7 files changed, 70 insertions, 86 deletions

diff --git a/src/common/atomic_ops.cpp b/src/common/atomic_ops.cpp
index 1098e21ff..1612d0e67 100644
--- a/src/common/atomic_ops.cpp
+++ b/src/common/atomic_ops.cpp
@@ -14,50 +14,55 @@ namespace Common {
 
 #if _MSC_VER
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u8 volatile* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
-    u8 result = _InterlockedCompareExchange8((char*)pointer, value, expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
+    const u8 result =
+        _InterlockedCompareExchange8(reinterpret_cast<volatile char*>(pointer), value, expected);
     return result == expected;
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u16 volatile* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
-    u16 result = _InterlockedCompareExchange16((short*)pointer, value, expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
+    const u16 result =
+        _InterlockedCompareExchange16(reinterpret_cast<volatile short*>(pointer), value, expected);
     return result == expected;
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u32 volatile* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
-    u32 result = _InterlockedCompareExchange((long*)pointer, value, expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
+    const u32 result =
+        _InterlockedCompareExchange(reinterpret_cast<volatile long*>(pointer), value, expected);
     return result == expected;
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64 volatile* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
-    u64 result = _InterlockedCompareExchange64((__int64*)pointer, value, expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
+    const u64 result = _InterlockedCompareExchange64(reinterpret_cast<volatile __int64*>(pointer),
+                                                     value, expected);
     return result == expected;
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64 volatile* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
-    return _InterlockedCompareExchange128((__int64*)pointer, value[1], value[0],
-                                          (__int64*)expected.data()) != 0;
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
+    return _InterlockedCompareExchange128(reinterpret_cast<volatile __int64*>(pointer), value[1],
+                                          value[0],
+                                          reinterpret_cast<__int64*>(expected.data())) != 0;
 }
 
 #else
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u8 volatile* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected) {
     return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u16 volatile* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected) {
     return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u32 volatile* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected) {
     return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64 volatile* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected) {
     return __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(pointer, expected, value);
 }
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64 volatile* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected) {
     unsigned __int128 value_a;
     unsigned __int128 expected_a;
     std::memcpy(&value_a, value.data(), sizeof(u128));
diff --git a/src/common/atomic_ops.h b/src/common/atomic_ops.h
index e6181d521..8d6b73c00 100644
--- a/src/common/atomic_ops.h
+++ b/src/common/atomic_ops.h
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 
 namespace Common {
 
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u8 volatile* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected);
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u16 volatile* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected);
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u32 volatile* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected);
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64 volatile* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected);
-bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(u64 volatile* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u8* pointer, u8 value, u8 expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u16* pointer, u16 value, u16 expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u32* pointer, u32 value, u32 expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u64 value, u64 expected);
+bool AtomicCompareAndSwap(volatile u64* pointer, u128 value, u128 expected);
 
 } // namespace Common
diff --git a/src/common/concepts.h b/src/common/concepts.h
index db5fb373d..54252e778 100644
--- a/src/common/concepts.h
+++ b/src/common/concepts.h
@@ -23,10 +23,12 @@ concept IsSTLContainer = requires(T t) {
     t.size();
 };
 
-// Check if type T is derived from T2
-template <typename T, typename T2>
-concept IsBaseOf = requires {
-    std::is_base_of_v<T, T2>;
+// TODO: Replace with std::derived_from when the <concepts> header
+//       is available on all supported platforms.
+template <typename Derived, typename Base>
+concept DerivedFrom = requires {
+    std::is_base_of_v<Base, Derived>;
+    std::is_convertible_v<const volatile Derived*, const volatile Base*>;
 };
 
 } // namespace Common
diff --git a/src/common/hex_util.cpp b/src/common/hex_util.cpp
index c2f6cf0f6..74f52dd11 100644
--- a/src/common/hex_util.cpp
+++ b/src/common/hex_util.cpp
@@ -3,21 +3,9 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include "common/hex_util.h"
-#include "common/logging/log.h"
 
 namespace Common {
 
-u8 ToHexNibble(char c1) {
-    if (c1 >= 65 && c1 <= 70)
-        return c1 - 55;
-    if (c1 >= 97 && c1 <= 102)
-        return c1 - 87;
-    if (c1 >= 48 && c1 <= 57)
-        return c1 - 48;
-    LOG_ERROR(Common, "Invalid hex digit: 0x{:02X}", c1);
-    return 0;
-}
-
 std::vector<u8> HexStringToVector(std::string_view str, bool little_endian) {
     std::vector<u8> out(str.size() / 2);
     if (little_endian) {
@@ -30,26 +18,4 @@ std::vector<u8> HexStringToVector(std::string_view str, bool little_endian) {
     return out;
 }
 
-std::array<u8, 16> operator""_array16(const char* str, std::size_t len) {
-    if (len != 32) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Common,
-                  "Attempting to parse string to array that is not of correct size (expected=32, "
-                  "actual={}).",
-                  len);
-        return {};
-    }
-    return HexStringToArray<16>(str);
-}
-
-std::array<u8, 32> operator""_array32(const char* str, std::size_t len) {
-    if (len != 64) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Common,
-                  "Attempting to parse string to array that is not of correct size (expected=64, "
-                  "actual={}).",
-                  len);
-        return {};
-    }
-    return HexStringToArray<32>(str);
-}
-
 } // namespace Common
diff --git a/src/common/hex_util.h b/src/common/hex_util.h
index bb4736f96..a0a0e78a4 100644
--- a/src/common/hex_util.h
+++ b/src/common/hex_util.h
@@ -14,19 +14,31 @@
 
 namespace Common {
 
-u8 ToHexNibble(char c1);
+constexpr u8 ToHexNibble(char c) {
+    if (c >= 65 && c <= 70) {
+        return c - 55;
+    }
+
+    if (c >= 97 && c <= 102) {
+        return c - 87;
+    }
+
+    return c - 48;
+}
 
 std::vector<u8> HexStringToVector(std::string_view str, bool little_endian);
 
 template <std::size_t Size, bool le = false>
-std::array<u8, Size> HexStringToArray(std::string_view str) {
+constexpr std::array<u8, Size> HexStringToArray(std::string_view str) {
     std::array<u8, Size> out{};
     if constexpr (le) {
-        for (std::size_t i = 2 * Size - 2; i <= 2 * Size; i -= 2)
+        for (std::size_t i = 2 * Size - 2; i <= 2 * Size; i -= 2) {
             out[i / 2] = (ToHexNibble(str[i]) << 4) | ToHexNibble(str[i + 1]);
+        }
     } else {
-        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 2 * Size; i += 2)
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 2 * Size; i += 2) {
             out[i / 2] = (ToHexNibble(str[i]) << 4) | ToHexNibble(str[i + 1]);
+        }
     }
     return out;
 }
@@ -48,7 +60,12 @@ std::string HexToString(const ContiguousContainer& data, bool upper = true) {
     return out;
 }
 
-std::array<u8, 0x10> operator"" _array16(const char* str, std::size_t len);
-std::array<u8, 0x20> operator"" _array32(const char* str, std::size_t len);
+constexpr std::array<u8, 16> AsArray(const char (&data)[17]) {
+    return HexStringToArray<16>(data);
+}
+
+constexpr std::array<u8, 32> AsArray(const char (&data)[65]) {
+    return HexStringToArray<32>(data);
+}
 
 } // namespace Common
diff --git a/src/common/logging/backend.cpp b/src/common/logging/backend.cpp
index 04bc3128f..62cfde397 100644
--- a/src/common/logging/backend.cpp
+++ b/src/common/logging/backend.cpp
@@ -113,19 +113,19 @@ private:
     Entry CreateEntry(Class log_class, Level log_level, const char* filename, unsigned int line_nr,
                       const char* function, std::string message) const {
         using std::chrono::duration_cast;
+        using std::chrono::microseconds;
         using std::chrono::steady_clock;
 
-        Entry entry;
-        entry.timestamp =
-            duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(steady_clock::now() - time_origin);
-        entry.log_class = log_class;
-        entry.log_level = log_level;
-        entry.filename = filename;
-        entry.line_num = line_nr;
-        entry.function = function;
-        entry.message = std::move(message);
-
-        return entry;
+        return {
+            .timestamp = duration_cast<microseconds>(steady_clock::now() - time_origin),
+            .log_class = log_class,
+            .log_level = log_level,
+            .filename = filename,
+            .line_num = line_nr,
+            .function = function,
+            .message = std::move(message),
+            .final_entry = false,
+        };
     }
 
     std::mutex writing_mutex;
diff --git a/src/common/logging/backend.h b/src/common/logging/backend.h
index fc338c70d..e5d702568 100644
--- a/src/common/logging/backend.h
+++ b/src/common/logging/backend.h
@@ -21,19 +21,13 @@ class Filter;
  */
 struct Entry {
     std::chrono::microseconds timestamp;
-    Class log_class;
-    Level log_level;
-    const char* filename;
-    unsigned int line_num;
+    Class log_class{};
+    Level log_level{};
+    const char* filename = nullptr;
+    unsigned int line_num = 0;
     std::string function;
     std::string message;
     bool final_entry = false;
-
-    Entry() = default;
-    Entry(Entry&& o) = default;
-
-    Entry& operator=(Entry&& o) = default;
-    Entry& operator=(const Entry& o) = default;
 };
 
 /**