30 files changed, 208 insertions, 269 deletions

diff --git a/externals/CMakeLists.txt b/externals/CMakeLists.txt
index 61ad3487a..d4421f697 100644
--- a/externals/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/externals/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -3,13 +3,27 @@
 set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/CMakeModules)
 include(DownloadExternals)
 
+# pkgconfig -- it is used to find shared libraries without cmake modules on linux systems
+find_package(PkgConfig)
+if (NOT PkgConfig_FOUND)
+    function(pkg_check_modules)
+        # STUB
+    endfunction()
+endif()
+
 # Catch
 add_library(catch-single-include INTERFACE)
 target_include_directories(catch-single-include INTERFACE catch/single_include)
 
 # libfmt
-add_subdirectory(fmt)
-add_library(fmt::fmt ALIAS fmt)
+pkg_check_modules(FMT IMPORTED_TARGET GLOBAL fmt>=6.1.0)
+if (FMT_FOUND)
+    add_library(fmt::fmt ALIAS PkgConfig::FMT)
+else()
+    message(STATUS "fmt 6.1.0 or newer not found, falling back to externals")
+    add_subdirectory(fmt)
+    add_library(fmt::fmt ALIAS fmt)
+endif()
 
 # Dynarmic
 if (ARCHITECTURE_x86_64)
@@ -30,9 +44,15 @@ add_subdirectory(glad)
 add_subdirectory(inih)
 
 # lz4
-set(LZ4_BUNDLED_MODE ON)
-add_subdirectory(lz4/contrib/cmake_unofficial EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
-target_include_directories(lz4_static INTERFACE ./lz4/lib)
+pkg_check_modules(LIBLZ4 IMPORTED_TARGET GLOBAL liblz4>=1.8.0)
+if (LIBLZ4_FOUND)
+    add_library(lz4_static ALIAS PkgConfig::LIBLZ4)
+else()
+    message(STATUS "liblz4 1.8.0 or newer not found, falling back to externals")
+    set(LZ4_BUNDLED_MODE ON)
+    add_subdirectory(lz4/contrib/cmake_unofficial EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+    target_include_directories(lz4_static INTERFACE ./lz4/lib)
+endif()
 
 # mbedtls
 add_subdirectory(mbedtls EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
@@ -47,15 +67,27 @@ add_library(unicorn-headers INTERFACE)
 target_include_directories(unicorn-headers INTERFACE ./unicorn/include)
 
 # Zstandard
-add_subdirectory(zstd/build/cmake EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
-target_include_directories(libzstd_static INTERFACE ./zstd/lib)
+pkg_check_modules(LIBZSTD IMPORTED_TARGET GLOBAL libzstd>=1.3.8)
+if (LIBZSTD_FOUND)
+    add_library(libzstd_static ALIAS PkgConfig::LIBZSTD)
+else()
+    message(STATUS "libzstd 1.3.8 or newer not found, falling back to externals")
+    add_subdirectory(zstd/build/cmake EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+    target_include_directories(libzstd_static INTERFACE ./zstd/lib)
+endif()
 
 # SoundTouch
 add_subdirectory(soundtouch)
 
 # Opus
-add_subdirectory(opus)
-target_include_directories(opus INTERFACE ./opus/include)
+pkg_check_modules(OPUS IMPORTED_TARGET GLOBAL opus>=1.3.1)
+if (OPUS_FOUND)
+    add_library(opus ALIAS PkgConfig::OPUS)
+else()
+    message(STATUS "opus 1.3.1 or newer not found, falling back to externals")
+    add_subdirectory(opus)
+    target_include_directories(opus INTERFACE ./opus/include)
+endif()
 
 # Cubeb
 if(ENABLE_CUBEB)
@@ -75,18 +107,35 @@ if (ENABLE_VULKAN)
 endif()
 
 # zlib
-add_subdirectory(zlib EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
-set(ZLIB_LIBRARIES z)
+find_package(ZLIB 1.2.11)
+if (NOT ZLIB_FOUND)
+    message(STATUS "zlib 1.2.11 or newer not found, falling back to externals")
+    add_subdirectory(zlib EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+    set(ZLIB_LIBRARIES z)
+endif()
 
 # libzip
-add_subdirectory(libzip EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+pkg_check_modules(LIBZIP IMPORTED_TARGET GLOBAL libzip>=1.5.3)
+if (LIBZIP_FOUND)
+    add_library(zip ALIAS PkgConfig::LIBZIP)
+else()
+    message(STATUS "libzip 1.5.3 or newer not found, falling back to externals")
+    add_subdirectory(libzip EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+endif()
 
 if (ENABLE_WEB_SERVICE)
     # LibreSSL
-    set(LIBRESSL_SKIP_INSTALL ON CACHE BOOL "")
-    add_subdirectory(libressl EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
-    target_include_directories(ssl INTERFACE ./libressl/include)
-        target_compile_definitions(ssl PRIVATE -DHAVE_INET_NTOP)
+    find_package(OpenSSL COMPONENTS Crypto SSL)
+    if (NOT OpenSSL_FOUND)
+        message(STATUS "OpenSSL not found, falling back to externals")
+        set(LIBRESSL_SKIP_INSTALL ON CACHE BOOL "")
+        add_subdirectory(libressl EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+        target_include_directories(ssl INTERFACE ./libressl/include)
+        target_compile_definitions(ssl PRIVATE -DHAVE_INET_NTOP)
+        get_directory_property(OPENSSL_LIBRARIES
+            DIRECTORY libressl
+            DEFINITION OPENSSL_LIBS)
+    endif()
 
     # lurlparser
     add_subdirectory(lurlparser EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
@@ -94,6 +143,8 @@ if (ENABLE_WEB_SERVICE)
     # httplib
     add_library(httplib INTERFACE)
     target_include_directories(httplib INTERFACE ./httplib)
+    target_compile_definitions(httplib INTERFACE -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT)
+    target_link_libraries(httplib INTERFACE ${OPENSSL_LIBRARIES})
 
     # JSON
     add_library(json-headers INTERFACE)
diff --git a/src/core/CMakeLists.txt b/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
index 66497a386..c15d9f52f 100644
--- a/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -591,11 +591,8 @@ target_link_libraries(core PUBLIC common PRIVATE audio_core video_core)
 target_link_libraries(core PUBLIC Boost::boost PRIVATE fmt json-headers mbedtls opus unicorn)
 
 if (YUZU_ENABLE_BOXCAT)
-    get_directory_property(OPENSSL_LIBS
-        DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/externals/libressl
-        DEFINITION OPENSSL_LIBS)
-    target_compile_definitions(core PRIVATE -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT -DYUZU_ENABLE_BOXCAT)
-    target_link_libraries(core PRIVATE httplib json-headers ${OPENSSL_LIBS} zip)
+    target_compile_definitions(core PRIVATE -DYUZU_ENABLE_BOXCAT)
+    target_link_libraries(core PRIVATE httplib json-headers zip)
 endif()
 
 if (ENABLE_WEB_SERVICE)
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/time/interface.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/time/interface.cpp
index f509653a3..ba8fd6152 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/time/interface.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/time/interface.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Time::Time(std::shared_ptr<Module> module, Core::System& system, const char* nam
         {300, &Time::CalculateMonotonicSystemClockBaseTimePoint, "CalculateMonotonicSystemClockBaseTimePoint"},
         {400, &Time::GetClockSnapshot, "GetClockSnapshot"},
         {401, &Time::GetClockSnapshotFromSystemClockContext, "GetClockSnapshotFromSystemClockContext"},
-        {500, nullptr, "CalculateStandardUserSystemClockDifferenceByUser"},
+        {500, &Time::CalculateStandardUserSystemClockDifferenceByUser, "CalculateStandardUserSystemClockDifferenceByUser"},
         {501, &Time::CalculateSpanBetween, "CalculateSpanBetween"},
     };
     // clang-format on
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/time/time.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/time/time.cpp
index ce859f18d..e722886de 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/time/time.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/time/time.cpp
@@ -308,6 +308,29 @@ void Module::Interface::GetClockSnapshotFromSystemClockContext(Kernel::HLEReques
     ctx.WriteBuffer(&clock_snapshot, sizeof(Clock::ClockSnapshot));
 }
 
+void Module::Interface::CalculateStandardUserSystemClockDifferenceByUser(
+    Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_Time, "called");
+
+    IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+    const auto snapshot_a = rp.PopRaw<Clock::ClockSnapshot>();
+    const auto snapshot_b = rp.PopRaw<Clock::ClockSnapshot>();
+
+    auto time_span_type{Clock::TimeSpanType::FromSeconds(snapshot_b.user_context.offset -
+                                                         snapshot_a.user_context.offset)};
+
+    if ((snapshot_b.user_context.steady_time_point.clock_source_id !=
+         snapshot_a.user_context.steady_time_point.clock_source_id) ||
+        (snapshot_b.is_automatic_correction_enabled &&
+         snapshot_a.is_automatic_correction_enabled)) {
+        time_span_type.nanoseconds = 0;
+    }
+
+    IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, (sizeof(s64) / 4) + 2};
+    rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+    rb.PushRaw(time_span_type.nanoseconds);
+}
+
 void Module::Interface::CalculateSpanBetween(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_Time, "called");
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/time/time.h b/src/core/hle/service/time/time.h
index 351988468..41f3002e9 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/time/time.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/time/time.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ public:
         void CalculateMonotonicSystemClockBaseTimePoint(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
         void GetClockSnapshot(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
         void GetClockSnapshotFromSystemClockContext(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+        void CalculateStandardUserSystemClockDifferenceByUser(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
         void CalculateSpanBetween(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
         void GetSharedMemoryNativeHandle(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
 
diff --git a/src/input_common/CMakeLists.txt b/src/input_common/CMakeLists.txt
index 2520ba321..a9c2392b1 100644
--- a/src/input_common/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/input_common/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ if(SDL2_FOUND)
 endif()
 
 create_target_directory_groups(input_common)
-target_link_libraries(input_common PUBLIC core PRIVATE common ${Boost_LIBRARIES})
+target_link_libraries(input_common PUBLIC core PRIVATE common Boost::boost)
diff --git a/src/video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h b/src/video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h
index b57c0d4d4..83e7a1cde 100644
--- a/src/video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ namespace VideoCommon {
 
 using MapInterval = std::shared_ptr<MapIntervalBase>;
 
-template <typename TBuffer, typename TBufferType, typename StreamBuffer>
+template <typename OwnerBuffer, typename BufferType, typename StreamBuffer>
 class BufferCache {
 public:
-    using BufferInfo = std::pair<const TBufferType*, u64>;
+    using BufferInfo = std::pair<BufferType, u64>;
 
     BufferInfo UploadMemory(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, std::size_t size, std::size_t alignment = 4,
                             bool is_written = false, bool use_fast_cbuf = false) {
@@ -89,9 +89,7 @@ public:
             }
         }
 
-        const u64 offset = static_cast<u64>(block->GetOffset(cpu_addr));
-
-        return {ToHandle(block), offset};
+        return {ToHandle(block), static_cast<u64>(block->GetOffset(cpu_addr))};
     }
 
     /// Uploads from a host memory. Returns the OpenGL buffer where it's located and its offset.
@@ -156,7 +154,7 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    virtual const TBufferType* GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) = 0;
+    virtual BufferType GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) = 0;
 
 protected:
     explicit BufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
@@ -166,19 +164,19 @@ protected:
 
     ~BufferCache() = default;
 
-    virtual const TBufferType* ToHandle(const TBuffer& storage) = 0;
+    virtual BufferType ToHandle(const OwnerBuffer& storage) = 0;
 
     virtual void WriteBarrier() = 0;
 
-    virtual TBuffer CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) = 0;
+    virtual OwnerBuffer CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) = 0;
 
-    virtual void UploadBlockData(const TBuffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
+    virtual void UploadBlockData(const OwnerBuffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
                                  const u8* data) = 0;
 
-    virtual void DownloadBlockData(const TBuffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
+    virtual void DownloadBlockData(const OwnerBuffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
                                    u8* data) = 0;
 
-    virtual void CopyBlock(const TBuffer& src, const TBuffer& dst, std::size_t src_offset,
+    virtual void CopyBlock(const OwnerBuffer& src, const OwnerBuffer& dst, std::size_t src_offset,
                            std::size_t dst_offset, std::size_t size) = 0;
 
     virtual BufferInfo ConstBufferUpload(const void* raw_pointer, std::size_t size) {
@@ -221,9 +219,8 @@ private:
         return std::make_shared<MapIntervalBase>(start, end, gpu_addr);
     }
 
-    MapInterval MapAddress(const TBuffer& block, const GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const VAddr cpu_addr,
+    MapInterval MapAddress(const OwnerBuffer& block, const GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const VAddr cpu_addr,
                            const std::size_t size) {
-
         std::vector<MapInterval> overlaps = GetMapsInRange(cpu_addr, size);
         if (overlaps.empty()) {
             auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
@@ -272,7 +269,7 @@ private:
         return new_map;
     }
 
-    void UpdateBlock(const TBuffer& block, VAddr start, VAddr end,
+    void UpdateBlock(const OwnerBuffer& block, VAddr start, VAddr end,
                      std::vector<MapInterval>& overlaps) {
         const IntervalType base_interval{start, end};
         IntervalSet interval_set{};
@@ -313,7 +310,7 @@ private:
 
     void FlushMap(MapInterval map) {
         std::size_t size = map->GetEnd() - map->GetStart();
-        TBuffer block = blocks[map->GetStart() >> block_page_bits];
+        OwnerBuffer block = blocks[map->GetStart() >> block_page_bits];
         staging_buffer.resize(size);
         DownloadBlockData(block, block->GetOffset(map->GetStart()), size, staging_buffer.data());
         system.Memory().WriteBlockUnsafe(map->GetStart(), staging_buffer.data(), size);
@@ -328,7 +325,7 @@ private:
 
         buffer_ptr += size;
         buffer_offset += size;
-        return {&stream_buffer_handle, uploaded_offset};
+        return {stream_buffer_handle, uploaded_offset};
     }
 
     void AlignBuffer(std::size_t alignment) {
@@ -338,11 +335,11 @@ private:
         buffer_offset = offset_aligned;
     }
 
-    TBuffer EnlargeBlock(TBuffer buffer) {
+    OwnerBuffer EnlargeBlock(OwnerBuffer buffer) {
         const std::size_t old_size = buffer->GetSize();
         const std::size_t new_size = old_size + block_page_size;
         const VAddr cpu_addr = buffer->GetCpuAddr();
-        TBuffer new_buffer = CreateBlock(cpu_addr, new_size);
+        OwnerBuffer new_buffer = CreateBlock(cpu_addr, new_size);
         CopyBlock(buffer, new_buffer, 0, 0, old_size);
         buffer->SetEpoch(epoch);
         pending_destruction.push_back(buffer);
@@ -356,14 +353,14 @@ private:
         return new_buffer;
     }
 
-    TBuffer MergeBlocks(TBuffer first, TBuffer second) {
+    OwnerBuffer MergeBlocks(OwnerBuffer first, OwnerBuffer second) {
         const std::size_t size_1 = first->GetSize();
         const std::size_t size_2 = second->GetSize();
         const VAddr first_addr = first->GetCpuAddr();
         const VAddr second_addr = second->GetCpuAddr();
         const VAddr new_addr = std::min(first_addr, second_addr);
         const std::size_t new_size = size_1 + size_2;
-        TBuffer new_buffer = CreateBlock(new_addr, new_size);
+        OwnerBuffer new_buffer = CreateBlock(new_addr, new_size);
         CopyBlock(first, new_buffer, 0, new_buffer->GetOffset(first_addr), size_1);
         CopyBlock(second, new_buffer, 0, new_buffer->GetOffset(second_addr), size_2);
         first->SetEpoch(epoch);
@@ -380,8 +377,8 @@ private:
         return new_buffer;
     }
 
-    TBuffer GetBlock(const VAddr cpu_addr, const std::size_t size) {
-        TBuffer found{};
+    OwnerBuffer GetBlock(const VAddr cpu_addr, const std::size_t size) {
+        OwnerBuffer found;
         const VAddr cpu_addr_end = cpu_addr + size - 1;
         u64 page_start = cpu_addr >> block_page_bits;
         const u64 page_end = cpu_addr_end >> block_page_bits;
@@ -457,7 +454,7 @@ private:
     Core::System& system;
 
     std::unique_ptr<StreamBuffer> stream_buffer;
-    TBufferType stream_buffer_handle{};
+    BufferType stream_buffer_handle{};
 
     bool invalidated = false;
 
@@ -475,9 +472,9 @@ private:
 
     static constexpr u64 block_page_bits = 21;
     static constexpr u64 block_page_size = 1ULL << block_page_bits;
-    std::unordered_map<u64, TBuffer> blocks;
+    std::unordered_map<u64, OwnerBuffer> blocks;
 
-    std::list<TBuffer> pending_destruction;
+    std::list<OwnerBuffer> pending_destruction;
     u64 epoch = 0;
     u64 modified_ticks = 0;
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.cpp
index 4eb37a96c..cb5792407 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.cpp
@@ -55,33 +55,31 @@ void OGLBufferCache::WriteBarrier() {
     glMemoryBarrier(GL_ALL_BARRIER_BITS);
 }
 
-const GLuint* OGLBufferCache::ToHandle(const Buffer& buffer) {
+GLuint OGLBufferCache::ToHandle(const Buffer& buffer) {
     return buffer->GetHandle();
 }
 
-const GLuint* OGLBufferCache::GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t) {
-    static const GLuint null_buffer = 0;
-    return &null_buffer;
+GLuint OGLBufferCache::GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t) {
+    return 0;
 }
 
 void OGLBufferCache::UploadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
                                      const u8* data) {
-    glNamedBufferSubData(*buffer->GetHandle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(offset),
+    glNamedBufferSubData(buffer->GetHandle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(offset),
                          static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size), data);
 }
 
 void OGLBufferCache::DownloadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
                                        u8* data) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Buffer_Download);
-    glGetNamedBufferSubData(*buffer->GetHandle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(offset),
+    glGetNamedBufferSubData(buffer->GetHandle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(offset),
                             static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size), data);
 }
 
 void OGLBufferCache::CopyBlock(const Buffer& src, const Buffer& dst, std::size_t src_offset,
                                std::size_t dst_offset, std::size_t size) {
-    glCopyNamedBufferSubData(*src->GetHandle(), *dst->GetHandle(),
-                             static_cast<GLintptr>(src_offset), static_cast<GLintptr>(dst_offset),
-                             static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+    glCopyNamedBufferSubData(src->GetHandle(), dst->GetHandle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(src_offset),
+                             static_cast<GLintptr>(dst_offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
 }
 
 OGLBufferCache::BufferInfo OGLBufferCache::ConstBufferUpload(const void* raw_pointer,
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ OGLBufferCache::BufferInfo OGLBufferCache::ConstBufferUpload(const void* raw_poi
     DEBUG_ASSERT(cbuf_cursor < std::size(cbufs));
     const GLuint& cbuf = cbufs[cbuf_cursor++];
     glNamedBufferSubData(cbuf, 0, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size), raw_pointer);
-    return {&cbuf, 0};
+    return {cbuf, 0};
 }
 
 } // namespace OpenGL
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h
index d94a11252..a74817857 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ public:
     explicit CachedBufferBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, const std::size_t size);
     ~CachedBufferBlock();
 
-    const GLuint* GetHandle() const {
-        return &gl_buffer.handle;
+    GLuint GetHandle() const {
+        return gl_buffer.handle;
     }
 
 private:
-    OGLBuffer gl_buffer{};
+    OGLBuffer gl_buffer;
 };
 
 class OGLBufferCache final : public GenericBufferCache {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public:
                             const Device& device, std::size_t stream_size);
     ~OGLBufferCache();
 
-    const GLuint* GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t) override;
+    GLuint GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t) override;
 
     void Acquire() noexcept {
         cbuf_cursor = 0;
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ public:
 protected:
     Buffer CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) override;
 
-    void WriteBarrier() override;
+    GLuint ToHandle(const Buffer& buffer) override;
 
-    const GLuint* ToHandle(const Buffer& buffer) override;
+    void WriteBarrier() override;
 
     void UploadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
                          const u8* data) override;
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.cpp
index c286502ba..d83dca25a 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ u32 Extract(u32& base, u32& num, u32 amount, std::optional<GLenum> limit = {}) {
 std::array<Device::BaseBindings, Tegra::Engines::MaxShaderTypes> BuildBaseBindings() noexcept {
     std::array<Device::BaseBindings, Tegra::Engines::MaxShaderTypes> bindings;
 
-    static std::array<std::size_t, 5> stage_swizzle = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
+    static constexpr std::array<std::size_t, 5> stage_swizzle{0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
     const u32 total_ubos = GetInteger<u32>(GL_MAX_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BINDINGS);
     const u32 total_ssbos = GetInteger<u32>(GL_MAX_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER_BINDINGS);
     const u32 total_samplers = GetInteger<u32>(GL_MAX_COMBINED_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS);
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
index f4598fbf7..175374f0d 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
@@ -188,10 +188,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexBuffer() {
         ASSERT(end > start);
         const u64 size = end - start + 1;
         const auto [vertex_buffer, vertex_buffer_offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(start, size);
-
-        // Bind the vertex array to the buffer at the current offset.
-        vertex_array_pushbuffer.SetVertexBuffer(static_cast<GLuint>(index), vertex_buffer,
-                                                vertex_buffer_offset, vertex_array.stride);
+        glBindVertexBuffer(static_cast<GLuint>(index), vertex_buffer, vertex_buffer_offset,
+                           vertex_array.stride);
     }
 }
 
@@ -222,7 +220,7 @@ GLintptr RasterizerOpenGL::SetupIndexBuffer() {
     const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
     const std::size_t size = CalculateIndexBufferSize();
     const auto [buffer, offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(regs.index_array.IndexStart(), size);
-    vertex_array_pushbuffer.SetIndexBuffer(buffer);
+    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
     return offset;
 }
 
@@ -524,7 +522,6 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 
     // Prepare vertex array format.
     SetupVertexFormat();
-    vertex_array_pushbuffer.Setup();
 
     // Upload vertex and index data.
     SetupVertexBuffer();
@@ -534,17 +531,13 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
         index_buffer_offset = SetupIndexBuffer();
     }
 
-    // Prepare packed bindings.
-    bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Setup();
-    bind_ssbo_pushbuffer.Setup();
-
     // Setup emulation uniform buffer.
     GLShader::MaxwellUniformData ubo;
     ubo.SetFromRegs(gpu);
     const auto [buffer, offset] =
         buffer_cache.UploadHostMemory(&ubo, sizeof(ubo), device.GetUniformBufferAlignment());
-    bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Push(EmulationUniformBlockBinding, buffer, offset,
-                             static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(sizeof(ubo)));
+    glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, EmulationUniformBlockBinding, buffer, offset,
+                      static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(sizeof(ubo)));
 
     // Setup shaders and their used resources.
     texture_cache.GuardSamplers(true);
@@ -557,11 +550,6 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
     // Signal the buffer cache that we are not going to upload more things.
     buffer_cache.Unmap();
 
-    // Now that we are no longer uploading data, we can safely bind the buffers to OpenGL.
-    vertex_array_pushbuffer.Bind();
-    bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Bind();
-    bind_ssbo_pushbuffer.Bind();
-
     program_manager.BindGraphicsPipeline();
 
     if (texture_cache.TextureBarrier()) {
@@ -630,17 +618,11 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::DispatchCompute(GPUVAddr code_addr) {
         (Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize + device.GetUniformBufferAlignment());
     buffer_cache.Map(buffer_size);
 
-    bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Setup();
-    bind_ssbo_pushbuffer.Setup();
-
     SetupComputeConstBuffers(kernel);
     SetupComputeGlobalMemory(kernel);
 
     buffer_cache.Unmap();
 
-    bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Bind();
-    bind_ssbo_pushbuffer.Bind();
-
     const auto& launch_desc = system.GPU().KeplerCompute().launch_description;
     glDispatchCompute(launch_desc.grid_dim_x, launch_desc.grid_dim_y, launch_desc.grid_dim_z);
     ++num_queued_commands;
@@ -771,8 +753,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupConstBuffer(u32 binding, const Tegra::Engines::Const
                                         const ConstBufferEntry& entry) {
     if (!buffer.enabled) {
         // Set values to zero to unbind buffers
-        bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Push(binding, buffer_cache.GetEmptyBuffer(sizeof(float)), 0,
-                                 sizeof(float));
+        glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, binding, buffer_cache.GetEmptyBuffer(sizeof(float)), 0,
+                          sizeof(float));
         return;
     }
 
@@ -783,7 +765,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupConstBuffer(u32 binding, const Tegra::Engines::Const
     const auto alignment = device.GetUniformBufferAlignment();
     const auto [cbuf, offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(buffer.address, size, alignment, false,
                                                           device.HasFastBufferSubData());
-    bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Push(binding, cbuf, offset, size);
+    glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, binding, cbuf, offset, size);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawGlobalMemory(std::size_t stage_index, const Shader& shader) {
@@ -819,7 +801,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupGlobalMemory(u32 binding, const GlobalMemoryEntry& e
     const auto alignment{device.GetShaderStorageBufferAlignment()};
     const auto [ssbo, buffer_offset] =
         buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, alignment, entry.IsWritten());
-    bind_ssbo_pushbuffer.Push(binding, ssbo, buffer_offset, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+    glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, binding, ssbo, buffer_offset,
+                      static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawTextures(std::size_t stage_index, const Shader& shader) {
@@ -1432,7 +1415,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::EndTransformFeedback() {
         const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = binding.Address();
         const std::size_t size = binding.buffer_size;
         const auto [dest_buffer, offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, 4, true);
-        glCopyNamedBufferSubData(handle, *dest_buffer, 0, offset, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+        glCopyNamedBufferSubData(handle, dest_buffer, 0, offset, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h
index 435da4425..caea174d2 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h
@@ -231,9 +231,7 @@ private:
     static constexpr std::size_t STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 128 * 1024 * 1024;
     OGLBufferCache buffer_cache;
 
-    VertexArrayPushBuffer vertex_array_pushbuffer{state_tracker};
-    BindBuffersRangePushBuffer bind_ubo_pushbuffer{GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER};
-    BindBuffersRangePushBuffer bind_ssbo_pushbuffer{GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER};
+    GLint vertex_binding = 0;
 
     std::array<OGLBuffer, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::NumTransformFeedbackBuffers>
         transform_feedback_buffers;
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.cpp
index b751086fa..6d7bb16b2 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.cpp
@@ -14,68 +14,6 @@
 
 namespace OpenGL {
 
-struct VertexArrayPushBuffer::Entry {
-    GLuint binding_index{};
-    const GLuint* buffer{};
-    GLintptr offset{};
-    GLsizei stride{};
-};
-
-VertexArrayPushBuffer::VertexArrayPushBuffer(StateTracker& state_tracker)
-    : state_tracker{state_tracker} {}
-
-VertexArrayPushBuffer::~VertexArrayPushBuffer() = default;
-
-void VertexArrayPushBuffer::Setup() {
-    index_buffer = nullptr;
-    vertex_buffers.clear();
-}
-
-void VertexArrayPushBuffer::SetIndexBuffer(const GLuint* buffer) {
-    index_buffer = buffer;
-}
-
-void VertexArrayPushBuffer::SetVertexBuffer(GLuint binding_index, const GLuint* buffer,
-                                            GLintptr offset, GLsizei stride) {
-    vertex_buffers.push_back(Entry{binding_index, buffer, offset, stride});
-}
-
-void VertexArrayPushBuffer::Bind() {
-    if (index_buffer) {
-        state_tracker.BindIndexBuffer(*index_buffer);
-    }
-
-    for (const auto& entry : vertex_buffers) {
-        glBindVertexBuffer(entry.binding_index, *entry.buffer, entry.offset, entry.stride);
-    }
-}
-
-struct BindBuffersRangePushBuffer::Entry {
-    GLuint binding;
-    const GLuint* buffer;
-    GLintptr offset;
-    GLsizeiptr size;
-};
-
-BindBuffersRangePushBuffer::BindBuffersRangePushBuffer(GLenum target) : target{target} {}
-
-BindBuffersRangePushBuffer::~BindBuffersRangePushBuffer() = default;
-
-void BindBuffersRangePushBuffer::Setup() {
-    entries.clear();
-}
-
-void BindBuffersRangePushBuffer::Push(GLuint binding, const GLuint* buffer, GLintptr offset,
-                                      GLsizeiptr size) {
-    entries.push_back(Entry{binding, buffer, offset, size});
-}
-
-void BindBuffersRangePushBuffer::Bind() {
-    for (const Entry& entry : entries) {
-        glBindBufferRange(target, entry.binding, *entry.buffer, entry.offset, entry.size);
-    }
-}
-
 void LabelGLObject(GLenum identifier, GLuint handle, VAddr addr, std::string_view extra_info) {
     if (!GLAD_GL_KHR_debug) {
         // We don't need to throw an error as this is just for debugging
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.h
index 47ee3177b..9c09ee12c 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.h
@@ -11,49 +11,6 @@
 
 namespace OpenGL {
 
-class StateTracker;
-
-class VertexArrayPushBuffer final {
-public:
-    explicit VertexArrayPushBuffer(StateTracker& state_tracker);
-    ~VertexArrayPushBuffer();
-
-    void Setup();
-
-    void SetIndexBuffer(const GLuint* buffer);
-
-    void SetVertexBuffer(GLuint binding_index, const GLuint* buffer, GLintptr offset,
-                         GLsizei stride);
-
-    void Bind();
-
-private:
-    struct Entry;
-
-    StateTracker& state_tracker;
-
-    const GLuint* index_buffer{};
-    std::vector<Entry> vertex_buffers;
-};
-
-class BindBuffersRangePushBuffer final {
-public:
-    explicit BindBuffersRangePushBuffer(GLenum target);
-    ~BindBuffersRangePushBuffer();
-
-    void Setup();
-
-    void Push(GLuint binding, const GLuint* buffer, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr size);
-
-    void Bind();
-
-private:
-    struct Entry;
-
-    GLenum target;
-    std::vector<Entry> entries;
-};
-
 void LabelGLObject(GLenum identifier, GLuint handle, VAddr addr, std::string_view extra_info = {});
 
 } // namespace OpenGL
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp
index 0d167afbd..81e1de2be 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp
@@ -74,18 +74,18 @@ Buffer VKBufferCache::CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) {
     return std::make_shared<CachedBufferBlock>(device, memory_manager, cpu_addr, size);
 }
 
-const VkBuffer* VKBufferCache::ToHandle(const Buffer& buffer) {
+VkBuffer VKBufferCache::ToHandle(const Buffer& buffer) {
     return buffer->GetHandle();
 }
 
-const VkBuffer* VKBufferCache::GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) {
+VkBuffer VKBufferCache::GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) {
     size = std::max(size, std::size_t(4));
     const auto& empty = staging_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(size, false);
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
     scheduler.Record([size, buffer = *empty.handle](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         cmdbuf.FillBuffer(buffer, 0, size, 0);
     });
-    return empty.handle.address();
+    return *empty.handle;
 }
 
 void VKBufferCache::UploadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ void VKBufferCache::UploadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, st
     std::memcpy(staging.commit->Map(size), data, size);
 
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-    scheduler.Record([staging = *staging.handle, buffer = *buffer->GetHandle(), offset,
+    scheduler.Record([staging = *staging.handle, buffer = buffer->GetHandle(), offset,
                       size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         cmdbuf.CopyBuffer(staging, buffer, VkBufferCopy{0, offset, size});
 
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ void VKBufferCache::DownloadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset,
                                       u8* data) {
     const auto& staging = staging_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(size, true);
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-    scheduler.Record([staging = *staging.handle, buffer = *buffer->GetHandle(), offset,
+    scheduler.Record([staging = *staging.handle, buffer = buffer->GetHandle(), offset,
                       size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         VkBufferMemoryBarrier barrier;
         barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER;
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ void VKBufferCache::DownloadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset,
 void VKBufferCache::CopyBlock(const Buffer& src, const Buffer& dst, std::size_t src_offset,
                               std::size_t dst_offset, std::size_t size) {
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-    scheduler.Record([src_buffer = *src->GetHandle(), dst_buffer = *dst->GetHandle(), src_offset,
+    scheduler.Record([src_buffer = src->GetHandle(), dst_buffer = dst->GetHandle(), src_offset,
                       dst_offset, size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         cmdbuf.CopyBuffer(src_buffer, dst_buffer, VkBufferCopy{src_offset, dst_offset, size});
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h
index d3c23da98..3cd2e2774 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ public:
                                VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size);
     ~CachedBufferBlock();
 
-    const VkBuffer* GetHandle() const {
-        return buffer.handle.address();
+    VkBuffer GetHandle() const {
+        return *buffer.handle;
     }
 
 private:
@@ -50,15 +50,15 @@ public:
                            VKScheduler& scheduler, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool);
     ~VKBufferCache();
 
-    const VkBuffer* GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) override;
+    VkBuffer GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) override;
 
 protected:
+    VkBuffer ToHandle(const Buffer& buffer) override;
+
     void WriteBarrier() override {}
 
     Buffer CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) override;
 
-    const VkBuffer* ToHandle(const Buffer& buffer) override;
-
     void UploadBlockData(const Buffer& buffer, std::size_t offset, std::size_t size,
                          const u8* data) override;
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.cpp
index 9d92305f4..878a78755 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.cpp
@@ -343,13 +343,13 @@ QuadArrayPass::QuadArrayPass(const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
 
 QuadArrayPass::~QuadArrayPass() = default;
 
-std::pair<const VkBuffer*, VkDeviceSize> QuadArrayPass::Assemble(u32 num_vertices, u32 first) {
+std::pair<VkBuffer, VkDeviceSize> QuadArrayPass::Assemble(u32 num_vertices, u32 first) {
     const u32 num_triangle_vertices = num_vertices * 6 / 4;
     const std::size_t staging_size = num_triangle_vertices * sizeof(u32);
     auto& buffer = staging_buffer_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(staging_size, false);
 
     update_descriptor_queue.Acquire();
-    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(buffer.handle.address(), 0, staging_size);
+    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(*buffer.handle, 0, staging_size);
     const auto set = CommitDescriptorSet(update_descriptor_queue, scheduler.GetFence());
 
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ std::pair<const VkBuffer*, VkDeviceSize> QuadArrayPass::Assemble(u32 num_vertice
         cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
                                VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT, 0, {}, {barrier}, {});
     });
-    return {buffer.handle.address(), 0};
+    return {*buffer.handle, 0};
 }
 
 Uint8Pass::Uint8Pass(const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
@@ -391,14 +391,14 @@ Uint8Pass::Uint8Pass(const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
 
 Uint8Pass::~Uint8Pass() = default;
 
-std::pair<const VkBuffer*, u64> Uint8Pass::Assemble(u32 num_vertices, VkBuffer src_buffer,
-                                                    u64 src_offset) {
+std::pair<VkBuffer, u64> Uint8Pass::Assemble(u32 num_vertices, VkBuffer src_buffer,
+                                             u64 src_offset) {
     const auto staging_size = static_cast<u32>(num_vertices * sizeof(u16));
     auto& buffer = staging_buffer_pool.GetUnusedBuffer(staging_size, false);
 
     update_descriptor_queue.Acquire();
-    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(&src_buffer, src_offset, num_vertices);
-    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(buffer.handle.address(), 0, staging_size);
+    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(src_buffer, src_offset, num_vertices);
+    update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(*buffer.handle, 0, staging_size);
     const auto set = CommitDescriptorSet(update_descriptor_queue, scheduler.GetFence());
 
     scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ std::pair<const VkBuffer*, u64> Uint8Pass::Assemble(u32 num_vertices, VkBuffer s
         cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
                                VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT, 0, {}, barrier, {});
     });
-    return {buffer.handle.address(), 0};
+    return {*buffer.handle, 0};
 }
 
 } // namespace Vulkan
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.h
index c62516bff..ec80c8683 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public:
                            VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue);
     ~QuadArrayPass();
 
-    std::pair<const VkBuffer*, VkDeviceSize> Assemble(u32 num_vertices, u32 first);
+    std::pair<VkBuffer, VkDeviceSize> Assemble(u32 num_vertices, u32 first);
 
 private:
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public:
                        VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue);
     ~Uint8Pass();
 
-    std::pair<const VkBuffer*, u64> Assemble(u32 num_vertices, VkBuffer src_buffer, u64 src_offset);
+    std::pair<VkBuffer, u64> Assemble(u32 num_vertices, VkBuffer src_buffer, u64 src_offset);
 
 private:
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h
index 35ee54d30..5b6858e9b 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_memory_manager.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public:
      *                     memory. When passing false, it will try to allocate device local memory.
      * @returns A memory commit.
      */
-    VKMemoryCommit Commit(const VkMemoryRequirements& reqs, bool host_visible);
+    VKMemoryCommit Commit(const VkMemoryRequirements& requirements, bool host_visible);
 
     /// Commits memory required by the buffer and binds it.
     VKMemoryCommit Commit(const vk::Buffer& buffer, bool host_visible);
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp
index 774ba1f26..4ca0febb8 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp
@@ -137,13 +137,13 @@ Tegra::Texture::FullTextureInfo GetTextureInfo(const Engine& engine, const Entry
 
 class BufferBindings final {
 public:
-    void AddVertexBinding(const VkBuffer* buffer, VkDeviceSize offset) {
-        vertex.buffer_ptrs[vertex.num_buffers] = buffer;
+    void AddVertexBinding(VkBuffer buffer, VkDeviceSize offset) {
+        vertex.buffers[vertex.num_buffers] = buffer;
         vertex.offsets[vertex.num_buffers] = offset;
         ++vertex.num_buffers;
     }
 
-    void SetIndexBinding(const VkBuffer* buffer, VkDeviceSize offset, VkIndexType type) {
+    void SetIndexBinding(VkBuffer buffer, VkDeviceSize offset, VkIndexType type) {
         index.buffer = buffer;
         index.offset = offset;
         index.type = type;
@@ -227,19 +227,19 @@ private:
     // Some of these fields are intentionally left uninitialized to avoid initializing them twice.
     struct {
         std::size_t num_buffers = 0;
-        std::array<const VkBuffer*, Maxwell::NumVertexArrays> buffer_ptrs;
+        std::array<VkBuffer, Maxwell::NumVertexArrays> buffers;
         std::array<VkDeviceSize, Maxwell::NumVertexArrays> offsets;
     } vertex;
 
     struct {
-        const VkBuffer* buffer = nullptr;
+        VkBuffer buffer = nullptr;
         VkDeviceSize offset;
         VkIndexType type;
     } index;
 
     template <std::size_t N>
     void BindStatic(VKScheduler& scheduler) const {
-        if (index.buffer != nullptr) {
+        if (index.buffer) {
             BindStatic<N, true>(scheduler);
         } else {
             BindStatic<N, false>(scheduler);
@@ -254,18 +254,14 @@ private:
         }
 
         std::array<VkBuffer, N> buffers;
-        std::transform(vertex.buffer_ptrs.begin(), vertex.buffer_ptrs.begin() + N, buffers.begin(),
-                       [](const auto ptr) { return *ptr; });
-
         std::array<VkDeviceSize, N> offsets;
+        std::copy(vertex.buffers.begin(), vertex.buffers.begin() + N, buffers.begin());
         std::copy(vertex.offsets.begin(), vertex.offsets.begin() + N, offsets.begin());
 
         if constexpr (is_indexed) {
             // Indexed draw
-            scheduler.Record([buffers, offsets, index_buffer = *index.buffer,
-                              index_offset = index.offset,
-                              index_type = index.type](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
-                cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(index_buffer, index_offset, index_type);
+            scheduler.Record([buffers, offsets, index = index](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+                cmdbuf.BindIndexBuffer(index.buffer, index.offset, index.type);
                 cmdbuf.BindVertexBuffers(0, static_cast<u32>(N), buffers.data(), offsets.data());
             });
         } else {
@@ -790,7 +786,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::BeginTransformFeedback() {
     const std::size_t size = binding.buffer_size;
     const auto [buffer, offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, 4, true);
 
-    scheduler.Record([buffer = *buffer, offset = offset, size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+    scheduler.Record([buffer = buffer, offset = offset, size](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
         cmdbuf.BindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT(0, 1, &buffer, &offset, &size);
         cmdbuf.BeginTransformFeedbackEXT(0, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
     });
@@ -870,7 +866,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupIndexBuffer(BufferBindings& buffer_bindings, DrawPar
         auto format = regs.index_array.format;
         const bool is_uint8 = format == Maxwell::IndexFormat::UnsignedByte;
         if (is_uint8 && !device.IsExtIndexTypeUint8Supported()) {
-            std::tie(buffer, offset) = uint8_pass.Assemble(params.num_vertices, *buffer, offset);
+            std::tie(buffer, offset) = uint8_pass.Assemble(params.num_vertices, buffer, offset);
             format = Maxwell::IndexFormat::UnsignedShort;
         }
 
@@ -1007,8 +1003,8 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGlobalBuffer(const GlobalBufferEntry& entry, GPUVAdd
     const auto size = memory_manager.Read<u32>(address + 8);
 
     if (size == 0) {
-        // Sometimes global memory pointers don't have a proper size. Upload a dummy entry because
-        // Vulkan doesn't like empty buffers.
+        // Sometimes global memory pointers don't have a proper size. Upload a dummy entry
+        // because Vulkan doesn't like empty buffers.
         constexpr std::size_t dummy_size = 4;
         const auto buffer = buffer_cache.GetEmptyBuffer(dummy_size);
         update_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(buffer, 0, dummy_size);
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_update_descriptor.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_update_descriptor.cpp
index 4bfec0077..681ecde98 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_update_descriptor.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_update_descriptor.cpp
@@ -35,12 +35,13 @@ void VKUpdateDescriptorQueue::Send(VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR update_template
         payload.clear();
     }
 
+    // TODO(Rodrigo): Rework to write the payload directly
     const auto payload_start = payload.data() + payload.size();
     for (const auto& entry : entries) {
         if (const auto image = std::get_if<VkDescriptorImageInfo>(&entry)) {
             payload.push_back(*image);
-        } else if (const auto buffer = std::get_if<Buffer>(&entry)) {
-            payload.emplace_back(*buffer->buffer, buffer->offset, buffer->size);
+        } else if (const auto buffer = std::get_if<VkDescriptorBufferInfo>(&entry)) {
+            payload.push_back(*buffer);
         } else if (const auto texel = std::get_if<VkBufferView>(&entry)) {
             payload.push_back(*texel);
         } else {
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_update_descriptor.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_update_descriptor.h
index a9e3d5dba..6ba2c9997 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_update_descriptor.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_update_descriptor.h
@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@ class VKScheduler;
 
 class DescriptorUpdateEntry {
 public:
-    explicit DescriptorUpdateEntry() : image{} {}
+    explicit DescriptorUpdateEntry() {}
 
     DescriptorUpdateEntry(VkDescriptorImageInfo image) : image{image} {}
 
-    DescriptorUpdateEntry(VkBuffer buffer, VkDeviceSize offset, VkDeviceSize size)
-        : buffer{buffer, offset, size} {}
+    DescriptorUpdateEntry(VkDescriptorBufferInfo buffer) : buffer{buffer} {}
 
     DescriptorUpdateEntry(VkBufferView texel_buffer) : texel_buffer{texel_buffer} {}
 
@@ -54,8 +53,8 @@ public:
         entries.emplace_back(VkDescriptorImageInfo{{}, image_view, {}});
     }
 
-    void AddBuffer(const VkBuffer* buffer, u64 offset, std::size_t size) {
-        entries.push_back(Buffer{buffer, offset, size});
+    void AddBuffer(VkBuffer buffer, u64 offset, std::size_t size) {
+        entries.emplace_back(VkDescriptorBufferInfo{buffer, offset, size});
     }
 
     void AddTexelBuffer(VkBufferView texel_buffer) {
@@ -67,12 +66,7 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    struct Buffer {
-        const VkBuffer* buffer = nullptr;
-        u64 offset = 0;
-        std::size_t size = 0;
-    };
-    using Variant = std::variant<VkDescriptorImageInfo, Buffer, VkBufferView>;
+    using Variant = std::variant<VkDescriptorImageInfo, VkDescriptorBufferInfo, VkBufferView>;
 
     const VKDevice& device;
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
diff --git a/src/video_core/shader/control_flow.cpp b/src/video_core/shader/control_flow.cpp
index 2e2711350..6d313963a 100644
--- a/src/video_core/shader/control_flow.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/shader/control_flow.cpp
@@ -484,17 +484,17 @@ bool TryInspectAddress(CFGRebuildState& state) {
     }
     case BlockCollision::Inside: {
         // This case is the tricky one:
-        // We need to Split the block in 2 sepparate blocks
+        // We need to split the block into 2 separate blocks
         const u32 end = state.block_info[block_index].end;
         BlockInfo& new_block = CreateBlockInfo(state, address, end);
         BlockInfo& current_block = state.block_info[block_index];
         current_block.end = address - 1;
-        new_block.branch = current_block.branch;
+        new_block.branch = std::move(current_block.branch);
         BlockBranchInfo forward_branch = MakeBranchInfo<SingleBranch>();
         const auto branch = std::get_if<SingleBranch>(forward_branch.get());
         branch->address = address;
         branch->ignore = true;
-        current_block.branch = forward_branch;
+        current_block.branch = std::move(forward_branch);
         return true;
     }
     default:
diff --git a/src/video_core/shader/decode/shift.cpp b/src/video_core/shader/decode/shift.cpp
index 3b391d3e6..d4ffa8014 100644
--- a/src/video_core/shader/decode/shift.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/shader/decode/shift.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ Node IsFull(Node shift) {
 }
 
 Node Shift(OperationCode opcode, Node value, Node shift) {
-    Node is_full = Operation(OperationCode::LogicalIEqual, shift, Immediate(32));
     Node shifted = Operation(opcode, move(value), shift);
     return Operation(OperationCode::Select, IsFull(move(shift)), Immediate(0), move(shifted));
 }
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.cpp
index 7af0e792c..715f39d0d 100644
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.cpp
@@ -248,8 +248,14 @@ void SurfaceBaseImpl::FlushBuffer(Tegra::MemoryManager& memory_manager,
 
     // Use an extra temporal buffer
     auto& tmp_buffer = staging_cache.GetBuffer(1);
+    // Special case for 3D Texture Segments
+    const bool must_read_current_data =
+        params.block_depth > 0 && params.target == VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget::Texture2D;
     tmp_buffer.resize(guest_memory_size);
     host_ptr = tmp_buffer.data();
+    if (must_read_current_data) {
+        memory_manager.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, host_ptr, guest_memory_size);
+    }
 
     if (params.is_tiled) {
         ASSERT_MSG(params.block_width == 0, "Block width is defined as {}", params.block_width);
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.h
index a39a8661b..c5ab21f56 100644
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.h
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.h
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ public:
         return (cpu_addr < end) && (cpu_addr_end > start);
     }
 
-    bool IsInside(const GPUVAddr other_start, const GPUVAddr other_end) {
+    bool IsInside(const GPUVAddr other_start, const GPUVAddr other_end) const {
         const GPUVAddr gpu_addr_end = gpu_addr + guest_memory_size;
-        return (gpu_addr <= other_start && other_end <= gpu_addr_end);
+        return gpu_addr <= other_start && other_end <= gpu_addr_end;
     }
 
     // Use only when recycling a surface
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.cpp
index 57a1f5803..6b5f5984b 100644
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.cpp
@@ -20,4 +20,8 @@ bool ViewParams::operator==(const ViewParams& rhs) const {
            std::tie(rhs.base_layer, rhs.num_layers, rhs.base_level, rhs.num_levels, rhs.target);
 }
 
+bool ViewParams::operator!=(const ViewParams& rhs) const {
+    return !operator==(rhs);
+}
+
 } // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.h
index b17fd11a9..90a8bb0ae 100644
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.h
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ struct ViewParams {
     std::size_t Hash() const;
 
     bool operator==(const ViewParams& rhs) const;
+    bool operator!=(const ViewParams& rhs) const;
 
     bool IsLayered() const {
         switch (target) {
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h
index 47881d527..69ca08fd1 100644
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h
@@ -614,10 +614,10 @@ private:
      * textures within the GPU if possible. Falls back to LLE when it isn't possible to use any of
      * the HLE methods.
      *
-     * @param overlaps          The overlapping surfaces registered in the cache.
-     * @param params            The parameters on the new surface.
-     * @param gpu_addr          The starting address of the new surface.
-     * @param cache_addr        The starting address of the new surface on physical memory.
+     * @param overlaps  The overlapping surfaces registered in the cache.
+     * @param params    The parameters on the new surface.
+     * @param gpu_addr  The starting address of the new surface.
+     * @param cpu_addr  The starting address of the new surface on physical memory.
      */
     std::optional<std::pair<TSurface, TView>> Manage3DSurfaces(std::vector<TSurface>& overlaps,
                                                                const SurfaceParams& params,
diff --git a/src/web_service/CMakeLists.txt b/src/web_service/CMakeLists.txt
index 01f2d129d..0c9bb0d55 100644
--- a/src/web_service/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/web_service/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -8,9 +8,4 @@ add_library(web_service STATIC
 )
 
 create_target_directory_groups(web_service)
-
-get_directory_property(OPENSSL_LIBS
-        DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/externals/libressl
-        DEFINITION OPENSSL_LIBS)
-target_compile_definitions(web_service PRIVATE -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT)
-target_link_libraries(web_service PRIVATE common json-headers ${OPENSSL_LIBS} httplib lurlparser)
+target_link_libraries(web_service PRIVATE common json-headers httplib lurlparser)