_definitions(common PRIVATE
+    # Clang 14 and earlier have errors when explicitly instantiating Settings::Setting
+    $<$<VERSION_LESS:$<CXX_COMPILER_VERSION>,15>:CANNOT_EXPLICITLY_INSTANTIATE>
   )
 endif()
 
diff --git a/src/common/logging/backend.cpp b/src/common/logging/backend.cpp
index 6e8e8eb36..d4f27197c 100644
--- a/src/common/logging/backend.cpp
+++ b/src/common/logging/backend.cpp
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public:
 
         using namespace Common::Literals;
         // Prevent logs from exceeding a set maximum size in the event that log entries are spammed.
-        const auto write_limit = Settings::values.extended_logging ? 1_GiB : 100_MiB;
+        const auto write_limit = Settings::values.extended_logging.GetValue() ? 1_GiB : 100_MiB;
         const bool write_limit_exceeded = bytes_written > write_limit;
         if (entry.log_level >= Level::Error || write_limit_exceeded) {
             if (write_limit_exceeded) {
diff --git a/src/common/settings.cpp b/src/common/settings.cpp
index d4e55f988..15fd2e222 100644
--- a/src/common/settings.cpp
+++ b/src/common/settings.cpp
@@ -7,9 +7,16 @@
 #include <exception>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #endif
+#include <compare>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <functional>
 #include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <fmt/core.h>
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/fs/fs_util.h"
 #include "common/fs/path_util.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/settings.h"
@@ -17,11 +24,50 @@
 
 namespace Settings {
 
+// Clang 14 and earlier have errors when explicitly instantiating these classes
+#ifndef CANNOT_EXPLICITLY_INSTANTIATE
+#define SETTING(TYPE, RANGED) template class Setting<TYPE, RANGED>
+#define SWITCHABLE(TYPE, RANGED) template class SwitchableSetting<TYPE, RANGED>
+
+SETTING(AudioEngine, false);
+SETTING(bool, false);
+SETTING(int, false);
+SETTING(std::string, false);
+SETTING(u16, false);
+SWITCHABLE(AnisotropyMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AntiAliasing, false);
+SWITCHABLE(AspectRatio, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AstcDecodeMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AstcRecompression, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AudioMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(CpuAccuracy, true);
+SWITCHABLE(FullscreenMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(GpuAccuracy, true);
+SWITCHABLE(Language, true);
+SWITCHABLE(NvdecEmulation, false);
+SWITCHABLE(Region, true);
+SWITCHABLE(RendererBackend, true);
+SWITCHABLE(ScalingFilter, false);
+SWITCHABLE(ShaderBackend, true);
+SWITCHABLE(TimeZone, true);
+SETTING(VSyncMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(bool, false);
+SWITCHABLE(int, false);
+SWITCHABLE(int, true);
+SWITCHABLE(s64, false);
+SWITCHABLE(u16, true);
+SWITCHABLE(u32, false);
+SWITCHABLE(u8, false);
+SWITCHABLE(u8, true);
+
+#undef SETTING
+#undef SWITCHABLE
+#endif
+
 Values values;
-static bool configuring_global = true;
 
-std::string GetTimeZoneString() {
-    const auto time_zone_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(values.time_zone_index.GetValue());
+std::string GetTimeZoneString(TimeZone time_zone) {
+    const auto time_zone_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(time_zone);
     ASSERT(time_zone_index < Common::TimeZone::GetTimeZoneStrings().size());
 
     std::string location_name;
@@ -61,73 +107,35 @@ void LogSettings() {
     };
 
     LOG_INFO(Config, "yuzu Configuration:");
-    log_setting("Controls_UseDockedMode", values.use_docked_mode.GetValue());
-    log_setting("System_RngSeed", values.rng_seed.GetValue().value_or(0));
-    log_setting("System_DeviceName", values.device_name.GetValue());
-    log_setting("System_CurrentUser", values.current_user.GetValue());
-    log_setting("System_LanguageIndex", values.language_index.GetValue());
-    log_setting("System_RegionIndex", values.region_index.GetValue());
-    log_setting("System_TimeZoneIndex", values.time_zone_index.GetValue());
-    log_setting("System_UnsafeMemoryLayout", values.use_unsafe_extended_memory_layout.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Core_UseMultiCore", values.use_multi_core.GetValue());
-    log_setting("CPU_Accuracy", values.cpu_accuracy.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseResolutionScaling", values.resolution_setup.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_ScalingFilter", values.scaling_filter.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_FSRSlider", values.fsr_sharpening_slider.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_AntiAliasing", values.anti_aliasing.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseSpeedLimit", values.use_speed_limit.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_SpeedLimit", values.speed_limit.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseDiskShaderCache", values.use_disk_shader_cache.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_GPUAccuracyLevel", values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseAsynchronousGpuEmulation",
-                values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_NvdecEmulation", values.nvdec_emulation.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_AccelerateASTC", values.accelerate_astc.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_AsyncASTC", values.async_astc.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_AstcRecompression", values.astc_recompression.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseVsync", values.vsync_mode.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseReactiveFlushing", values.use_reactive_flushing.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_ShaderBackend", values.shader_backend.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_UseAsynchronousShaders", values.use_asynchronous_shaders.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Renderer_AnisotropicFilteringLevel", values.max_anisotropy.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Audio_OutputEngine", values.sink_id.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Audio_OutputDevice", values.audio_output_device_id.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Audio_InputDevice", values.audio_input_device_id.GetValue());
-    log_setting("DataStorage_UseVirtualSd", values.use_virtual_sd.GetValue());
+    for (auto& [category, settings] : values.linkage.by_category) {
+        for (const auto& setting : settings) {
+            if (setting->Id() == values.yuzu_token.Id()) {
+                // Hide the token secret, for security reasons.
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            const auto name = fmt::format(
+                "{:c}{:c} {}.{}", setting->ToString() == setting->DefaultToString() ? '-' : 'M',
+                setting->UsingGlobal() ? '-' : 'C', TranslateCategory(category),
+                setting->GetLabel());
+
+            log_setting(name, setting->Canonicalize());
+        }
+    }
     log_path("DataStorage_CacheDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::CacheDir));
     log_path("DataStorage_ConfigDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::ConfigDir));
     log_path("DataStorage_LoadDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::LoadDir));
     log_path("DataStorage_NANDDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::NANDDir));
     log_path("DataStorage_SDMCDir", Common::FS::GetYuzuPath(Common::FS::YuzuPath::SDMCDir));
-    log_setting("Debugging_ProgramArgs", values.program_args.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Debugging_GDBStub", values.use_gdbstub.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableMotion", values.motion_enabled.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableVibration", values.vibration_enabled.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableTouch", values.touchscreen.enabled);
-    log_setting("Input_EnableMouse", values.mouse_enabled.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableKeyboard", values.keyboard_enabled.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableRingController", values.enable_ring_controller.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableIrSensor", values.enable_ir_sensor.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableCustomJoycon", values.enable_joycon_driver.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableCustomProController", values.enable_procon_driver.GetValue());
-    log_setting("Input_EnableRawInput", values.enable_raw_input.GetValue());
-}
-
-bool IsConfiguringGlobal() {
-    return configuring_global;
-}
-
-void SetConfiguringGlobal(bool is_global) {
-    configuring_global = is_global;
 }
 
 bool IsGPULevelExtreme() {
-    return values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue() == GPUAccuracy::Extreme;
+    return values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue() == GpuAccuracy::Extreme;
 }
 
 bool IsGPULevelHigh() {
-    return values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue() == GPUAccuracy::Extreme ||
-           values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue() == GPUAccuracy::High;
+    return values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue() == GpuAccuracy::Extreme ||
+           values.gpu_accuracy.GetValue() == GpuAccuracy::High;
 }
 
 bool IsFastmemEnabled() {
@@ -144,6 +152,61 @@ float Volume() {
     return values.volume.GetValue() / static_cast<f32>(values.volume.GetDefault());
 }
 
+const char* TranslateCategory(Category category) {
+    switch (category) {
+    case Category::Audio:
+        return "Audio";
+    case Category::Core:
+        return "Core";
+    case Category::Cpu:
+    case Category::CpuDebug:
+    case Category::CpuUnsafe:
+        return "Cpu";
+    case Category::Renderer:
+    case Category::RendererAdvanced:
+    case Category::RendererDebug:
+        return "Renderer";
+    case Category::System:
+    case Category::SystemAudio:
+        return "System";
+    case Category::DataStorage:
+        return "Data Storage";
+    case Category::Debugging:
+    case Category::DebuggingGraphics:
+        return "Debugging";
+    case Category::Miscellaneous:
+        return "Miscellaneous";
+    case Category::Network:
+        return "Network";
+    case Category::WebService:
+        return "WebService";
+    case Category::AddOns:
+        return "DisabledAddOns";
+    case Category::Controls:
+        return "Controls";
+    case Category::Ui:
+    case Category::UiGeneral:
+        return "UI";
+    case Category::UiLayout:
+        return "UiLayout";
+    case Category::UiGameList:
+        return "UiGameList";
+    case Category::Screenshots:
+        return "Screenshots";
+    case Category::Shortcuts:
+        return "Shortcuts";
+    case Category::Multiplayer:
+        return "Multiplayer";
+    case Category::Services:
+        return "Services";
+    case Category::Paths:
+        return "Paths";
+    case Category::MaxEnum:
+        break;
+    }
+    return "Miscellaneous";
+}
+
 void UpdateRescalingInfo() {
     const auto setup = values.resolution_setup.GetValue();
     auto& info = values.resolution_info;
@@ -212,66 +275,19 @@ void RestoreGlobalState(bool is_powered_on) {
         return;
     }
 
-    // Audio
-    values.volume.SetGlobal(true);
-
-    // Core
-    values.use_multi_core.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_unsafe_extended_memory_layout.SetGlobal(true);
-
-    // CPU
-    values.cpu_accuracy.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_standard_fpcr.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_global_monitor.SetGlobal(true);
+    for (const auto& reset : values.linkage.restore_functions) {
+        reset();
+    }
+}
 
-    // Renderer
-    values.fsr_sharpening_slider.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.renderer_backend.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.async_presentation.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.renderer_force_max_clock.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.vulkan_device.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.fullscreen_mode.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.aspect_ratio.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.resolution_setup.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.scaling_filter.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.anti_aliasing.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.max_anisotropy.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_speed_limit.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.speed_limit.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_disk_shader_cache.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.gpu_accuracy.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.nvdec_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.accelerate_astc.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.async_astc.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.astc_recompression.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_reactive_flushing.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.shader_backend.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_asynchronous_shaders.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_fast_gpu_time.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.bg_red.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.bg_green.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.bg_blue.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.enable_compute_pipelines.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_video_framerate.SetGlobal(true);
+static bool configuring_global = true;
 
-    // System
-    values.language_index.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.region_index.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.time_zone_index.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.rng_seed.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.sound_index.SetGlobal(true);
+bool IsConfiguringGlobal() {
+    return configuring_global;
+}
 
-    // Controls
-    values.players.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.use_docked_mode.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.vibration_enabled.SetGlobal(true);
-    values.motion_enabled.SetGlobal(true);
+void SetConfiguringGlobal(bool is_global) {
+    configuring_global = is_global;
 }
 
 } // namespace Settings
diff --git a/src/common/settings.h b/src/common/settings.h
index 59e96e74f..b0bc6519a 100644
--- a/src/common/settings.h
+++ b/src/common/settings.h
@@ -6,95 +6,21 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <map>
-#include <optional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/settings_common.h"
+#include "common/settings_enums.h"
 #include "common/settings_input.h"
+#include "common/settings_setting.h"
 
 namespace Settings {
 
-enum class VSyncMode : u32 {
-    Immediate = 0,
-    Mailbox = 1,
-    FIFO = 2,
-    FIFORelaxed = 3,
-};
-
-enum class RendererBackend : u32 {
-    OpenGL = 0,
-    Vulkan = 1,
-    Null = 2,
-};
-
-enum class ShaderBackend : u32 {
-    GLSL = 0,
-    GLASM = 1,
-    SPIRV = 2,
-};
-
-enum class GPUAccuracy : u32 {
-    Normal = 0,
-    High = 1,
-    Extreme = 2,
-};
-
-enum class CPUAccuracy : u32 {
-    Auto = 0,
-    Accurate = 1,
-    Unsafe = 2,
-    Paranoid = 3,
-};
-
-enum class FullscreenMode : u32 {
-    Borderless = 0,
-    Exclusive = 1,
-};
-
-enum class NvdecEmulation : u32 {
-    Off = 0,
-    CPU = 1,
-    GPU = 2,
-};
-
-enum class ResolutionSetup : u32 {
-    Res1_2X = 0,
-    Res3_4X = 1,
-    Res1X = 2,
-    Res3_2X = 3,
-    Res2X = 4,
-    Res3X = 5,
-    Res4X = 6,
-    Res5X = 7,
-    Res6X = 8,
-    Res7X = 9,
-    Res8X = 10,
-};
-
-enum class ScalingFilter : u32 {
-    NearestNeighbor = 0,
-    Bilinear = 1,
-    Bicubic = 2,
-    Gaussian = 3,
-    ScaleForce = 4,
-    Fsr = 5,
-    LastFilter = Fsr,
-};
-
-enum class AntiAliasing : u32 {
-    None = 0,
-    Fxaa = 1,
-    Smaa = 2,
-    LastAA = Smaa,
-};
-
-enum class AstcRecompression : u32 {
-    Uncompressed = 0,
-    Bc1 = 1,
-    Bc3 = 2,
-};
+const char* TranslateCategory(Settings::Category category);
 
 struct ResolutionScalingInfo {
     u32 up_scale{1};
@@ -119,239 +45,47 @@ struct ResolutionScalingInfo {
     }
 };
 
-/** The Setting class is a simple resource manager. It defines a label and default value alongside
- * the actual value of the setting for simpler and less-error prone use with frontend
- * configurations. Specifying a default value and label is required. A minimum and maximum range can
- * be specified for sanitization.
- */
-template <typename Type, bool ranged = false>
-class Setting {
-protected:
-    Setting() = default;
-
-    /**
-     * Only sets the setting to the given initializer, leaving the other members to their default
-     * initializers.
-     *
-     * @param global_val Initial value of the setting
-     */
-    explicit Setting(const Type& val) : value{val} {}
-
-public:
-    /**
-     * Sets a default value, label, and setting value.
-     *
-     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
-     * @param name Label for the setting
-     */
-    explicit Setting(const Type& default_val, const std::string& name)
-        requires(!ranged)
-        : value{default_val}, default_value{default_val}, label{name} {}
-    virtual ~Setting() = default;
-
-    /**
-     * Sets a default value, minimum value, maximum value, and label.
-     *
-     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
-     * @param min_val Sets the minimum allowed value of the setting
-     * @param max_val Sets the maximum allowed value of the setting
-     * @param name Label for the setting
-     */
-    explicit Setting(const Type& default_val, const Type& min_val, const Type& max_val,
-                     const std::string& name)
-        requires(ranged)
-        : value{default_val},
-          default_value{default_val}, maximum{max_val}, minimum{min_val}, label{name} {}
-
-    /**
-     *  Returns a reference to the setting's value.
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the setting
-     */
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const Type& GetValue() const {
-        return value;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the setting to the given value.
-     *
-     * @param val The desired value
-     */
-    virtual void SetValue(const Type& val) {
-        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, minimum, maximum) : val};
-        std::swap(value, temp);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the value that this setting was created with.
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the default value
-     */
-    [[nodiscard]] const Type& GetDefault() const {
-        return default_value;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the label this setting was created with.
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the label
-     */
-    [[nodiscard]] const std::string& GetLabel() const {
-        return label;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Assigns a value to the setting.
-     *
-     * @param val The desired setting value
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the setting
-     */
-    virtual const Type& operator=(const Type& val) {
-        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, minimum, maximum) : val};
-        std::swap(value, temp);
-        return value;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a reference to the setting.
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the setting
-     */
-    explicit virtual operator const Type&() const {
-        return value;
-    }
-
-protected:
-    Type value{};               ///< The setting
-    const Type default_value{}; ///< The default value
-    const Type maximum{};       ///< Maximum allowed value of the setting
-    const Type minimum{};       ///< Minimum allowed value of the setting
-    const std::string label{};  ///< The setting's label
-};
-
-/**
- * The SwitchableSetting class is a slightly more complex version of the Setting class. This adds a
- * custom setting to switch to when a guest application specifically requires it. The effect is that
- * other components of the emulator can access the setting's intended value without any need for the
- * component to ask whether the custom or global setting is needed at the moment.
- *
- * By default, the global setting is used.
- */
-template <typename Type, bool ranged = false>
-class SwitchableSetting : virtual public Setting<Type, ranged> {
-public:
-    /**
-     * Sets a default value, label, and setting value.
-     *
-     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
-     * @param name Label for the setting
-     */
-    explicit SwitchableSetting(const Type& default_val, const std::string& name)
-        requires(!ranged)
-        : Setting<Type>{default_val, name} {}
-    virtual ~SwitchableSetting() = default;
-
-    /**
-     * Sets a default value, minimum value, maximum value, and label.
-     *
-     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
-     * @param min_val Sets the minimum allowed value of the setting
-     * @param max_val Sets the maximum allowed value of the setting
-     * @param name Label for the setting
-     */
-    explicit SwitchableSetting(const Type& default_val, const Type& min_val, const Type& max_val,
-                               const std::string& name)
-        requires(ranged)
-        : Setting<Type, true>{default_val, min_val, max_val, name} {}
-
-    /**
-     * Tells this setting to represent either the global or custom setting when other member
-     * functions are used.
-     *
-     * @param to_global Whether to use the global or custom setting.
-     */
-    void SetGlobal(bool to_global) {
-        use_global = to_global;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether this setting is using the global setting or not.
-     *
-     * @returns The global state
-     */
-    [[nodiscard]] bool UsingGlobal() const {
-        return use_global;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns either the global or custom setting depending on the values of this setting's global
-     * state or if the global value was specifically requested.
-     *
-     * @param need_global Request global value regardless of setting's state; defaults to false
-     *
-     * @returns The required value of the setting
-     */
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const Type& GetValue() const override {
-        if (use_global) {
-            return this->value;
-        }
-        return custom;
-    }
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const Type& GetValue(bool need_global) const {
-        if (use_global || need_global) {
-            return this->value;
-        }
-        return custom;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the current setting value depending on the global state.
-     *
-     * @param val The new value
-     */
-    void SetValue(const Type& val) override {
-        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, this->minimum, this->maximum) : val};
-        if (use_global) {
-            std::swap(this->value, temp);
-        } else {
-            std::swap(custom, temp);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Assigns the current setting value depending on the global state.
-     *
-     * @param val The new value
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the current setting value
-     */
-    const Type& operator=(const Type& val) override {
-        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, this->minimum, this->maximum) : val};
-        if (use_global) {
-            std::swap(this->value, temp);
-            return this->value;
-        }
-        std::swap(custom, temp);
-        return custom;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the current setting value depending on the global state.
-     *
-     * @returns A reference to the current setting value
-     */
-    virtual explicit operator const Type&() const override {
-        if (use_global) {
-            return this->value;
-        }
-        return custom;
-    }
-
-protected:
-    bool use_global{true}; ///< The setting's global state
-    Type custom{};         ///< The custom value of the setting
-};
+#ifndef CANNOT_EXPLICITLY_INSTANTIATE
+// Instantiate the classes elsewhere (settings.cpp) to reduce compiler/linker work
+#define SETTING(TYPE, RANGED) extern template class Setting<TYPE, RANGED>
+#define SWITCHABLE(TYPE, RANGED) extern template class SwitchableSetting<TYPE, RANGED>
+
+SETTING(AudioEngine, false);
+SETTING(bool, false);
+SETTING(int, false);
+SETTING(s32, false);
+SETTING(std::string, false);
+SETTING(std::string, false);
+SETTING(u16, false);
+SWITCHABLE(AnisotropyMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AntiAliasing, false);
+SWITCHABLE(AspectRatio, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AstcDecodeMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AstcRecompression, true);
+SWITCHABLE(AudioMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(CpuAccuracy, true);
+SWITCHABLE(FullscreenMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(GpuAccuracy, true);
+SWITCHABLE(Language, true);
+SWITCHABLE(NvdecEmulation, false);
+SWITCHABLE(Region, true);
+SWITCHABLE(RendererBackend, true);
+SWITCHABLE(ScalingFilter, false);
+SWITCHABLE(ShaderBackend, true);
+SWITCHABLE(TimeZone, true);
+SETTING(VSyncMode, true);
+SWITCHABLE(bool, false);
+SWITCHABLE(int, false);
+SWITCHABLE(int, true);
+SWITCHABLE(s64, false);
+SWITCHABLE(u16, true);
+SWITCHABLE(u32, false);
+SWITCHABLE(u8, false);
+SWITCHABLE(u8, true);
+
+#undef SETTING
+#undef SWITCHABLE
+#endif
 
 /**
  * The InputSetting class allows for getting a reference to either the global or custom members.
@@ -391,208 +125,388 @@ struct TouchFromButtonMap {
 };
 
 struct Values {
+    Linkage linkage{};
+
     // Audio
-    Setting<std::string> sink_id{"auto", "output_engine"};
-    Setting<std::string> audio_output_device_id{"auto", "output_device"};
-    Setting<std::string> audio_input_device_id{"auto", "input_device"};
-    Setting<bool> audio_muted{false, "audio_muted"};
-    SwitchableSetting<u8, true> volume{100, 0, 200, "volume"};
-    Setting<bool> dump_audio_commands{false, "dump_audio_commands"};
+    Setting<AudioEngine> sink_id{linkage, AudioEngine::Auto, "output_engine", Category::Audio,
+                                 Specialization::RuntimeList};
+    Setting<std::string> audio_output_device_id{linkage, "auto", "output_device", Category::Audio,
+                                                Specialization::RuntimeList};
+    Setting<std::string> audio_input_device_id{linkage, "auto", "input_device", Category::Audio,
+                                               Specialization::RuntimeList};
+    SwitchableSetting<AudioMode, true> sound_index{
+        linkage,       AudioMode::Stereo,     AudioMode::Mono,         AudioMode::Surround,
+        "sound_index", Category::SystemAudio, Specialization::Default, true,
+        true};
+    SwitchableSetting<u8, true> volume{linkage,
+                                       100,
+                                       0,
+                                       200,
+                                       "volume",
+                                       Category::Audio,
+                                       Specialization::Scalar | Specialization::Percentage,
+                                       true,
+                                       true};
+    Setting<bool, false> audio_muted{
+        linkage, false, "audio_muted", Category::Audio, Specialization::Default, false, true};
+    Setting<bool, false> dump_audio_commands{
+        linkage, false, "dump_audio_commands", Category::Audio, Specialization::Default, false};
 
     // Core
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_multi_core{true, "use_multi_core"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_unsafe_extended_memory_layout{false,
-                                                              "use_unsafe_extended_memory_layout"};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_multi_core{linkage, true, "use_multi_core", Category::Core};
+    SwitchableSetting<MemoryLayout, true> memory_layout_mode{linkage,
+                                                             MemoryLayout::Memory_4Gb,
+                                                             MemoryLayout::Memory_4Gb,
+                                                             MemoryLayout::Memory_8Gb,
+                                                             "memory_layout_mode",
+                                                             Category::Core};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_speed_limit{
+        linkage, true, "use_speed_limit", Category::Core, Specialization::Paired, false, true};
+    SwitchableSetting<u16, true> speed_limit{linkage,
+                                             100,
+                                             0,
+                                             9999,
+                                             "speed_limit",
+                                             Category::Core,
+                                             Specialization::Countable | Specialization::Percentage,
+                                             true,
+                                             true,
+                                             &use_speed_limit};
 
     // Cpu
-    SwitchableSetting<CPUAccuracy, true> cpu_accuracy{CPUAccuracy::Auto, CPUAccuracy::Auto,
-                                                      CPUAccuracy::Paranoid, "cpu_accuracy"};
-    // TODO: remove cpu_accuracy_first_time, migration setting added 8 July 2021
-    Setting<bool> cpu_accuracy_first_time{true, "cpu_accuracy_first_time"};
-    Setting<bool> cpu_debug_mode{false, "cpu_debug_mode"};
-
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_page_tables{true, "cpuopt_page_tables"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_block_linking{true, "cpuopt_block_linking"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_return_stack_buffer{true, "cpuopt_return_stack_buffer"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_fast_dispatcher{true, "cpuopt_fast_dispatcher"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_context_elimination{true, "cpuopt_context_elimination"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_const_prop{true, "cpuopt_const_prop"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_misc_ir{true, "cpuopt_misc_ir"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_reduce_misalign_checks{true, "cpuopt_reduce_misalign_checks"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_fastmem{true, "cpuopt_fastmem"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_fastmem_exclusives{true, "cpuopt_fastmem_exclusives"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_recompile_exclusives{true, "cpuopt_recompile_exclusives"};
-    Setting<bool> cpuopt_ignore_memory_aborts{true, "cpuopt_ignore_memory_aborts"};
-
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma{true, "cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error{true, "cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error"};
+    SwitchableSetting<CpuAccuracy, true> cpu_accuracy{linkage,           CpuAccuracy::Auto,
+                                                      CpuAccuracy::Auto, CpuAccuracy::Paranoid,
+                                                      "cpu_accuracy",    Category::Cpu};
+    Setting<bool> cpu_debug_mode{linkage, false, "cpu_debug_mode", Category::CpuDebug};
+
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_page_tables{linkage, true, "cpuopt_page_tables", Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_block_linking{linkage, true, "cpuopt_block_linking", Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_return_stack_buffer{linkage, true, "cpuopt_return_stack_buffer",
+                                             Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_fast_dispatcher{linkage, true, "cpuopt_fast_dispatcher",
+                                         Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_context_elimination{linkage, true, "cpuopt_context_elimination",
+                                             Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_const_prop{linkage, true, "cpuopt_const_prop", Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_misc_ir{linkage, true, "cpuopt_misc_ir", Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_reduce_misalign_checks{linkage, true, "cpuopt_reduce_misalign_checks",
+                                                Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_fastmem{linkage, true, "cpuopt_fastmem", Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_fastmem_exclusives{linkage, true, "cpuopt_fastmem_exclusives",
+                                            Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_recompile_exclusives{linkage, true, "cpuopt_recompile_exclusives",
+                                              Category::CpuDebug};
+    Setting<bool> cpuopt_ignore_memory_aborts{linkage, true, "cpuopt_ignore_memory_aborts",
+                                              Category::CpuDebug};
+
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma{linkage, true, "cpuopt_unsafe_unfuse_fma",
+                                                     Category::CpuUnsafe};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error{
+        linkage, true, "cpuopt_unsafe_reduce_fp_error", Category::CpuUnsafe};
     SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_standard_fpcr{
-        true, "cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_standard_fpcr"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan{true, "cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check{true, "cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check"};
+        linkage, true, "cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_standard_fpcr", Category::CpuUnsafe};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan{
+        linkage, true, "cpuopt_unsafe_inaccurate_nan", Category::CpuUnsafe};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check{
+        linkage, true, "cpuopt_unsafe_fastmem_check", Category::CpuUnsafe};
     SwitchableSetting<bool> cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_global_monitor{
-        true, "cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_global_monitor"};
+        linkage, true, "cpuopt_unsafe_ignore_global_monitor", Category::CpuUnsafe};
 
     // Renderer
     SwitchableSetting<RendererBackend, true> renderer_backend{
-        RendererBackend::Vulkan, RendererBackend::OpenGL, RendererBackend::Null, "backend"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> async_presentation{false, "async_presentation"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> renderer_force_max_clock{false, "force_max_clock"};
-    Setting<bool> renderer_debug{false, "debug"};
-    Setting<bool> renderer_shader_feedback{false, "shader_feedback"};
-    Setting<bool> enable_nsight_aftermath{false, "nsight_aftermath"};
-    Setting<bool> disable_shader_loop_safety_checks{false, "disable_shader_loop_safety_checks"};
-    SwitchableSetting<int> vulkan_device{0, "vulkan_device"};
-
-    ResolutionScalingInfo resolution_info{};
-    SwitchableSetting<ResolutionSetup> resolution_setup{ResolutionSetup::Res1X, "resolution_setup"};
-    SwitchableSetting<ScalingFilter> scaling_filter{ScalingFilter::Bilinear, "scaling_filter"};
-    SwitchableSetting<int, true> fsr_sharpening_slider{25, 0, 200, "fsr_sharpening_slider"};
-    SwitchableSetting<AntiAliasing> anti_aliasing{AntiAliasing::None, "anti_aliasing"};
+        linkage,   RendererBackend::Vulkan, RendererBackend::OpenGL, RendererBackend::Null,
+        "backend", Category::Renderer};
+    SwitchableSetting<ShaderBackend, true> shader_backend{
+        linkage,          ShaderBackend::Glsl, ShaderBackend::Glsl,        ShaderBackend::SpirV,
+        "shader_backend", Category::Renderer,  Specialization::RuntimeList};
+    SwitchableSetting<int> vulkan_device{linkage, 0, "vulkan_device", Category::Renderer,
+                                         Specialization::RuntimeList};
+
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_disk_shader_cache{linkage, true, "use_disk_shader_cache",
+                                                  Category::Renderer};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation{
+        linkage, true, "use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation", Category::Renderer};
+    SwitchableSetting<AstcDecodeMode, true> accelerate_astc{linkage,
+                                                            AstcDecodeMode::Gpu,
+                                                            AstcDecodeMode::Cpu,
+                                                            AstcDecodeMode::CpuAsynchronous,
+                                                            "accelerate_astc",
+                                                            Category::Renderer};
+    Setting<VSyncMode, true> vsync_mode{
+        linkage,     VSyncMode::Fifo,    VSyncMode::Immediate,        VSyncMode::FifoRelaxed,
+        "use_vsync", Category::Renderer, Specialization::RuntimeList, true,
+        true};
+    SwitchableSetting<NvdecEmulation> nvdec_emulation{linkage, NvdecEmulation::Gpu,
+                                                      "nvdec_emulation", Category::Renderer};
     // *nix platforms may have issues with the borderless windowed fullscreen mode.
     // Default to exclusive fullscreen on these platforms for now.
-    SwitchableSetting<FullscreenMode, true> fullscreen_mode{
+    SwitchableSetting<FullscreenMode, true> fullscreen_mode{linkage,
 #ifdef _WIN32
-        FullscreenMode::Borderless,
+                                                            FullscreenMode::Borderless,
 #else
-        FullscreenMode::Exclusive,
+                                                            FullscreenMode::Exclusive,
 #endif
-        FullscreenMode::Borderless, FullscreenMode::Exclusive, "fullscreen_mode"};
-    SwitchableSetting<int, true> aspect_ratio{0, 0, 4, "aspect_ratio"};
-    SwitchableSetting<int, true> max_anisotropy{0, 0, 5, "max_anisotropy"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_speed_limit{true, "use_speed_limit"};
-    SwitchableSetting<u16, true> speed_limit{100, 0, 9999, "speed_limit"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_disk_shader_cache{true, "use_disk_shader_cache"};
-    SwitchableSetting<GPUAccuracy, true> gpu_accuracy{GPUAccuracy::High, GPUAccuracy::Normal,
-                                                      GPUAccuracy::Extreme, "gpu_accuracy"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation{true, "use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation"};
-    SwitchableSetting<NvdecEmulation> nvdec_emulation{NvdecEmulation::GPU, "nvdec_emulation"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> accelerate_astc{true, "accelerate_astc"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> async_astc{false, "async_astc"};
-    Setting<VSyncMode, true> vsync_mode{VSyncMode::FIFO, VSyncMode::Immediate,
-                                        VSyncMode::FIFORelaxed, "use_vsync"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_reactive_flushing{true, "use_reactive_flushing"};
-    SwitchableSetting<ShaderBackend, true> shader_backend{ShaderBackend::GLSL, ShaderBackend::GLSL,
-                                                          ShaderBackend::SPIRV, "shader_backend"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_asynchronous_shaders{false, "use_asynchronous_shaders"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_fast_gpu_time{true, "use_fast_gpu_time"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache{true,
-                                                             "use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> enable_compute_pipelines{false, "enable_compute_pipelines"};
-    SwitchableSetting<AstcRecompression, true> astc_recompression{
-        AstcRecompression::Uncompressed, AstcRecompression::Uncompressed, AstcRecompression::Bc3,
-        "astc_recompression"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_video_framerate{false, "use_video_framerate"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> barrier_feedback_loops{true, "barrier_feedback_loops"};
-
-    SwitchableSetting<u8> bg_red{0, "bg_red"};
-    SwitchableSetting<u8> bg_green{0, "bg_green"};
-    SwitchableSetting<u8> bg_blue{0, "bg_blue"};
+                                                            FullscreenMode::Borderless,
+                                                            FullscreenMode::Exclusive,
+                                                            "fullscreen_mode",
+                                                            Category::Renderer,
+                                                            Specialization::Default,
+                                                            true,
+                                                            true};
+    SwitchableSetting<AspectRatio, true> aspect_ratio{linkage,
+                                                      AspectRatio::R16_9,
+                                                      AspectRatio::R16_9,
+                                                      AspectRatio::Stretch,
+                                                      "aspect_ratio",
+                                                      Category::Renderer,
+                                                      Specialization::Default,
+                                                      true,
+                                                      true};
+
+    ResolutionScalingInfo resolution_info{};
+    SwitchableSetting<ResolutionSetup> resolution_setup{linkage, ResolutionSetup::Res1X,
+                                                        "resolution_setup", Category::Renderer};
+    SwitchableSetting<ScalingFilter> scaling_filter{linkage,
+                                                    ScalingFilter::Bilinear,
+                                                    "scaling_filter",
+                                                    Category::Renderer,
+                                                    Specialization::Default,
+                                                    true,
+                                                    true};
+    SwitchableSetting<AntiAliasing> anti_aliasing{linkage,
+                                                  AntiAliasing::None,
+                                                  "anti_aliasing",
+                                                  Category::Renderer,
+                                                  Specialization::Default,
+                                                  true,
+                                                  true};
+    SwitchableSetting<int, true> fsr_sharpening_slider{linkage,
+                                                       25,
+                                                       0,
+                                                       200,
+                                                       "fsr_sharpening_slider",
+                                                       Category::Renderer,
+                                                       Specialization::Scalar |
+                                                           Specialization::Percentage,
+                                                       true,
+                                                       true};
+
+    SwitchableSetting<u8, false> bg_red{
+        linkage, 0, "bg_red", Category::Renderer, Specialization::Default, true, true};
+    SwitchableSetting<u8, false> bg_green{
+        linkage, 0, "bg_green", Category::Renderer, Specialization::Default, true, true};
+    SwitchableSetting<u8, false> bg_blue{
+        linkage, 0, "bg_blue", Category::Renderer, Specialization::Default, true, true};
+
+    SwitchableSetting<GpuAccuracy, true> gpu_accuracy{linkage,
+                                                      GpuAccuracy::High,
+                                                      GpuAccuracy::Normal,
+                                                      GpuAccuracy::Extreme,
+                                                      "gpu_accuracy",
+                                                      Category::RendererAdvanced,
+                                                      Specialization::Default,
+                                                      true,
+                                                      true};
+    SwitchableSetting<AnisotropyMode, true> max_anisotropy{
+        linkage,          AnisotropyMode::Automatic, AnisotropyMode::Automatic, AnisotropyMode::X16,
+        "max_anisotropy", Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<AstcRecompression, true> astc_recompression{linkage,
+                                                                  AstcRecompression::Uncompressed,
+                                                                  AstcRecompression::Uncompressed,
+                                                                  AstcRecompression::Bc3,
+                                                                  "astc_recompression",
+                                                                  Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> async_presentation{linkage, false, "async_presentation",
+                                               Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> renderer_force_max_clock{linkage, false, "force_max_clock",
+                                                     Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_reactive_flushing{linkage, true, "use_reactive_flushing",
+                                                  Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_asynchronous_shaders{linkage, false, "use_asynchronous_shaders",
+                                                     Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_fast_gpu_time{
+        linkage, true, "use_fast_gpu_time", Category::RendererAdvanced, Specialization::Default,
+        true,    true};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache{linkage,
+                                                             true,
+                                                             "use_vulkan_driver_pipeline_cache",
+                                                             Category::RendererAdvanced,
+                                                             Specialization::Default,
+                                                             true,
+                                                             true};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> enable_compute_pipelines{linkage, false, "enable_compute_pipelines",
+                                                     Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_video_framerate{linkage, false, "use_video_framerate",
+                                                Category::RendererAdvanced};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> barrier_feedback_loops{linkage, true, "barrier_feedback_loops",
+                                                   Category::RendererAdvanced};
+
+    Setting<bool> renderer_debug{linkage, false, "debug", Category::RendererDebug};
+    Setting<bool> renderer_shader_feedback{linkage, false, "shader_feedback",
+                                           Category::RendererDebug};
+    Setting<bool> enable_nsight_aftermath{linkage, false, "nsight_aftermath",
+                                          Category::RendererDebug};
+    Setting<bool> disable_shader_loop_safety_checks{
+        linkage, false, "disable_shader_loop_safety_checks", Category::RendererDebug};
 
     // System
-    SwitchableSetting<std::optional<u32>> rng_seed{std::optional<u32>(), "rng_seed"};
-    Setting<std::string> device_name{"Yuzu", "device_name"};
+    SwitchableSetting<Language, true> language_index{linkage,
+                                                     Language::EnglishAmerican,
+                                                     Language::Japanese,
+                                                     Language::PortugueseBrazilian,
+                                                     "language_index",
+                                                     Category::System};
+    SwitchableSetting<Region, true> region_index{linkage,        Region::Usa,    Region::Japan,
+                                                 Region::Taiwan, "region_index", Category::System};
+    SwitchableSetting<TimeZone, true> time_zone_index{linkage,           TimeZone::Auto,
+                                                      TimeZone::Auto,    TimeZone::Zulu,
+                                                      "time_zone_index", Category::System};
     // Measured in seconds since epoch
-    std::optional<s64> custom_rtc;
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> custom_rtc_enabled{
+        linkage, false, "custom_rtc_enabled", Category::System, Specialization::Paired, true, true};
+    SwitchableSetting<s64> custom_rtc{
+        linkage, 0,    "custom_rtc",       Category::System, Specialization::Time,
+        true,    true, &custom_rtc_enabled};
     // Set on game boot, reset on stop. Seconds difference between current time and `custom_rtc`
     s64 custom_rtc_differential;
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> rng_seed_enabled{
+        linkage, false, "rng_seed_enabled", Category::System, Specialization::Paired, true, true};
+    SwitchableSetting<u32> rng_seed{
+        linkage, 0,    "rng_seed",       Category::System, Specialization::Hex,
+        true,    true, &rng_seed_enabled};
+    Setting<std::string> device_name{
+        linkage, "yuzu", "device_name", Category::System, Specialization::Default, true, true};
 
-    Setting<s32> current_user{0, "current_user"};
-    SwitchableSetting<s32, true> language_index{1, 0, 17, "language_index"};
-    SwitchableSetting<s32, true> region_index{1, 0, 6, "region_index"};
-    SwitchableSetting<s32, true> time_zone_index{0, 0, 45, "time_zone_index"};
-    SwitchableSetting<s32, true> sound_index{1, 0, 2, "sound_index"};
+    Setting<s32> current_user{linkage, 0, "current_user", Category::System};
+
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_docked_mode{linkage, true, "use_docked_mode", Category::System};
 
     // Controls
     InputSetting<std::array<PlayerInput, 10>> players;
 
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> use_docked_mode{true, "use_docked_mode"};
-
-    Setting<bool> enable_raw_input{false, "enable_raw_input"};
-    Setting<bool> controller_navigation{true, "controller_navigation"};
-    Setting<bool> enable_joycon_driver{true, "enable_joycon_driver"};
-    Setting<bool> enable_procon_driver{false, "enable_procon_driver"};
-
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> vibration_enabled{true, "vibration_enabled"};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> enable_accurate_vibrations{false, "enable_accurate_vibrations"};
-
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> motion_enabled{true, "motion_enabled"};
-    Setting<std::string> udp_input_servers{"127.0.0.1:26760", "udp_input_servers"};
-    Setting<bool> enable_udp_controller{false, "enable_udp_controller"};
-
-    Setting<bool> pause_tas_on_load{true, "pause_tas_on_load"};
-    Setting<bool> tas_enable{false, "tas_enable"};
-    Setting<bool> tas_loop{false, "tas_loop"};
-
-    Setting<bool> mouse_panning{false, "mouse_panning"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_x_sensitivity{50, 1, 100, "mouse_panning_x_sensitivity"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_y_sensitivity{50, 1, 100, "mouse_panning_y_sensitivity"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight{20, 0, 100,
-                                                           "mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_decay_strength{18, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_decay_strength"};
-    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_min_decay{6, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_min_decay"};
-
-    Setting<bool> mouse_enabled{false, "mouse_enabled"};
-    Setting<bool> emulate_analog_keyboard{false, "emulate_analog_keyboard"};
-    Setting<bool> keyboard_enabled{false, "keyboard_enabled"};
-
-    Setting<bool> debug_pad_enabled{false, "debug_pad_enabled"};
+    Setting<bool> enable_raw_input{
+        linkage, false, "enable_raw_input", Category::Controls, Specialization::Default,
+// Only read/write enable_raw_input on Windows platforms
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        true
+#else
+        false
+#endif
+    };
+    Setting<bool> controller_navigation{linkage, true, "controller_navigation", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> enable_joycon_driver{linkage, true, "enable_joycon_driver", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> enable_procon_driver{linkage, false, "enable_procon_driver", Category::Controls};
+
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> vibration_enabled{linkage, true, "vibration_enabled",
+                                              Category::Controls};
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> enable_accurate_vibrations{linkage, false, "enable_accurate_vibrations",
+                                                       Category::Controls};
+
+    SwitchableSetting<bool> motion_enabled{linkage, true, "motion_enabled", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<std::string> udp_input_servers{linkage, "127.0.0.1:26760", "udp_input_servers",
+                                           Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> enable_udp_controller{linkage, false, "enable_udp_controller",
+                                        Category::Controls};
+
+    Setting<bool> pause_tas_on_load{linkage, true, "pause_tas_on_load", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> tas_enable{linkage, false, "tas_enable", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> tas_loop{linkage, false, "tas_loop", Category::Controls};
+
+    Setting<bool> mouse_panning{
+        linkage, false, "mouse_panning", Category::Controls, Specialization::Default, false};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_sensitivity{
+        linkage, 50, 1, 100, "mouse_panning_sensitivity", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> mouse_enabled{linkage, false, "mouse_enabled", Category::Controls};
+
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_x_sensitivity{
+        linkage, 50, 1, 100, "mouse_panning_x_sensitivity", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_y_sensitivity{
+        linkage, 50, 1, 100, "mouse_panning_y_sensitivity", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight{
+        linkage, 20, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_deadzone_counterweight", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_decay_strength{
+        linkage, 18, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_decay_strength", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<u8, true> mouse_panning_min_decay{
+        linkage, 6, 0, 100, "mouse_panning_min_decay", Category::Controls};
+
+    Setting<bool> emulate_analog_keyboard{linkage, false, "emulate_analog_keyboard",
+                                          Category::Controls};
+    Setting<bool> keyboard_enabled{linkage, false, "keyboard_enabled", Category::Controls};
+
+    Setting<bool> debug_pad_enabled{linkage, false, "debug_pad_enabled", Category::Controls};
     ButtonsRaw debug_pad_buttons;
     AnalogsRaw debug_pad_analogs;
 
     TouchscreenInput touchscreen;
 
-    Setting<std::string> touch_device{"min_x:100,min_y:50,max_x:1800,max_y:850", "touch_device"};
-    Setting<int> touch_from_button_map_index{0, "touch_from_button_map"};
+    Setting<std::string> touch_device{linkage, "min_x:100,min_y:50,max_x:1800,max_y:850",
+                                      "touch_device", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<int> touch_from_button_map_index{linkage, 0, "touch_from_button_map",
+                                             Category::Controls};
     std::vector<TouchFromButtonMap> touch_from_button_maps;
 
-    Setting<bool> enable_ring_controller{true, "enable_ring_controller"};
+    Setting<bool> enable_ring_controller{linkage, true, "enable_ring_controller",
+                                         Category::Controls};
     RingconRaw ringcon_analogs;
 
-    Setting<bool> enable_ir_sensor{false, "enable_ir_sensor"};
-    Setting<std::string> ir_sensor_device{"auto", "ir_sensor_device"};
+    Setting<bool> enable_ir_sensor{linkage, false, "enable_ir_sensor", Category::Controls};
+    Setting<std::string> ir_sensor_device{linkage, "auto", "ir_sensor_device", Category::Controls};
 
-    Setting<bool> random_amiibo_id{false, "random_amiibo_id"};
+    Setting<bool> random_amiibo_id{linkage, false, "random_amiibo_id", Category::Controls};
 
     // Data Storage
-    Setting<bool> use_virtual_sd{true, "use_virtual_sd"};
-    Setting<bool> gamecard_inserted{false, "gamecard_inserted"};
-    Setting<bool> gamecard_current_game{false, "gamecard_current_game"};
-    Setting<std::string> gamecard_path{std::string(), "gamecard_path"};
+    Setting<bool> use_virtual_sd{linkage, true, "use_virtual_sd", Category::DataStorage};
+    Setting<bool> gamecard_inserted{linkage, false, "gamecard_inserted", Category::DataStorage};
+    Setting<bool> gamecard_current_game{linkage, false, "gamecard_current_game",
+                                        Category::DataStorage};
+    Setting<std::string> gamecard_path{linkage, std::string(), "gamecard_path",
+                                       Category::DataStorage};
 
     // Debugging
     bool record_frame_times;
-    Setting<bool> use_gdbstub{false, "use_gdbstub"};
-    Setting<u16> gdbstub_port{6543, "gdbstub_port"};
-    Setting<std::string> program_args{std::string(), "program_args"};
-    Setting<bool> dump_exefs{false, "dump_exefs"};
-    Setting<bool> dump_nso{false, "dump_nso"};
-    Setting<bool> dump_shaders{false, "dump_shaders"};
-    Setting<bool> dump_macros{false, "dump_macros"};
-    Setting<bool> enable_fs_access_log{false, "enable_fs_access_log"};
-    Setting<bool> reporting_services{false, "reporting_services"};
-    Setting<bool> quest_flag{false, "quest_flag"};
-    Setting<bool> disable_macro_jit{false, "disable_macro_jit"};
-    Setting<bool> disable_macro_hle{false, "disable_macro_hle"};
-    Setting<bool> extended_logging{false, "extended_logging"};
-    Setting<bool> use_debug_asserts{false, "use_debug_asserts"};
-    Setting<bool> use_auto_stub{false, "use_auto_stub"};
-    Setting<bool> enable_all_controllers{false, "enable_all_controllers"};
-    Setting<bool> create_crash_dumps{false, "create_crash_dumps"};
-    Setting<bool> perform_vulkan_check{true, "perform_vulkan_check"};
+    Setting<bool> use_gdbstub{linkage, false, "use_gdbstub", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<u16> gdbstub_port{linkage, 6543, "gdbstub_port", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<std::string> program_args{linkage, std::string(), "program_args", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> dump_exefs{linkage, false, "dump_exefs", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> dump_nso{linkage, false, "dump_nso", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> dump_shaders{
+        linkage, false, "dump_shaders", Category::DebuggingGraphics, Specialization::Default,
+        false};
+    Setting<bool> dump_macros{
+        linkage, false, "dump_macros", Category::DebuggingGraphics, Specialization::Default, false};
+    Setting<bool> enable_fs_access_log{linkage, false, "enable_fs_access_log", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> reporting_services{
+        linkage, false, "reporting_services", Category::Debugging, Specialization::Default, false};
+    Setting<bool> quest_flag{linkage, false, "quest_flag", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> disable_macro_jit{linkage, false, "disable_macro_jit",
+                                    Category::DebuggingGraphics};
+    Setting<bool> disable_macro_hle{linkage, false, "disable_macro_hle",
+                                    Category::DebuggingGraphics};
+    Setting<bool> extended_logging{
+        linkage, false, "extended_logging", Category::Debugging, Specialization::Default, false};
+    Setting<bool> use_debug_asserts{linkage, false, "use_debug_asserts", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> use_auto_stub{
+        linkage, false, "use_auto_stub", Category::Debugging, Specialization::Default, false};
+    Setting<bool> enable_all_controllers{linkage, false, "enable_all_controllers",
+                                         Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> create_crash_dumps{linkage, false, "create_crash_dumps", Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> perform_vulkan_check{linkage, true, "perform_vulkan_check", Category::Debugging};
 
     // Miscellaneous
-    Setting<std::string> log_filter{"*:Info", "log_filter"};
-    Setting<bool> use_dev_keys{false, "use_dev_keys"};
+    Setting<std::string> log_filter{linkage, "*:Info", "log_filter", Category::Miscellaneous};
+    Setting<bool> use_dev_keys{linkage, false, "use_dev_keys", Category::Miscellaneous};
 
     // Network
-    Setting<std::string> network_interface{std::string(), "network_interface"};
+    Setting<std::string> network_interface{linkage, std::string(), "network_interface",
+                                           Category::Network};
 
     // WebService
-    Setting<bool> enable_telemetry{true, "enable_telemetry"};
-    Setting<std::string> web_api_url{"https://api.yuzu-emu.org", "web_api_url"};
-    Setting<std::string> yuzu_username{std::string(), "yuzu_username"};
-    Setting<std::string> yuzu_token{std::string(), "yuzu_token"};
+    Setting<bool> enable_telemetry{linkage, true, "enable_telemetry", Category::WebService};
+    Setting<std::string> web_api_url{linkage, "https://api.yuzu-emu.org", "web_api_url",
+                                     Category::WebService};
+    Setting<std::string> yuzu_username{linkage, std::string(), "yuzu_username",
+                                       Category::WebService};
+    Setting<std::string> yuzu_token{linkage, std::string(), "yuzu_token", Category::WebService};
 
     // Add-Ons
     std::map<u64, std::vector<std::string>> disabled_addons;
@@ -600,9 +514,6 @@ struct Values {
 
 extern Values values;
 
-bool IsConfiguringGlobal();
-void SetConfiguringGlobal(bool is_global);
-
 bool IsGPULevelExtreme();
 bool IsGPULevelHigh();
 
@@ -610,7 +521,7 @@ bool IsFastmemEnabled();
 
 float Volume();
 
-std::string GetTimeZoneString();
+std::string GetTimeZoneString(TimeZone time_zone);
 
 void LogSettings();
 
@@ -619,4 +530,7 @@ void UpdateRescalingInfo();
 // Restore the global state of all applicable settings in the Values struct
 void RestoreGlobalState(bool is_powered_on);
 
+bool IsConfiguringGlobal();
+void SetConfiguringGlobal(bool is_global);
+
 } // namespace Settings
diff --git a/src/common/settings_common.cpp b/src/common/settings_common.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dedf5ef90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/settings_common.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <string>
+#include "common/settings_common.h"
+
+namespace Settings {
+
+BasicSetting::BasicSetting(Linkage& linkage, const std::string& name, enum Category category_,
+                           bool save_, bool runtime_modifiable_, u32 specialization_,
+                           BasicSetting* other_setting_)
+    : label{name}, category{category_}, id{linkage.count}, save{save_},
+      runtime_modifiable{runtime_modifiable_}, specialization{specialization_},
+      other_setting{other_setting_} {
+    linkage.by_category[category].push_back(this);
+    linkage.count++;
+}
+
+BasicSetting::~BasicSetting() = default;
+
+std::string BasicSetting::ToStringGlobal() const {
+    return this->ToString();
+}
+
+bool BasicSetting::UsingGlobal() const {
+    return true;
+}
+
+void BasicSetting::SetGlobal(bool global) {}
+
+bool BasicSetting::Save() const {
+    return save;
+}
+
+bool BasicSetting::RuntimeModfiable() const {
+    return runtime_modifiable;
+}
+
+Category BasicSetting::GetCategory() const {
+    return category;
+}
+
+u32 BasicSetting::Specialization() const {
+    return specialization;
+}
+
+BasicSetting* BasicSetting::PairedSetting() const {
+    return other_setting;
+}
+
+const std::string& BasicSetting::GetLabel() const {
+    return label;
+}
+
+Linkage::Linkage(u32 initial_count) : count{initial_count} {}
+Linkage::~Linkage() = default;
+
+} // namespace Settings
diff --git a/src/common/settings_common.h b/src/common/settings_common.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2efb329b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/settings_common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <typeindex>
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace Settings {
+
+enum class Category : u32 {
+    Audio,
+    Core,
+    Cpu,
+    CpuDebug,
+    CpuUnsafe,
+    Renderer,
+    RendererAdvanced,
+    RendererDebug,
+    System,
+    SystemAudio,
+    DataStorage,
+    Debugging,
+    DebuggingGraphics,
+    Miscellaneous,
+    Network,
+    WebService,
+    AddOns,
+    Controls,
+    Ui,
+    UiGeneral,
+    UiLayout,
+    UiGameList,
+    Screenshots,
+    Shortcuts,
+    Multiplayer,
+    Services,
+    Paths,
+    MaxEnum,
+};
+
+constexpr u8 SpecializationTypeMask = 0xf;
+constexpr u8 SpecializationAttributeMask = 0xf0;
+constexpr u8 SpecializationAttributeOffset = 4;
+
+// Scalar and countable could have better names
+enum Specialization : u8 {
+    Default = 0,
+    Time = 1,        // Duration or specific moment in time
+    Hex = 2,         // Hexadecimal number
+    List = 3,        // Setting has specific members
+    RuntimeList = 4, // Members of the list are determined during runtime
+    Scalar = 5,      // Values are continuous
+    Countable = 6,   // Can be stepped through
+    Paired = 7,      // Another setting is associated with this setting
+
+    Percentage = (1 << SpecializationAttributeOffset), // Should be represented as a percentage
+};
+
+class BasicSetting;
+
+class Linkage {
+public:
+    explicit Linkage(u32 initial_count = 0);
+    ~Linkage();
+    std::map<Category, std::vector<BasicSetting*>> by_category{};
+    std::vector<std::function<void()>> restore_functions{};
+    u32 count;
+};
+
+/**
+ * BasicSetting is an abstract class that only keeps track of metadata. The string methods are
+ * available to get data values out.
+ */
+class BasicSetting {
+protected:
+    explicit BasicSetting(Linkage& linkage, const std::string& name, Category category_, bool save_,
+                          bool runtime_modifiable_, u32 specialization,
+                          BasicSetting* other_setting);
+
+public:
+    virtual ~BasicSetting();
+
+    /*
+     * Data retrieval
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string representation of the internal data. If the Setting is Switchable, it
+     * respects the internal global state: it is based on GetValue().
+     *
+     * @returns A string representation of the internal data.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string ToString() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string representation of the global version of internal data. If the Setting is
+     * not Switchable, it behaves like ToString.
+     *
+     * @returns A string representation of the global version of internal data.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string ToStringGlobal() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns A string representation of the Setting's default value.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string DefaultToString() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string representation of the minimum value of the setting. If the Setting is not
+     * ranged, the string represents the default initialization of the data type.
+     *
+     * @returns A string representation of the minimum value of the setting.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string MinVal() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string representation of the maximum value of the setting. If the Setting is not
+     * ranged, the string represents the default initialization of the data type.
+     *
+     * @returns A string representation of the maximum value of the setting.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string MaxVal() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Takes a string input, converts it to the internal data type if necessary, and then runs
+     * SetValue with it.
+     *
+     * @param load String of the input data.
+     */
+    virtual void LoadString(const std::string& load) = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a string representation of the data. If the data is an enum, it returns a string of
+     * the enum value. If the internal data type is not an enum, this is equivalent to ToString.
+     *
+     * e.g. renderer_backend.Canonicalize() == "OpenGL"
+     *
+     * @returns Canonicalized string representation of the internal data
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string Canonicalize() const = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * Metadata
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @returns A unique identifier for the Setting's internal data type.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::type_index TypeId() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the Setting's internal data type is an enum.
+     *
+     * @returns True if the Setting's internal data type is an enum
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual constexpr bool IsEnum() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the current setting is Switchable.
+     *
+     * @returns If the setting is a SwitchableSetting
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual constexpr bool Switchable() const {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true to suggest that a frontend can read or write the setting to a configuration
+     * file.
+     *
+     * @returns The save preference
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] bool Save() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns true if the current setting can be changed while the guest is running.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] bool RuntimeModfiable() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns A unique number corresponding to the setting.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 Id() const {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the setting's category AKA INI group.
+     *
+     * @returns The setting's category
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] Category GetCategory() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns Extra metadata for data representation in frontend implementations.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] u32 Specialization() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns Another BasicSetting if one is paired, or nullptr otherwise.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] BasicSetting* PairedSetting() const;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the label this setting was created with.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the label
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] const std::string& GetLabel() const;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns If the Setting checks input values for valid ranges.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual constexpr bool Ranged() const = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * @returns The index of the enum if the underlying setting type is an enum, else max of u32.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual constexpr u32 EnumIndex() const = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * Switchable settings
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a setting's global state. True means use the normal setting, false to use a custom
+     * value. Has no effect if the Setting is not Switchable.
+     *
+     * @param global The desired state
+     */
+    virtual void SetGlobal(bool global);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the setting is using the normal setting value. Always true if the setting is
+     * not Switchable.
+     *
+     * @returns The Setting's global state
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool UsingGlobal() const;
+
+private:
+    const std::string label; ///< The setting's label
+    const Category category; ///< The setting's category AKA INI group
+    const u32 id;            ///< Unique integer for the setting
+    const bool save; ///< Suggests if the setting should be saved and read to a frontend config
+    const bool
+        runtime_modifiable;   ///< Suggests if the setting can be modified while a guest is running
+    const u32 specialization; ///< Extra data to identify representation of a setting
+    BasicSetting* const other_setting; ///< A paired setting
+};
+
+} // namespace Settings
diff --git a/src/common/settings_enums.h b/src/common/settings_enums.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1a29ebf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/settings_enums.h
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace Settings {
+
+template <typename T>
+struct EnumMetadata {
+    static constexpr std::vector<std::pair<std::string, T>> Canonicalizations();
+    static constexpr u32 Index();
+};
+
+#define PAIR_45(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_46(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_44(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_45(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_43(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_44(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_42(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_43(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_41(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_42(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_40(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_41(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_39(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_40(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_38(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_39(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_37(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_38(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_36(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_37(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_35(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_36(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_34(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_35(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_33(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_34(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_32(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_33(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_31(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_32(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_30(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_31(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_29(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_30(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_28(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_29(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_27(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_28(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_26(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_27(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_25(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_26(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_24(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_25(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_23(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_24(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_22(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_23(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_21(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_22(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_20(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_21(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_19(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_20(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_18(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_19(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_17(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_18(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_16(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_17(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_15(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_16(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_14(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_15(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_13(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_14(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_12(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_13(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_11(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_12(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_10(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_11(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_9(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_10(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_8(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_9(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_7(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_8(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_6(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_7(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_5(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_6(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_4(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_5(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_3(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_4(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_2(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_3(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR_1(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_2(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define PAIR(N, X, ...) {#X, N::X} __VA_OPT__(, PAIR_1(N, __VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define ENUM(NAME, ...)                                                                            \
+    enum class NAME : u32 { __VA_ARGS__ };                                                         \
+    template <>                                                                                    \
+    constexpr std::vector<std::pair<std::string, NAME>> EnumMetadata<NAME>::Canonicalizations() {  \
+        return {PAIR(NAME, __VA_ARGS__)};                                                          \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    template <>                                                                                    \
+    constexpr u32 EnumMetadata<NAME>::Index() {                                                    \
+        return __COUNTER__;                                                                        \
+    }
+
+// AudioEngine must be specified discretely due to having existing but slightly different
+// canonicalizations
+// TODO (lat9nq): Remove explicit definition of AudioEngine/sink_id
+enum class AudioEngine : u32 {
+    Auto,
+    Cubeb,
+    Sdl2,
+    Null,
+};
+
+template <>
+constexpr std::vector<std::pair<std::string, AudioEngine>>
+EnumMetadata<AudioEngine>::Canonicalizations() {
+    return {
+        {"auto", AudioEngine::Auto},
+        {"cubeb", AudioEngine::Cubeb},
+        {"sdl2", AudioEngine::Sdl2},
+        {"null", AudioEngine::Null},
+    };
+}
+
+template <>
+constexpr u32 EnumMetadata<AudioEngine>::Index() {
+    // This is just a sufficiently large number that is more than the number of other enums declared
+    // here
+    return 100;
+}
+
+ENUM(AudioMode, Mono, Stereo, Surround);
+
+ENUM(Language, Japanese, EnglishAmerican, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Chinese, Korean, Dutch,
+     Portuguese, Russian, Taiwanese, EnglishBritish, FrenchCanadian, SpanishLatin,
+     ChineseSimplified, ChineseTraditional, PortugueseBrazilian);
+
+ENUM(Region, Japan, Usa, Europe, Australia, China, Korea, Taiwan);
+
+ENUM(TimeZone, Auto, Default, Cet, Cst6Cdt, Cuba, Eet, Egypt, Eire, Est, Est5Edt, Gb, GbEire, Gmt,
+     GmtPlusZero, GmtMinusZero, GmtZero, Greenwich, Hongkong, Hst, Iceland, Iran, Israel, Jamaica,
+     Japan, Kwajalein, Libya, Met, Mst, Mst7Mdt, Navajo, Nz, NzChat, Poland, Portugal, Prc, Pst8Pdt,
+     Roc, Rok, Singapore, Turkey, Uct, Universal, Utc, WSu, Wet, Zulu);
+
+ENUM(AnisotropyMode, Automatic, Default, X2, X4, X8, X16);
+
+ENUM(AstcDecodeMode, Cpu, Gpu, CpuAsynchronous);
+
+ENUM(AstcRecompression, Uncompressed, Bc1, Bc3);
+
+ENUM(VSyncMode, Immediate, Mailbox, Fifo, FifoRelaxed);
+
+ENUM(RendererBackend, OpenGL, Vulkan, Null);
+
+ENUM(ShaderBackend, Glsl, Glasm, SpirV);
+
+ENUM(GpuAccuracy, Normal, High, Extreme);
+
+ENUM(CpuAccuracy, Auto, Accurate, Unsafe, Paranoid);
+
+ENUM(MemoryLayout, Memory_4Gb, Memory_6Gb, Memory_8Gb);
+
+ENUM(FullscreenMode, Borderless, Exclusive);
+
+ENUM(NvdecEmulation, Off, Cpu, Gpu);
+
+ENUM(ResolutionSetup, Res1_2X, Res3_4X, Res1X, Res3_2X, Res2X, Res3X, Res4X, Res5X, Res6X, Res7X,
+     Res8X);
+
+ENUM(ScalingFilter, NearestNeighbor, Bilinear, Bicubic, Gaussian, ScaleForce, Fsr, MaxEnum);
+
+ENUM(AntiAliasing, None, Fxaa, Smaa, MaxEnum);
+
+ENUM(AspectRatio, R16_9, R4_3, R21_9, R16_10, Stretch);
+
+template <typename Type>
+constexpr std::string CanonicalizeEnum(Type id) {
+    const auto group = EnumMetadata<Type>::Canonicalizations();
+    for (auto& [name, value] : group) {
+        if (value == id) {
+            return name;
+        }
+    }
+    return "unknown";
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+constexpr Type ToEnum(const std::string& canonicalization) {
+    const auto group = EnumMetadata<Type>::Canonicalizations();
+    for (auto& [name, value] : group) {
+        if (name == canonicalization) {
+            return value;
+        }
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+} // namespace Settings
+
+#undef ENUM
+#undef PAIR
+#undef PAIR_1
+#undef PAIR_2
+#undef PAIR_3
+#undef PAIR_4
+#undef PAIR_5
+#undef PAIR_6
+#undef PAIR_7
+#undef PAIR_8
+#undef PAIR_9
+#undef PAIR_10
+#undef PAIR_12
+#undef PAIR_13
+#undef PAIR_14
+#undef PAIR_15
+#undef PAIR_16
+#undef PAIR_17
+#undef PAIR_18
+#undef PAIR_19
+#undef PAIR_20
+#undef PAIR_22
+#undef PAIR_23
+#undef PAIR_24
+#undef PAIR_25
+#undef PAIR_26
+#undef PAIR_27
+#undef PAIR_28
+#undef PAIR_29
+#undef PAIR_30
+#undef PAIR_32
+#undef PAIR_33
+#undef PAIR_34
+#undef PAIR_35
+#undef PAIR_36
+#undef PAIR_37
+#undef PAIR_38
+#undef PAIR_39
+#undef PAIR_40
+#undef PAIR_42
+#undef PAIR_43
+#undef PAIR_44
+#undef PAIR_45
diff --git a/src/common/settings_setting.h b/src/common/settings_setting.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8beb06e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/settings_setting.h
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include <optional>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <typeindex>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/settings_common.h"
+#include "common/settings_enums.h"
+
+namespace Settings {
+
+/** The Setting class is a simple resource manager. It defines a label and default value
+ * alongside the actual value of the setting for simpler and less-error prone use with frontend
+ * configurations. Specifying a default value and label is required. A minimum and maximum range
+ * can be specified for sanitization.
+ */
+template <typename Type, bool ranged = false>
+class Setting : public BasicSetting {
+protected:
+    Setting() = default;
+
+public:
+    /**
+     * Sets a default value, label, and setting value.
+     *
+     * @param linkage Setting registry
+     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
+     * @param name Label for the setting
+     * @param category_ Category of the setting AKA INI group
+     * @param specialization_ Suggestion for how frontend implementations represent this in a config
+     * @param save_ Suggests that this should or should not be saved to a frontend config file
+     * @param runtime_modifiable_ Suggests whether this is modifiable while a guest is loaded
+     * @param other_setting_ A second Setting to associate to this one in metadata
+     */
+    explicit Setting(Linkage& linkage, const Type& default_val, const std::string& name,
+                     Category category_, u32 specialization_ = Specialization::Default,
+                     bool save_ = true, bool runtime_modifiable_ = false,
+                     BasicSetting* other_setting_ = nullptr)
+        requires(!ranged)
+        : BasicSetting(linkage, name, category_, save_, runtime_modifiable_, specialization_,
+                       other_setting_),
+          value{default_val}, default_value{default_val} {}
+    virtual ~Setting() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a default value, minimum value, maximum value, and label.
+     *
+     * @param linkage Setting registry
+     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
+     * @param min_val Sets the minimum allowed value of the setting
+     * @param max_val Sets the maximum allowed value of the setting
+     * @param name Label for the setting
+     * @param category_ Category of the setting AKA INI group
+     * @param specialization_ Suggestion for how frontend implementations represent this in a config
+     * @param save_ Suggests that this should or should not be saved to a frontend config file
+     * @param runtime_modifiable_ Suggests whether this is modifiable while a guest is loaded
+     * @param other_setting_ A second Setting to associate to this one in metadata
+     */
+    explicit Setting(Linkage& linkage, const Type& default_val, const Type& min_val,
+                     const Type& max_val, const std::string& name, Category category_,
+                     u32 specialization_ = Specialization::Default, bool save_ = true,
+                     bool runtime_modifiable_ = false, BasicSetting* other_setting_ = nullptr)
+        requires(ranged)
+        : BasicSetting(linkage, name, category_, save_, runtime_modifiable_, specialization_,
+                       other_setting_),
+          value{default_val}, default_value{default_val}, maximum{max_val}, minimum{min_val} {}
+
+    /**
+     *  Returns a reference to the setting's value.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the setting
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual const Type& GetValue() const {
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the setting to the given value.
+     *
+     * @param val The desired value
+     */
+    virtual void SetValue(const Type& val) {
+        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, minimum, maximum) : val};
+        std::swap(value, temp);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the value that this setting was created with.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the default value
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] const Type& GetDefault() const {
+        return default_value;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool IsEnum() const override {
+        return std::is_enum_v<Type>;
+    }
+
+protected:
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string ToString(const Type& value_) const {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, std::string>) {
+            return value_;
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, std::optional<u32>>) {
+            return value_.has_value() ? std::to_string(*value_) : "none";
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, bool>) {
+            return value_ ? "true" : "false";
+        } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, AudioEngine>) {
+            // Compatibility with old AudioEngine setting being a string
+            return CanonicalizeEnum(value_);
+        } else {
+            return std::to_string(static_cast<u64>(value_));
+        }
+    }
+
+public:
+    /**
+     * Converts the value of the setting to a std::string. Respects the global state if the setting
+     * has one.
+     *
+     * @returns The current setting as a std::string
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string ToString() const override {
+        return ToString(this->GetValue());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the default value of the setting as a std::string.
+     *
+     * @returns The default value as a string.
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string DefaultToString() const override {
+        return ToString(default_value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns a value to the setting.
+     *
+     * @param val The desired setting value
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the setting
+     */
+    virtual const Type& operator=(const Type& val) {
+        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, minimum, maximum) : val};
+        std::swap(value, temp);
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a reference to the setting.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the setting
+     */
+    explicit virtual operator const Type&() const {
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts the given value to the Setting's type of value. Uses SetValue to enter the setting,
+     * thus respecting its constraints.
+     *
+     * @param input The desired value
+     */
+    void LoadString(const std::string& input) override final {
+        if (input.empty()) {
+            this->SetValue(this->GetDefault());
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, std::string>) {
+                this->SetValue(input);
+            } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, std::optional<u32>>) {
+                this->SetValue(static_cast<u32>(std::stoul(input)));
+            } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, bool>) {
+                this->SetValue(input == "true");
+            } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, AudioEngine>) {
+                this->SetValue(ToEnum<Type>(input));
+            } else {
+                this->SetValue(static_cast<Type>(std::stoll(input)));
+            }
+        } catch (std::invalid_argument&) {
+            this->SetValue(this->GetDefault());
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string constexpr Canonicalize() const override final {
+        if constexpr (std::is_enum_v<Type>) {
+            return CanonicalizeEnum(this->GetValue());
+        } else {
+            return ToString(this->GetValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gives us another way to identify the setting without having to go through a string.
+     *
+     * @returns the type_index of the setting's type
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] std::type_index TypeId() const override final {
+        return std::type_index(typeid(Type));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 EnumIndex() const override final {
+        if constexpr (std::is_enum_v<Type>) {
+            return EnumMetadata<Type>::Index();
+        } else {
+            return std::numeric_limits<u32>::max();
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string MinVal() const override final {
+        return this->ToString(minimum);
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string MaxVal() const override final {
+        return this->ToString(maximum);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool Ranged() const override {
+        return ranged;
+    }
+
+protected:
+    Type value{};               ///< The setting
+    const Type default_value{}; ///< The default value
+    const Type maximum{};       ///< Maximum allowed value of the setting
+    const Type minimum{};       ///< Minimum allowed value of the setting
+};
+
+/**
+ * The SwitchableSetting class is a slightly more complex version of the Setting class. This adds a
+ * custom setting to switch to when a guest application specifically requires it. The effect is that
+ * other components of the emulator can access the setting's intended value without any need for the
+ * component to ask whether the custom or global setting is needed at the moment.
+ *
+ * By default, the global setting is used.
+ */
+template <typename Type, bool ranged = false>
+class SwitchableSetting : virtual public Setting<Type, ranged> {
+public:
+    /**
+     * Sets a default value, label, and setting value.
+     *
+     * @param linkage Setting registry
+     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
+     * @param name Label for the setting
+     * @param category_ Category of the setting AKA INI group
+     * @param specialization_ Suggestion for how frontend implementations represent this in a config
+     * @param save_ Suggests that this should or should not be saved to a frontend config file
+     * @param runtime_modifiable_ Suggests whether this is modifiable while a guest is loaded
+     * @param other_setting_ A second Setting to associate to this one in metadata
+     */
+    explicit SwitchableSetting(Linkage& linkage, const Type& default_val, const std::string& name,
+                               Category category_, u32 specialization_ = Specialization::Default,
+                               bool save_ = true, bool runtime_modifiable_ = false,
+                               BasicSetting* other_setting_ = nullptr)
+        requires(!ranged)
+        : Setting<Type, false>{
+              linkage, default_val,         name,          category_, specialization_,
+              save_,   runtime_modifiable_, other_setting_} {
+        linkage.restore_functions.emplace_back([this]() { this->SetGlobal(true); });
+    }
+    virtual ~SwitchableSetting() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a default value, minimum value, maximum value, and label.
+     *
+     * @param linkage Setting registry
+     * @param default_val Initial value of the setting, and default value of the setting
+     * @param min_val Sets the minimum allowed value of the setting
+     * @param max_val Sets the maximum allowed value of the setting
+     * @param name Label for the setting
+     * @param category_ Category of the setting AKA INI group
+     * @param specialization_ Suggestion for how frontend implementations represent this in a config
+     * @param save_ Suggests that this should or should not be saved to a frontend config file
+     * @param runtime_modifiable_ Suggests whether this is modifiable while a guest is loaded
+     * @param other_setting_ A second Setting to associate to this one in metadata
+     */
+    explicit SwitchableSetting(Linkage& linkage, const Type& default_val, const Type& min_val,
+                               const Type& max_val, const std::string& name, Category category_,
+                               u32 specialization_ = Specialization::Default, bool save_ = true,
+                               bool runtime_modifiable_ = false,
+                               BasicSetting* other_setting_ = nullptr)
+        requires(ranged)
+        : Setting<Type, true>{linkage,         default_val, min_val,
+                              max_val,         name,        category_,
+                              specialization_, save_,       runtime_modifiable_,
+                              other_setting_} {
+        linkage.restore_functions.emplace_back([this]() { this->SetGlobal(true); });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tells this setting to represent either the global or custom setting when other member
+     * functions are used.
+     *
+     * @param to_global Whether to use the global or custom setting.
+     */
+    void SetGlobal(bool to_global) override final {
+        use_global = to_global;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether this setting is using the global setting or not.
+     *
+     * @returns The global state
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] bool UsingGlobal() const override final {
+        return use_global;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns either the global or custom setting depending on the values of this setting's global
+     * state or if the global value was specifically requested.
+     *
+     * @param need_global Request global value regardless of setting's state; defaults to false
+     *
+     * @returns The required value of the setting
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] const Type& GetValue() const override final {
+        if (use_global) {
+            return this->value;
+        }
+        return custom;
+    }
+    [[nodiscard]] const Type& GetValue(bool need_global) const {
+        if (use_global || need_global) {
+            return this->value;
+        }
+        return custom;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the current setting value depending on the global state.
+     *
+     * @param val The new value
+     */
+    void SetValue(const Type& val) override final {
+        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, this->minimum, this->maximum) : val};
+        if (use_global) {
+            std::swap(this->value, temp);
+        } else {
+            std::swap(custom, temp);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool Switchable() const override final {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string ToStringGlobal() const override final {
+        return this->ToString(this->value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assigns the current setting value depending on the global state.
+     *
+     * @param val The new value
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the current setting value
+     */
+    const Type& operator=(const Type& val) override final {
+        Type temp{ranged ? std::clamp(val, this->minimum, this->maximum) : val};
+        if (use_global) {
+            std::swap(this->value, temp);
+            return this->value;
+        }
+        std::swap(custom, temp);
+        return custom;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current setting value depending on the global state.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the current setting value
+     */
+    explicit operator const Type&() const override final {
+        if (use_global) {
+            return this->value;
+        }
+        return custom;
+    }
+
+protected:
+    bool use_global{true}; ///< The setting's global state
+    Type custom{};         ///< The custom value of the setting
+};
+
+} // namespace Settings