36 files changed, 3207 insertions, 1822 deletions
diff --git a/externals/httplib/httplib.h b/externals/httplib/httplib.h
index dd9afe693..fa2edcc94 100644
--- a/externals/httplib/httplib.h
+++ b/externals/httplib/httplib.h
@@ -1,357 +1,768 @@
 //
 //  httplib.h
 //
-//  Copyright (c) 2017 Yuji Hirose. All rights reserved.
+//  Copyright (c) 2019 Yuji Hirose. All rights reserved.
 //  MIT License
 //
-#ifndef _CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H_
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H
-#define _CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H_
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H
+/*
+ * Configuration
+ */
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_SECOND
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_SECOND 5
+#endif
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_USECOND
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_USECOND 0
+#endif
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_MAX_COUNT
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_MAX_COUNT 5
+#endif
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_SECOND
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_SECOND 5
+#endif
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_USECOND
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_USECOND 0
+#endif
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_REQUEST_URI_MAX_LENGTH
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_REQUEST_URI_MAX_LENGTH 8192
+#endif
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_REDIRECT_MAX_COUNT
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_REDIRECT_MAX_COUNT 20
+#endif
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_PAYLOAD_MAX_LENGTH
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_PAYLOAD_MAX_LENGTH (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max)()
+#endif
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ size_t(4096u)
+#endif
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_COUNT
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_COUNT 8
+#endif
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #ifndef _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
 #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
-#endif
+#endif //_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
 #ifndef _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
 #define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+#endif //_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#ifdef _WIN64
+typedef __int64 ssize_t;
+#else
+typedef int ssize_t;
 #endif
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1900
+#if _MSC_VER < 1900
 #define snprintf _snprintf_s
 #endif
+#endif // _MSC_VER
 #ifndef S_ISREG
-#define S_ISREG(m)  (((m)&S_IFREG)==S_IFREG)
+#define S_ISREG(m) (((m)&S_IFREG) == S_IFREG)
-#endif
+#endif // S_ISREG
 #ifndef S_ISDIR
-#define S_ISDIR(m)  (((m)&S_IFDIR)==S_IFDIR)
+#define S_ISDIR(m) (((m)&S_IFDIR) == S_IFDIR)
-#endif
+#endif // S_ISDIR
+#ifndef NOMINMAX
+#define NOMINMAX
+#endif // NOMINMAX
 #include <io.h>
 #include <winsock2.h>
 #include <ws2tcpip.h>
-#undef min
+#ifndef WSA_FLAG_NO_HANDLE_INHERIT
-#undef max
+#define WSA_FLAG_NO_HANDLE_INHERIT 0x80
+#endif
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
+#endif
 #ifndef strcasecmp
 #define strcasecmp _stricmp
-#endif
+#endif // strcasecmp
 typedef SOCKET socket_t;
-#else
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_USE_POLL
-#include <pthread.h>
+#define poll(fds, nfds, timeout) WSAPoll(fds, nfds, timeout)
-#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
-#include <netdb.h>
+#else // not _WIN32
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <netdb.h>
 #include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_USE_POLL
+#include <poll.h>
+#endif
+#include <pthread.h>
 #include <signal.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/select.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 typedef int socket_t;
 #define INVALID_SOCKET (-1)
-#endif
+#endif //_WIN32
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <functional>
+#include <list>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <random>
 #include <regex>
 #include <string>
-#include <thread>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <thread>
-#include <assert.h>
 #ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+#include <openssl/err.h>
 #include <openssl/ssl.h>
+#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
+// #if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x1010100fL
+// #error Sorry, OpenSSL versions prior to 1.1.1 are not supported
+// #endif
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100000L
+#include <openssl/crypto.h>
+inline const unsigned char *ASN1_STRING_get0_data(const ASN1_STRING *asn1) {
+  return M_ASN1_STRING_data(asn1);
+}
+#endif
 #endif
 #ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
 #include <zlib.h>
 #endif
-/*
+namespace httplib {
- * Configuration
- */
-#define CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_SECOND 5
-#define CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_USECOND 0
-namespace httplib
-{
 namespace detail {
 struct ci {
-    bool operator() (const std::string & s1, const std::string & s2) const {
+  bool operator()(const std::string &s1, const std::string &s2) const {
-        return std::lexicographical_compare(
+    return std::lexicographical_compare(
-                s1.begin(), s1.end(),
+        s1.begin(), s1.end(), s2.begin(), s2.end(),
-                s2.begin(), s2.end(),
+        [](char c1, char c2) { return ::tolower(c1) < ::tolower(c2); });
-                [](char c1, char c2) {
+  }
-                    return ::tolower(c1) < ::tolower(c2);
-                });
-    }
 };
 } // namespace detail
 enum class HttpVersion { v1_0 = 0, v1_1 };
-typedef std::multimap<std::string, std::string, detail::ci>  Headers;
+typedef std::multimap<std::string, std::string, detail::ci> Headers;
+typedef std::multimap<std::string, std::string> Params;
+typedef std::smatch Match;
+typedef std::function<void(const char *data, size_t data_len)> DataSink;
-template<typename uint64_t, typename... Args>
+typedef std::function<void()> Done;
-std::pair<std::string, std::string> make_range_header(uint64_t value, Args... args);
-typedef std::multimap<std::string, std::string>                Params;
+typedef std::function<void(size_t offset, size_t length, DataSink sink,
-typedef std::smatch                                            Match;
+                           Done done)>
-typedef std::function<void (uint64_t current, uint64_t total)> Progress;
+    ContentProvider;
+typedef std::function<bool(const char *data, size_t data_length, size_t offset,
+                           uint64_t content_length)>
+    ContentReceiver;
+typedef std::function<bool(uint64_t current, uint64_t total)> Progress;
+struct Response;
+typedef std::function<bool(const Response &response)> ResponseHandler;
 struct MultipartFile {
-    std::string filename;
+  std::string filename;
-    std::string content_type;
+  std::string content_type;
-    size_t offset = 0;
+  size_t offset = 0;
-    size_t length = 0;
+  size_t length = 0;
 };
 typedef std::multimap<std::string, MultipartFile> MultipartFiles;
+struct MultipartFormData {
+  std::string name;
+  std::string content;
+  std::string filename;
+  std::string content_type;
+};
+typedef std::vector<MultipartFormData> MultipartFormDataItems;
+typedef std::pair<ssize_t, ssize_t> Range;
+typedef std::vector<Range> Ranges;
 struct Request {
-    std::string    version;
+  std::string method;
-    std::string    method;
+  std::string path;
-    std::string    target;
+  Headers headers;
-    std::string    path;
+  std::string body;
-    Headers        headers;
-    std::string    body;
+  // for server
-    Params         params;
+  std::string version;
-    MultipartFiles files;
+  std::string target;
-    Match          matches;
+  Params params;
+  MultipartFiles files;
-    Progress       progress;
+  Ranges ranges;
+  Match matches;
-    bool has_header(const char* key) const;
-    std::string get_header_value(const char* key) const;
+  // for client
-    void set_header(const char* key, const char* val);
+  size_t redirect_count = CPPHTTPLIB_REDIRECT_MAX_COUNT;
+  ResponseHandler response_handler;
-    bool has_param(const char* key) const;
+  ContentReceiver content_receiver;
-    std::string get_param_value(const char* key) const;
+  Progress progress;
-    bool has_file(const char* key) const;
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
-    MultipartFile get_file_value(const char* key) const;
+  const SSL *ssl;
+#endif
+  bool has_header(const char *key) const;
+  std::string get_header_value(const char *key, size_t id = 0) const;
+  size_t get_header_value_count(const char *key) const;
+  void set_header(const char *key, const char *val);
+  void set_header(const char *key, const std::string &val);
+  bool has_param(const char *key) const;
+  std::string get_param_value(const char *key, size_t id = 0) const;
+  size_t get_param_value_count(const char *key) const;
+  bool has_file(const char *key) const;
+  MultipartFile get_file_value(const char *key) const;
 };
 struct Response {
-    std::string version;
+  std::string version;
-    int         status;
+  int status;
-    Headers     headers;
+  Headers headers;
-    std::string body;
+  std::string body;
-    bool has_header(const char* key) const;
+  bool has_header(const char *key) const;
-    std::string get_header_value(const char* key) const;
+  std::string get_header_value(const char *key, size_t id = 0) const;
-    void set_header(const char* key, const char* val);
+  size_t get_header_value_count(const char *key) const;
+  void set_header(const char *key, const char *val);
+  void set_header(const char *key, const std::string &val);
-    void set_redirect(const char* uri);
+  void set_redirect(const char *uri);
-    void set_content(const char* s, size_t n, const char* content_type);
+  void set_content(const char *s, size_t n, const char *content_type);
-    void set_content(const std::string& s, const char* content_type);
+  void set_content(const std::string &s, const char *content_type);
-    Response() : status(-1) {}
+  void set_content_provider(
+      size_t length,
+      std::function<void(size_t offset, size_t length, DataSink sink)> provider,
+      std::function<void()> resource_releaser = [] {});
+  void set_chunked_content_provider(
+      std::function<void(size_t offset, DataSink sink, Done done)> provider,
+      std::function<void()> resource_releaser = [] {});
+  Response() : status(-1), content_provider_resource_length(0) {}
+  ~Response() {
+    if (content_provider_resource_releaser) {
+      content_provider_resource_releaser();
+    }
+  }
+  size_t content_provider_resource_length;
+  ContentProvider content_provider;
+  std::function<void()> content_provider_resource_releaser;
 };
 class Stream {
 public:
-    virtual ~Stream() {}
+  virtual ~Stream() {}
-    virtual int read(char* ptr, size_t size) = 0;
+  virtual int read(char *ptr, size_t size) = 0;
-    virtual int write(const char* ptr, size_t size1) = 0;
+  virtual int write(const char *ptr, size_t size1) = 0;
-    virtual int write(const char* ptr) = 0;
+  virtual int write(const char *ptr) = 0;
-    virtual std::string get_remote_addr() = 0;
+  virtual int write(const std::string &s) = 0;
+  virtual std::string get_remote_addr() const = 0;
-    template <typename ...Args>
-    void write_format(const char* fmt, const Args& ...args);
+  template <typename... Args>
+  int write_format(const char *fmt, const Args &... args);
 };
 class SocketStream : public Stream {
 public:
-    SocketStream(socket_t sock);
+  SocketStream(socket_t sock);
-    virtual ~SocketStream();
+  virtual ~SocketStream();
+  virtual int read(char *ptr, size_t size);
+  virtual int write(const char *ptr, size_t size);
+  virtual int write(const char *ptr);
+  virtual int write(const std::string &s);
+  virtual std::string get_remote_addr() const;
+private:
+  socket_t sock_;
+};
+class BufferStream : public Stream {
+public:
+  BufferStream() {}
+  virtual ~BufferStream() {}
+  virtual int read(char *ptr, size_t size);
+  virtual int write(const char *ptr, size_t size);
+  virtual int write(const char *ptr);
+  virtual int write(const std::string &s);
+  virtual std::string get_remote_addr() const;
+  const std::string &get_buffer() const;
+private:
+  std::string buffer;
+};
+class TaskQueue {
+public:
+  TaskQueue() {}
+  virtual ~TaskQueue() {}
+  virtual void enqueue(std::function<void()> fn) = 0;
+  virtual void shutdown() = 0;
+};
-    virtual int read(char* ptr, size_t size);
+#if CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_COUNT > 0
-    virtual int write(const char* ptr, size_t size);
+class ThreadPool : public TaskQueue {
-    virtual int write(const char* ptr);
+public:
-    virtual std::string get_remote_addr();
+  ThreadPool(size_t n) : shutdown_(false) {
+    while (n) {
+      auto t = std::make_shared<std::thread>(worker(*this));
+      threads_.push_back(t);
+      n--;
+    }
+  }
+  ThreadPool(const ThreadPool &) = delete;
+  virtual ~ThreadPool() {}
+  virtual void enqueue(std::function<void()> fn) override {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    jobs_.push_back(fn);
+    cond_.notify_one();
+  }
+  virtual void shutdown() override {
+    // Stop all worker threads...
+    {
+      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+      shutdown_ = true;
+    }
+    cond_.notify_all();
+    // Join...
+    for (auto t : threads_) {
+      t->join();
+    }
+  }
 private:
-    socket_t sock_;
+  struct worker {
+    worker(ThreadPool &pool) : pool_(pool) {}
+    void operator()() {
+      for (;;) {
+        std::function<void()> fn;
+        {
+          std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(pool_.mutex_);
+          pool_.cond_.wait(
+              lock, [&] { return !pool_.jobs_.empty() || pool_.shutdown_; });
+          if (pool_.shutdown_ && pool_.jobs_.empty()) { break; }
+          fn = pool_.jobs_.front();
+          pool_.jobs_.pop_front();
+        }
+        assert(true == static_cast<bool>(fn));
+        fn();
+      }
+    }
+    ThreadPool &pool_;
+  };
+  friend struct worker;
+  std::vector<std::shared_ptr<std::thread>> threads_;
+  std::list<std::function<void()>> jobs_;
+  bool shutdown_;
+  std::condition_variable cond_;
+  std::mutex mutex_;
+};
+#else
+class Threads : public TaskQueue {
+public:
+  Threads() : running_threads_(0) {}
+  virtual ~Threads() {}
+  virtual void enqueue(std::function<void()> fn) override {
+    std::thread([=]() {
+      {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(running_threads_mutex_);
+        running_threads_++;
+      }
+      fn();
+      {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(running_threads_mutex_);
+        running_threads_--;
+      }
+    }).detach();
+  }
+  virtual void shutdown() override {
+    for (;;) {
+      std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(running_threads_mutex_);
+      if (!running_threads_) { break; }
+    }
+  }
+private:
+  std::mutex running_threads_mutex_;
+  int running_threads_;
 };
+#endif
 class Server {
 public:
-    typedef std::function<void (const Request&, Response&)> Handler;
+  typedef std::function<void(const Request &, Response &)> Handler;
-    typedef std::function<void (const Request&, const Response&)> Logger;
+  typedef std::function<void(const Request &, const Response &)> Logger;
+  Server();
-    Server();
+  virtual ~Server();
-    virtual ~Server();
+  virtual bool is_valid() const;
-    virtual bool is_valid() const;
+  Server &Get(const char *pattern, Handler handler);
+  Server &Post(const char *pattern, Handler handler);
-    Server& Get(const char* pattern, Handler handler);
+  Server &Put(const char *pattern, Handler handler);
-    Server& Post(const char* pattern, Handler handler);
+  Server &Patch(const char *pattern, Handler handler);
+  Server &Delete(const char *pattern, Handler handler);
+  Server &Options(const char *pattern, Handler handler);
-    Server& Put(const char* pattern, Handler handler);
+  bool set_base_dir(const char *path);
-    Server& Delete(const char* pattern, Handler handler);
+  void set_file_request_handler(Handler handler);
-    Server& Options(const char* pattern, Handler handler);
-    bool set_base_dir(const char* path);
+  void set_error_handler(Handler handler);
+  void set_logger(Logger logger);
-    void set_error_handler(Handler handler);
+  void set_keep_alive_max_count(size_t count);
-    void set_logger(Logger logger);
+  void set_payload_max_length(size_t length);
-    void set_keep_alive_max_count(size_t count);
+  int bind_to_any_port(const char *host, int socket_flags = 0);
+  bool listen_after_bind();
-    int bind_to_any_port(const char* host, int socket_flags = 0);
+  bool listen(const char *host, int port, int socket_flags = 0);
-    bool listen_after_bind();
-    bool listen(const char* host, int port, int socket_flags = 0);
+  bool is_running() const;
+  void stop();
-    bool is_running() const;
+  std::function<TaskQueue *(void)> new_task_queue;
-    void stop();
 protected:
-    bool process_request(Stream& strm, bool last_connection, bool& connection_close);
+  bool process_request(Stream &strm, bool last_connection,
+                       bool &connection_close,
+                       std::function<void(Request &)> setup_request);
-    size_t keep_alive_max_count_;
+  size_t keep_alive_max_count_;
+  size_t payload_max_length_;
 private:
-    typedef std::vector<std::pair<std::regex, Handler>> Handlers;
+  typedef std::vector<std::pair<std::regex, Handler>> Handlers;
-    socket_t create_server_socket(const char* host, int port, int socket_flags) const;
+  socket_t create_server_socket(const char *host, int port,
-    int bind_internal(const char* host, int port, int socket_flags);
+                                int socket_flags) const;
-    bool listen_internal();
+  int bind_internal(const char *host, int port, int socket_flags);
+  bool listen_internal();
-    bool routing(Request& req, Response& res);
-    bool handle_file_request(Request& req, Response& res);
+  bool routing(Request &req, Response &res);
-    bool dispatch_request(Request& req, Response& res, Handlers& handlers);
+  bool handle_file_request(Request &req, Response &res);
+  bool dispatch_request(Request &req, Response &res, Handlers &handlers);
-    bool parse_request_line(const char* s, Request& req);
-    void write_response(Stream& strm, bool last_connection, const Request& req, Response& res);
+  bool parse_request_line(const char *s, Request &req);
+  bool write_response(Stream &strm, bool last_connection, const Request &req,
-    virtual bool read_and_close_socket(socket_t sock);
+                      Response &res);
+  bool write_content_with_provider(Stream &strm, const Request &req,
-    bool        is_running_;
+                                   Response &res, const std::string &boundary,
-    socket_t    svr_sock_;
+                                   const std::string &content_type);
-    std::string base_dir_;
-    Handlers    get_handlers_;
+  virtual bool process_and_close_socket(socket_t sock);
-    Handlers    post_handlers_;
-    Handlers    put_handlers_;
+  std::atomic<bool> is_running_;
-    Handlers    delete_handlers_;
+  std::atomic<socket_t> svr_sock_;
-    Handlers    options_handlers_;
+  std::string base_dir_;
-    Handler     error_handler_;
+  Handler file_request_handler_;
-    Logger      logger_;
+  Handlers get_handlers_;
+  Handlers post_handlers_;
-    // TODO: Use thread pool...
+  Handlers put_handlers_;
-    std::mutex  running_threads_mutex_;
+  Handlers patch_handlers_;
-    int         running_threads_;
+  Handlers delete_handlers_;
+  Handlers options_handlers_;
+  Handler error_handler_;
+  Logger logger_;
 };
 class Client {
 public:
-    Client(
+  Client(const char *host, int port = 80, time_t timeout_sec = 300);
-            const char* host,
-            int port = 80,
+  virtual ~Client();
-            size_t timeout_sec = 300);
+  virtual bool is_valid() const;
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Get(const char *path);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Get(const char *path, Progress progress);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                Progress progress);
-    virtual ~Client();
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Get(const char *path,
+                                ContentReceiver content_receiver);
-    virtual bool is_valid() const;
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                ContentReceiver content_receiver);
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Get(const char* path, Progress progress = nullptr);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response>
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Get(const char* path, const Headers& headers, Progress progress = nullptr);
+  Get(const char *path, ContentReceiver content_receiver, Progress progress);
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Head(const char* path);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Head(const char* path, const Headers& headers);
+                                ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+                                Progress progress);
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Post(const char* path, const std::string& body, const char* content_type);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Post(const char* path, const Headers& headers, const std::string& body, const char* content_type);
+                                ResponseHandler response_handler,
+                                ContentReceiver content_receiver);
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Post(const char* path, const Params& params);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Post(const char* path, const Headers& headers, const Params& params);
+                                ResponseHandler response_handler,
+                                ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+                                Progress progress);
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Put(const char* path, const std::string& body, const char* content_type);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Head(const char *path);
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Put(const char* path, const Headers& headers, const std::string& body, const char* content_type);
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Delete(const char* path);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Head(const char *path, const Headers &headers);
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Delete(const char* path, const Headers& headers);
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Options(const char* path);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Post(const char *path, const std::string &body,
-    std::shared_ptr<Response> Options(const char* path, const Headers& headers);
+                                 const char *content_type);
-    bool send(Request& req, Response& res);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                 const std::string &body,
+                                 const char *content_type);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Post(const char *path, const Params &params);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                 const Params &params);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Post(const char *path,
+                                 const MultipartFormDataItems &items);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                 const MultipartFormDataItems &items);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Put(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+                                const char *content_type);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                const std::string &body,
+                                const char *content_type);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Patch(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+                                  const char *content_type);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                  const std::string &body,
+                                  const char *content_type);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Delete(const char *path);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Delete(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+                                   const char *content_type);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                   const std::string &body,
+                                   const char *content_type);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Options(const char *path);
+  std::shared_ptr<Response> Options(const char *path, const Headers &headers);
+  bool send(const Request &req, Response &res);
+  bool send(const std::vector<Request> &requests,
+            std::vector<Response> &responses);
+  void set_keep_alive_max_count(size_t count);
+  void follow_location(bool on);
 protected:
-    bool process_request(Stream& strm, Request& req, Response& res, bool& connection_close);
+  bool process_request(Stream &strm, const Request &req, Response &res,
+                       bool last_connection, bool &connection_close);
-    const std::string host_;
+  const std::string host_;
-    const int         port_;
+  const int port_;
-    size_t            timeout_sec_;
+  time_t timeout_sec_;
-    const std::string host_and_port_;
+  const std::string host_and_port_;
+  size_t keep_alive_max_count_;
+  size_t follow_location_;
 private:
-    socket_t create_client_socket() const;
+  socket_t create_client_socket() const;
-    bool read_response_line(Stream& strm, Response& res);
+  bool read_response_line(Stream &strm, Response &res);
-    void write_request(Stream& strm, Request& req);
+  void write_request(Stream &strm, const Request &req, bool last_connection);
+  bool redirect(const Request &req, Response &res);
-    virtual bool read_and_close_socket(socket_t sock, Request& req, Response& res);
+  virtual bool process_and_close_socket(
+      socket_t sock, size_t request_count,
+      std::function<bool(Stream &strm, bool last_connection,
+                         bool &connection_close)>
+          callback);
+  virtual bool is_ssl() const;
 };
+inline void Get(std::vector<Request> &requests, const char *path,
+                const Headers &headers) {
+  Request req;
+  req.method = "GET";
+  req.path = path;
+  req.headers = headers;
+  requests.emplace_back(std::move(req));
+}
+inline void Get(std::vector<Request> &requests, const char *path) {
+  Get(requests, path, Headers());
+}
+inline void Post(std::vector<Request> &requests, const char *path,
+                 const Headers &headers, const std::string &body,
+                 const char *content_type) {
+  Request req;
+  req.method = "POST";
+  req.path = path;
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.headers.emplace("Content-Type", content_type);
+  req.body = body;
+  requests.emplace_back(std::move(req));
+}
+inline void Post(std::vector<Request> &requests, const char *path,
+                 const std::string &body, const char *content_type) {
+  Post(requests, path, Headers(), body, content_type);
+}
 #ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
 class SSLSocketStream : public Stream {
 public:
-    SSLSocketStream(socket_t sock, SSL* ssl);
+  SSLSocketStream(socket_t sock, SSL *ssl);
-    virtual ~SSLSocketStream();
+  virtual ~SSLSocketStream();
-    virtual int read(char* ptr, size_t size);
+  virtual int read(char *ptr, size_t size);
-    virtual int write(const char* ptr, size_t size);
+  virtual int write(const char *ptr, size_t size);
-    virtual int write(const char* ptr);
+  virtual int write(const char *ptr);
-    virtual std::string get_remote_addr();
+  virtual int write(const std::string &s);
+  virtual std::string get_remote_addr() const;
 private:
-    socket_t sock_;
+  socket_t sock_;
-    SSL* ssl_;
+  SSL *ssl_;
 };
 class SSLServer : public Server {
 public:
-    SSLServer(
+  SSLServer(const char *cert_path, const char *private_key_path,
-            const char* cert_path, const char* private_key_path);
+            const char *client_ca_cert_file_path = nullptr,
+            const char *client_ca_cert_dir_path = nullptr);
-    virtual ~SSLServer();
+  virtual ~SSLServer();
-    virtual bool is_valid() const;
+  virtual bool is_valid() const;
 private:
-    virtual bool read_and_close_socket(socket_t sock);
+  virtual bool process_and_close_socket(socket_t sock);
-    SSL_CTX* ctx_;
+  SSL_CTX *ctx_;
-    std::mutex ctx_mutex_;
+  std::mutex ctx_mutex_;
 };
 class SSLClient : public Client {
 public:
-    SSLClient(
+  SSLClient(const char *host, int port = 443, time_t timeout_sec = 300,
-            const char* host,
+            const char *client_cert_path = nullptr,
-            int port = 80,
+            const char *client_key_path = nullptr);
-            size_t timeout_sec = 300);
-    virtual ~SSLClient();
+  virtual ~SSLClient();
-    virtual bool is_valid() const;
+  virtual bool is_valid() const;
-private:
+  void set_ca_cert_path(const char *ca_ceert_file_path,
-    virtual bool read_and_close_socket(socket_t sock, Request& req, Response& res);
+                        const char *ca_cert_dir_path = nullptr);
+  void enable_server_certificate_verification(bool enabled);
-    SSL_CTX* ctx_;
+  long get_openssl_verify_result() const;
-    std::mutex ctx_mutex_;
+  SSL_CTX* ssl_context() const noexcept;
+private:
+  virtual bool process_and_close_socket(
+      socket_t sock, size_t request_count,
+      std::function<bool(Stream &strm, bool last_connection,
+                         bool &connection_close)>
+          callback);
+  virtual bool is_ssl() const;
+  bool verify_host(X509 *server_cert) const;
+  bool verify_host_with_subject_alt_name(X509 *server_cert) const;
+  bool verify_host_with_common_name(X509 *server_cert) const;
+  bool check_host_name(const char *pattern, size_t pattern_len) const;
+  SSL_CTX *ctx_;
+  std::mutex ctx_mutex_;
+  std::vector<std::string> host_components_;
+  std::string ca_cert_file_path_;
+  std::string ca_cert_dir_path_;
+  bool server_certificate_verification_ = false;
+  long verify_result_ = 0;
 };
 #endif
@@ -360,913 +771,1237 @@ private:
 */
 namespace detail {
-template <class Fn>
+inline bool is_hex(char c, int &v) {
-void split(const char* b, const char* e, char d, Fn fn)
+  if (0x20 <= c && isdigit(c)) {
-{
+    v = c - '0';
-    int i = 0;
+    return true;
-    int beg = 0;
+  } else if ('A' <= c && c <= 'F') {
+    v = c - 'A' + 10;
+    return true;
+  } else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') {
+    v = c - 'a' + 10;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
-    while (e ? (b + i != e) : (b[i] != '\0')) {
+inline bool from_hex_to_i(const std::string &s, size_t i, size_t cnt,
-        if (b[i] == d) {
+                          int &val) {
-            fn(&b[beg], &b[i]);
+  if (i >= s.size()) { return false; }
-            beg = i + 1;
-        }
+  val = 0;
-        i++;
+  for (; cnt; i++, cnt--) {
+    if (!s[i]) { return false; }
+    int v = 0;
+    if (is_hex(s[i], v)) {
+      val = val * 16 + v;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+inline std::string from_i_to_hex(size_t n) {
+  const char *charset = "0123456789abcdef";
+  std::string ret;
+  do {
+    ret = charset[n & 15] + ret;
+    n >>= 4;
+  } while (n > 0);
+  return ret;
+}
+inline size_t to_utf8(int code, char *buff) {
+  if (code < 0x0080) {
+    buff[0] = (code & 0x7F);
+    return 1;
+  } else if (code < 0x0800) {
+    buff[0] = (0xC0 | ((code >> 6) & 0x1F));
+    buff[1] = (0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
+    return 2;
+  } else if (code < 0xD800) {
+    buff[0] = (0xE0 | ((code >> 12) & 0xF));
+    buff[1] = (0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
+    buff[2] = (0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
+    return 3;
+  } else if (code < 0xE000) { // D800 - DFFF is invalid...
+    return 0;
+  } else if (code < 0x10000) {
+    buff[0] = (0xE0 | ((code >> 12) & 0xF));
+    buff[1] = (0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
+    buff[2] = (0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
+    return 3;
+  } else if (code < 0x110000) {
+    buff[0] = (0xF0 | ((code >> 18) & 0x7));
+    buff[1] = (0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3F));
+    buff[2] = (0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
+    buff[3] = (0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
+    return 4;
+  }
+  // NOTREACHED
+  return 0;
+}
+// NOTE: This code came up with the following stackoverflow post:
+// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/180947/base64-decode-snippet-in-c
+inline std::string base64_encode(const std::string &in) {
+  static const auto lookup =
+      "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+  std::string out;
+  out.reserve(in.size());
+  int val = 0;
+  int valb = -6;
+  for (uint8_t c : in) {
+    val = (val << 8) + c;
+    valb += 8;
+    while (valb >= 0) {
+      out.push_back(lookup[(val >> valb) & 0x3F]);
+      valb -= 6;
    }
+  }
+  if (valb > -6) { out.push_back(lookup[((val << 8) >> (valb + 8)) & 0x3F]); }
+  while (out.size() % 4) {
+    out.push_back('=');
+  }
+  return out;
+}
-    if (i) {
+inline bool is_file(const std::string &path) {
-        fn(&b[beg], &b[i]);
+  struct stat st;
+  return stat(path.c_str(), &st) >= 0 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode);
+}
+inline bool is_dir(const std::string &path) {
+  struct stat st;
+  return stat(path.c_str(), &st) >= 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
+}
+inline bool is_valid_path(const std::string &path) {
+  size_t level = 0;
+  size_t i = 0;
+  // Skip slash
+  while (i < path.size() && path[i] == '/') {
+    i++;
+  }
+  while (i < path.size()) {
+    // Read component
+    auto beg = i;
+    while (i < path.size() && path[i] != '/') {
+      i++;
    }
+    auto len = i - beg;
+    assert(len > 0);
+    if (!path.compare(beg, len, ".")) {
+      ;
+    } else if (!path.compare(beg, len, "..")) {
+      if (level == 0) { return false; }
+      level--;
+    } else {
+      level++;
+    }
+    // Skip slash
+    while (i < path.size() && path[i] == '/') {
+      i++;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+inline void read_file(const std::string &path, std::string &out) {
+  std::ifstream fs(path, std::ios_base::binary);
+  fs.seekg(0, std::ios_base::end);
+  auto size = fs.tellg();
+  fs.seekg(0);
+  out.resize(static_cast<size_t>(size));
+  fs.read(&out[0], size);
+}
+inline std::string file_extension(const std::string &path) {
+  std::smatch m;
+  auto pat = std::regex("\\.([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$");
+  if (std::regex_search(path, m, pat)) { return m[1].str(); }
+  return std::string();
+}
+template <class Fn> void split(const char *b, const char *e, char d, Fn fn) {
+  int i = 0;
+  int beg = 0;
+  while (e ? (b + i != e) : (b[i] != '\0')) {
+    if (b[i] == d) {
+      fn(&b[beg], &b[i]);
+      beg = i + 1;
+    }
+    i++;
+  }
+  if (i) { fn(&b[beg], &b[i]); }
 }
 // NOTE: until the read size reaches `fixed_buffer_size`, use `fixed_buffer`
 // to store data. The call can set memory on stack for performance.
 class stream_line_reader {
 public:
-    stream_line_reader(Stream& strm, char* fixed_buffer, size_t fixed_buffer_size)
+  stream_line_reader(Stream &strm, char *fixed_buffer, size_t fixed_buffer_size)
-            : strm_(strm)
+      : strm_(strm), fixed_buffer_(fixed_buffer),
-            , fixed_buffer_(fixed_buffer)
+        fixed_buffer_size_(fixed_buffer_size) {}
-            , fixed_buffer_size_(fixed_buffer_size) {
+  const char *ptr() const {
+    if (glowable_buffer_.empty()) {
+      return fixed_buffer_;
+    } else {
+      return glowable_buffer_.data();
    }
+  }
-    const char* ptr() const {
+  size_t size() const {
-        if (glowable_buffer_.empty()) {
+    if (glowable_buffer_.empty()) {
-            return fixed_buffer_;
+      return fixed_buffer_used_size_;
-        } else {
+    } else {
-            return glowable_buffer_.data();
+      return glowable_buffer_.size();
-        }
    }
+  }
-    bool getline() {
+  bool getline() {
-        fixed_buffer_used_size_ = 0;
+    fixed_buffer_used_size_ = 0;
-        glowable_buffer_.clear();
+    glowable_buffer_.clear();
-        for (size_t i = 0; ; i++) {
-            char byte;
-            auto n = strm_.read(&byte, 1);
-            if (n < 0) {
-                return false;
-            } else if (n == 0) {
-                if (i == 0) {
-                    return false;
-                } else {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            append(byte);
+    for (size_t i = 0;; i++) {
+      char byte;
+      auto n = strm_.read(&byte, 1);
-            if (byte == '\n') {
+      if (n < 0) {
-                break;
+        return false;
-            }
+      } else if (n == 0) {
+        if (i == 0) {
+          return false;
+        } else {
+          break;
        }
+      }
-        return true;
+      append(byte);
-    }
-private:
+      if (byte == '\n') { break; }
-    void append(char c) {
-        if (fixed_buffer_used_size_ < fixed_buffer_size_ - 1) {
-            fixed_buffer_[fixed_buffer_used_size_++] = c;
-            fixed_buffer_[fixed_buffer_used_size_] = '\0';
-        } else {
-            if (glowable_buffer_.empty()) {
-                assert(fixed_buffer_[fixed_buffer_used_size_] == '\0');
-                glowable_buffer_.assign(fixed_buffer_, fixed_buffer_used_size_);
-            }
-            glowable_buffer_ += c;
-        }
    }
-    Stream& strm_;
+    return true;
-    char* fixed_buffer_;
+  }
-    const size_t fixed_buffer_size_;
-    size_t fixed_buffer_used_size_;
+private:
-    std::string glowable_buffer_;
+  void append(char c) {
+    if (fixed_buffer_used_size_ < fixed_buffer_size_ - 1) {
+      fixed_buffer_[fixed_buffer_used_size_++] = c;
+      fixed_buffer_[fixed_buffer_used_size_] = '\0';
+    } else {
+      if (glowable_buffer_.empty()) {
+        assert(fixed_buffer_[fixed_buffer_used_size_] == '\0');
+        glowable_buffer_.assign(fixed_buffer_, fixed_buffer_used_size_);
+      }
+      glowable_buffer_ += c;
+    }
+  }
+  Stream &strm_;
+  char *fixed_buffer_;
+  const size_t fixed_buffer_size_;
+  size_t fixed_buffer_used_size_;
+  std::string glowable_buffer_;
 };
-inline int close_socket(socket_t sock)
+inline int close_socket(socket_t sock) {
-{
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    return closesocket(sock);
+  return closesocket(sock);
 #else
-    return close(sock);
+  return close(sock);
 #endif
 }
-inline int select_read(socket_t sock, size_t sec, size_t usec)
+inline int select_read(socket_t sock, time_t sec, time_t usec) {
-{
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_USE_POLL
-    fd_set fds;
+  struct pollfd pfd_read;
-    FD_ZERO(&fds);
+  pfd_read.fd = sock;
-    FD_SET(sock, &fds);
+  pfd_read.events = POLLIN;
-    timeval tv;
+  auto timeout = static_cast<int>(sec * 1000 + usec / 1000);
-    tv.tv_sec = sec;
-    tv.tv_usec = usec;
-    return select(sock + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
+  return poll(&pfd_read, 1, timeout);
-}
+#else
+  fd_set fds;
+  FD_ZERO(&fds);
+  FD_SET(sock, &fds);
-inline bool wait_until_socket_is_ready(socket_t sock, size_t sec, size_t usec)
+  timeval tv;
-{
+  tv.tv_sec = static_cast<long>(sec);
-    fd_set fdsr;
+  tv.tv_usec = static_cast<long>(usec);
-    FD_ZERO(&fdsr);
-    FD_SET(sock, &fdsr);
-    auto fdsw = fdsr;
+  return select(static_cast<int>(sock + 1), &fds, nullptr, nullptr, &tv);
-    auto fdse = fdsr;
+#endif
+}
-    timeval tv;
+inline bool wait_until_socket_is_ready(socket_t sock, time_t sec, time_t usec) {
-    tv.tv_sec = sec;
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_USE_POLL
-    tv.tv_usec = usec;
+  struct pollfd pfd_read;
+  pfd_read.fd = sock;
+  pfd_read.events = POLLIN | POLLOUT;
-    if (select(sock + 1, &fdsr, &fdsw, &fdse, &tv) < 0) {
+  auto timeout = static_cast<int>(sec * 1000 + usec / 1000);
-        return false;
-    } else if (FD_ISSET(sock, &fdsr) || FD_ISSET(sock, &fdsw)) {
-        int error = 0;
-        socklen_t len = sizeof(error);
-        if (getsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, (char*)&error, &len) < 0 || error) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    } else {
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+  if (poll(&pfd_read, 1, timeout) > 0 &&
+      pfd_read.revents & (POLLIN | POLLOUT)) {
+    int error = 0;
+    socklen_t len = sizeof(error);
+    return getsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&error), &len) >= 0 &&
+           !error;
+  }
+  return false;
+#else
+  fd_set fdsr;
+  FD_ZERO(&fdsr);
+  FD_SET(sock, &fdsr);
+  auto fdsw = fdsr;
+  auto fdse = fdsr;
+  timeval tv;
+  tv.tv_sec = static_cast<long>(sec);
+  tv.tv_usec = static_cast<long>(usec);
+  if (select(static_cast<int>(sock + 1), &fdsr, &fdsw, &fdse, &tv) > 0 &&
+      (FD_ISSET(sock, &fdsr) || FD_ISSET(sock, &fdsw))) {
+    int error = 0;
+    socklen_t len = sizeof(error);
+    return getsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, (char *)&error, &len) >= 0 &&
+           !error;
+  }
+  return false;
+#endif
 }
 template <typename T>
-inline bool read_and_close_socket(socket_t sock, size_t keep_alive_max_count, T callback)
+inline bool process_and_close_socket(bool is_client_request, socket_t sock,
-{
+                                     size_t keep_alive_max_count, T callback) {
-    bool ret = false;
+  assert(keep_alive_max_count > 0);
-    if (keep_alive_max_count > 0) {
-        auto count = keep_alive_max_count;
-        while (count > 0 &&
-               detail::select_read(sock,
-                                   CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_SECOND,
-                                   CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_USECOND) > 0) {
-            SocketStream strm(sock);
-            auto last_connection = count == 1;
-            auto connection_close = false;
-            ret = callback(strm, last_connection, connection_close);
-            if (!ret || connection_close) {
-                break;
-            }
-            count--;
+  bool ret = false;
-        }
-    } else {
+  if (keep_alive_max_count > 1) {
-        SocketStream strm(sock);
+    auto count = keep_alive_max_count;
-        auto dummy_connection_close = false;
+    while (count > 0 &&
-        ret = callback(strm, true, dummy_connection_close);
+           (is_client_request ||
+            detail::select_read(sock, CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_SECOND,
+                                CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_USECOND) > 0)) {
+      SocketStream strm(sock);
+      auto last_connection = count == 1;
+      auto connection_close = false;
+      ret = callback(strm, last_connection, connection_close);
+      if (!ret || connection_close) { break; }
+      count--;
    }
+  } else {
+    SocketStream strm(sock);
+    auto dummy_connection_close = false;
+    ret = callback(strm, true, dummy_connection_close);
+  }
-    close_socket(sock);
+  close_socket(sock);
-    return ret;
+  return ret;
 }
-inline int shutdown_socket(socket_t sock)
+inline int shutdown_socket(socket_t sock) {
-{
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    return shutdown(sock, SD_BOTH);
+  return shutdown(sock, SD_BOTH);
 #else
-    return shutdown(sock, SHUT_RDWR);
+  return shutdown(sock, SHUT_RDWR);
 #endif
 }
 template <typename Fn>
-socket_t create_socket(const char* host, int port, Fn fn, int socket_flags = 0)
+socket_t create_socket(const char *host, int port, Fn fn,
-{
+                       int socket_flags = 0) {
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #define SO_SYNCHRONOUS_NONALERT 0x20
 #define SO_OPENTYPE 0x7008
-    int opt = SO_SYNCHRONOUS_NONALERT;
+  int opt = SO_SYNCHRONOUS_NONALERT;
-    setsockopt(INVALID_SOCKET, SOL_SOCKET, SO_OPENTYPE, (char*)&opt, sizeof(opt));
+  setsockopt(INVALID_SOCKET, SOL_SOCKET, SO_OPENTYPE, (char *)&opt,
+             sizeof(opt));
 #endif
-    // Get address info
+  // Get address info
-    struct addrinfo hints;
+  struct addrinfo hints;
-    struct addrinfo *result;
+  struct addrinfo *result;
-    memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
+  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
-    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+  hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
-    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
-    hints.ai_flags = socket_flags;
+  hints.ai_flags = socket_flags;
-    hints.ai_protocol = 0;
+  hints.ai_protocol = 0;
-    auto service = std::to_string(port);
+  auto service = std::to_string(port);
-    if (getaddrinfo(host, service.c_str(), &hints, &result)) {
+  if (getaddrinfo(host, service.c_str(), &hints, &result)) {
-        return INVALID_SOCKET;
+    return INVALID_SOCKET;
-    }
+  }
-    for (auto rp = result; rp; rp = rp->ai_next) {
+  for (auto rp = result; rp; rp = rp->ai_next) {
-        // Create a socket
+    // Create a socket
-        auto sock = socket(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol);
+#ifdef _WIN32
-        if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+    auto sock = WSASocketW(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol,
-            continue;
+                           nullptr, 0, WSA_FLAG_NO_HANDLE_INHERIT);
-        }
+#else
+    auto sock = socket(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol);
+#endif
+    if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) { continue; }
-        // Make 'reuse address' option available
+#ifndef _WIN32
-        int yes = 1;
+    if (fcntl(sock, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) { continue; }
-        setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char*)&yes, sizeof(yes));
+#endif
-        // bind or connect
+    // Make 'reuse address' option available
-        if (fn(sock, *rp)) {
+    int yes = 1;
-            freeaddrinfo(result);
+    setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&yes), sizeof(yes));
-            return sock;
+#ifdef SO_REUSEPORT
-        }
+    setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, reinterpret_cast<char*>(&yes), sizeof(yes));
+#endif
-        close_socket(sock);
+    // bind or connect
+    if (fn(sock, *rp)) {
+      freeaddrinfo(result);
+      return sock;
    }
-    freeaddrinfo(result);
+    close_socket(sock);
-    return INVALID_SOCKET;
+  }
+  freeaddrinfo(result);
+  return INVALID_SOCKET;
 }
-inline void set_nonblocking(socket_t sock, bool nonblocking)
+inline void set_nonblocking(socket_t sock, bool nonblocking) {
-{
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    auto flags = nonblocking ? 1UL : 0UL;
+  auto flags = nonblocking ? 1UL : 0UL;
-    ioctlsocket(sock, FIONBIO, &flags);
+  ioctlsocket(sock, FIONBIO, &flags);
 #else
-    auto flags = fcntl(sock, F_GETFL, 0);
+  auto flags = fcntl(sock, F_GETFL, 0);
-    fcntl(sock, F_SETFL, nonblocking ? (flags | O_NONBLOCK) : (flags & (~O_NONBLOCK)));
+  fcntl(sock, F_SETFL,
+        nonblocking ? (flags | O_NONBLOCK) : (flags & (~O_NONBLOCK)));
 #endif
 }
-inline bool is_connection_error()
+inline bool is_connection_error() {
-{
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    return WSAGetLastError() != WSAEWOULDBLOCK;
+  return WSAGetLastError() != WSAEWOULDBLOCK;
 #else
-    return errno != EINPROGRESS;
+  return errno != EINPROGRESS;
 #endif
 }
 inline std::string get_remote_addr(socket_t sock) {
-    struct sockaddr_storage addr;
+  struct sockaddr_storage addr;
-    socklen_t len = sizeof(addr);
+  socklen_t len = sizeof(addr);
+  if (!getpeername(sock, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), &len)) {
+    char ipstr[NI_MAXHOST];
+    if (!getnameinfo(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), len, ipstr, sizeof(ipstr),
+                     nullptr, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) {
+      return ipstr;
+    }
+  }
+  return std::string();
+}
+inline const char *find_content_type(const std::string &path) {
+  auto ext = file_extension(path);
+  if (ext == "txt") {
+    return "text/plain";
+  } else if (ext == "html") {
+    return "text/html";
+  } else if (ext == "css") {
+    return "text/css";
+  } else if (ext == "jpeg" || ext == "jpg") {
+    return "image/jpg";
+  } else if (ext == "png") {
+    return "image/png";
+  } else if (ext == "gif") {
+    return "image/gif";
+  } else if (ext == "svg") {
+    return "image/svg+xml";
+  } else if (ext == "ico") {
+    return "image/x-icon";
+  } else if (ext == "json") {
+    return "application/json";
+  } else if (ext == "pdf") {
+    return "application/pdf";
+  } else if (ext == "js") {
+    return "application/javascript";
+  } else if (ext == "xml") {
+    return "application/xml";
+  } else if (ext == "xhtml") {
+    return "application/xhtml+xml";
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+inline const char *status_message(int status) {
+  switch (status) {
+  case 200: return "OK";
+  case 206: return "Partial Content";
+  case 301: return "Moved Permanently";
+  case 302: return "Found";
+  case 303: return "See Other";
+  case 304: return "Not Modified";
+  case 400: return "Bad Request";
+  case 403: return "Forbidden";
+  case 404: return "Not Found";
+  case 413: return "Payload Too Large";
+  case 414: return "Request-URI Too Long";
+  case 415: return "Unsupported Media Type";
+  case 416: return "Range Not Satisfiable";
+  default:
+  case 500: return "Internal Server Error";
+  }
+}
-    if (!getpeername(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, &len)) {
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
-        char ipstr[NI_MAXHOST];
+inline bool can_compress(const std::string &content_type) {
+  return !content_type.find("text/") || content_type == "image/svg+xml" ||
+         content_type == "application/javascript" ||
+         content_type == "application/json" ||
+         content_type == "application/xml" ||
+         content_type == "application/xhtml+xml";
+}
-        if (!getnameinfo((struct sockaddr*)&addr, len,
+inline bool compress(std::string &content) {
-                         ipstr, sizeof(ipstr), nullptr, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) {
+  z_stream strm;
-            return ipstr;
+  strm.zalloc = Z_NULL;
-        }
+  strm.zfree = Z_NULL;
-    }
+  strm.opaque = Z_NULL;
-    return std::string();
+  auto ret = deflateInit2(&strm, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION, Z_DEFLATED, 31, 8,
-}
+                          Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
+  if (ret != Z_OK) { return false; }
-inline bool is_file(const std::string& path)
+  strm.avail_in = content.size();
-{
+  strm.next_in = const_cast<Bytef*>(reinterpret_cast<const Bytef*>(content.data()));
-    struct stat st;
-    return stat(path.c_str(), &st) >= 0 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode);
+  std::string compressed;
-}
+  const auto bufsiz = 16384;
+  char buff[bufsiz];
+  do {
+    strm.avail_out = bufsiz;
+    strm.next_out = reinterpret_cast<Bytef*>(buff);
+    ret = deflate(&strm, Z_FINISH);
+    assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);
+    compressed.append(buff, bufsiz - strm.avail_out);
+  } while (strm.avail_out == 0);
+  assert(ret == Z_STREAM_END);
+  assert(strm.avail_in == 0);
-inline bool is_dir(const std::string& path)
+  content.swap(compressed);
-{
-    struct stat st;
+  deflateEnd(&strm);
-    return stat(path.c_str(), &st) >= 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
+  return true;
 }
-inline bool is_valid_path(const std::string& path) {
+class decompressor {
-    size_t level = 0;
+public:
-    size_t i = 0;
+  decompressor() {
+    strm.zalloc = Z_NULL;
+    strm.zfree = Z_NULL;
+    strm.opaque = Z_NULL;
-    // Skip slash
+    // 15 is the value of wbits, which should be at the maximum possible value
-    while (i < path.size() && path[i] == '/') {
+    // to ensure that any gzip stream can be decoded. The offset of 16 specifies
-        i++;
+    // that the stream to decompress will be formatted with a gzip wrapper.
-    }
+    is_valid_ = inflateInit2(&strm, 16 + 15) == Z_OK;
+  }
-    while (i < path.size()) {
+  ~decompressor() { inflateEnd(&strm); }
-        // Read component
-        auto beg = i;
-        while (i < path.size() && path[i] != '/') {
-            i++;
-        }
-        auto len = i - beg;
+  bool is_valid() const { return is_valid_; }
-        assert(len > 0);
-        if (!path.compare(beg, len, ".")) {
+  template <typename T>
-            ;
+  bool decompress(const char *data, size_t data_length, T callback) {
-        } else if (!path.compare(beg, len, "..")) {
+    int ret = Z_OK;
-            if (level == 0) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            level--;
-        } else {
-            level++;
-        }
-        // Skip slash
+    strm.avail_in = data_length;
-        while (i < path.size() && path[i] == '/') {
+    strm.next_in = const_cast<Bytef*>(reinterpret_cast<const Bytef *>(data));
-            i++;
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
+    const auto bufsiz = 16384;
-}
+    char buff[bufsiz];
+    do {
+      strm.avail_out = bufsiz;
+      strm.next_out = reinterpret_cast<Bytef*>(buff);
+      ret = inflate(&strm, Z_NO_FLUSH);
+      assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);
+      switch (ret) {
+      case Z_NEED_DICT:
+      case Z_DATA_ERROR:
+      case Z_MEM_ERROR: inflateEnd(&strm); return false;
+      }
+      if (!callback(buff, bufsiz - strm.avail_out)) { return false; }
+    } while (strm.avail_out == 0);
-inline void read_file(const std::string& path, std::string& out)
+    return ret == Z_STREAM_END;
-{
+  }
-    std::ifstream fs(path, std::ios_base::binary);
-    fs.seekg(0, std::ios_base::end);
-    auto size = fs.tellg();
-    fs.seekg(0);
-    out.resize(static_cast<size_t>(size));
-    fs.read(&out[0], size);
-}
-inline std::string file_extension(const std::string& path)
+private:
-{
+  bool is_valid_;
-    std::smatch m;
+  z_stream strm;
-    auto pat = std::regex("\\.([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$");
+};
-    if (std::regex_search(path, m, pat)) {
+#endif
-        return m[1].str();
-    }
+inline bool has_header(const Headers &headers, const char *key) {
-    return std::string();
+  return headers.find(key) != headers.end();
-}
-inline const char* find_content_type(const std::string& path)
-{
-    auto ext = file_extension(path);
-    if (ext == "txt") {
-        return "text/plain";
-    } else if (ext == "html") {
-        return "text/html";
-    } else if (ext == "css") {
-        return "text/css";
-    } else if (ext == "jpeg" || ext == "jpg") {
-        return "image/jpg";
-    } else if (ext == "png") {
-        return "image/png";
-    } else if (ext == "gif") {
-        return "image/gif";
-    } else if (ext == "svg") {
-        return "image/svg+xml";
-    } else if (ext == "ico") {
-        return "image/x-icon";
-    } else if (ext == "json") {
-        return "application/json";
-    } else if (ext == "pdf") {
-        return "application/pdf";
-    } else if (ext == "js") {
-        return "application/javascript";
-    } else if (ext == "xml") {
-        return "application/xml";
-    } else if (ext == "xhtml") {
-        return "application/xhtml+xml";
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-}
-inline const char* status_message(int status)
-{
-    switch (status) {
-        case 200: return "OK";
-        case 301: return "Moved Permanently";
-        case 302: return "Found";
-        case 303: return "See Other";
-        case 304: return "Not Modified";
-        case 400: return "Bad Request";
-        case 403: return "Forbidden";
-        case 404: return "Not Found";
-        case 415: return "Unsupported Media Type";
-        default:
-        case 500: return "Internal Server Error";
-    }
 }
-inline const char* get_header_value(const Headers& headers, const char* key, const char* def)
+inline const char *get_header_value(const Headers &headers, const char *key,
-{
+                                    size_t id = 0, const char *def = nullptr) {
-    auto it = headers.find(key);
+  auto it = headers.find(key);
-    if (it != headers.end()) {
+  std::advance(it, id);
-        return it->second.c_str();
+  if (it != headers.end()) { return it->second.c_str(); }
-    }
+  return def;
-    return def;
 }
-inline int get_header_value_int(const Headers& headers, const char* key, int def)
+inline uint64_t get_header_value_uint64(const Headers &headers, const char *key,
-{
+                                        int def = 0) {
-    auto it = headers.find(key);
+  auto it = headers.find(key);
-    if (it != headers.end()) {
+  if (it != headers.end()) {
-        return std::stoi(it->second);
+    return std::strtoull(it->second.data(), nullptr, 10);
-    }
+  }
-    return def;
+  return def;
 }
-inline bool read_headers(Stream& strm, Headers& headers)
+inline bool read_headers(Stream &strm, Headers &headers) {
-{
+  static std::regex re(R"((.+?):\s*(.+?)\s*\r\n)");
-    static std::regex re(R"((.+?):\s*(.+?)\s*\r\n)");
-    const auto bufsiz = 2048;
+  const auto bufsiz = 2048;
-    char buf[bufsiz];
+  char buf[bufsiz];
-    stream_line_reader reader(strm, buf, bufsiz);
+  stream_line_reader reader(strm, buf, bufsiz);
-    for (;;) {
+  for (;;) {
-        if (!reader.getline()) {
+    if (!reader.getline()) { return false; }
-            return false;
+    if (!strcmp(reader.ptr(), "\r\n")) { break; }
-        }
+    std::cmatch m;
-        if (!strcmp(reader.ptr(), "\r\n")) {
+    if (std::regex_match(reader.ptr(), m, re)) {
-            break;
+      auto key = std::string(m[1]);
-        }
+      auto val = std::string(m[2]);
-        std::cmatch m;
+      headers.emplace(key, val);
-        if (std::regex_match(reader.ptr(), m, re)) {
-            auto key = std::string(m[1]);
-            auto val = std::string(m[2]);
-            headers.emplace(key, val);
-        }
    }
+  }
-    return true;
+  return true;
 }
-inline bool read_content_with_length(Stream& strm, std::string& out, size_t len, Progress progress)
+typedef std::function<bool(const char *data, size_t data_length)>
-{
+    ContentReceiverCore;
-    out.assign(len, 0);
-    size_t r = 0;
-    while (r < len){
-        auto n = strm.read(&out[r], len - r);
-        if (n <= 0) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        r += n;
+inline bool read_content_with_length(Stream &strm, uint64_t len,
+                                     Progress progress,
+                                     ContentReceiverCore out) {
+  char buf[CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ];
-        if (progress) {
+  uint64_t r = 0;
-            progress(r, len);
+  while (r < len) {
-        }
+    auto read_len = static_cast<size_t>(len - r);
-    }
+    auto n = strm.read(buf, std::min(read_len, CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ));
+    if (n <= 0) { return false; }
-    return true;
+    if (!out(buf, n)) { return false; }
-}
-inline bool read_content_without_length(Stream& strm, std::string& out)
+    r += n;
-{
-    for (;;) {
+    if (progress) {
-        char byte;
+      if (!progress(r, len)) { return false; }
-        auto n = strm.read(&byte, 1);
-        if (n < 0) {
-            return false;
-        } else if (n == 0) {
-            return true;
-        }
-        out += byte;
    }
+  }
-    return true;
+  return true;
 }
-inline bool read_content_chunked(Stream& strm, std::string& out)
+inline void skip_content_with_length(Stream &strm, uint64_t len) {
-{
+  char buf[CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ];
-    const auto bufsiz = 16;
+  uint64_t r = 0;
-    char buf[bufsiz];
+  while (r < len) {
+    auto read_len = static_cast<size_t>(len - r);
-    stream_line_reader reader(strm, buf, bufsiz);
+    auto n = strm.read(buf, std::min(read_len, CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ));
+    if (n <= 0) { return; }
+    r += n;
+  }
+}
-    if (!reader.getline()) {
+inline bool read_content_without_length(Stream &strm, ContentReceiverCore out) {
-        return false;
+  char buf[CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ];
+  for (;;) {
+    auto n = strm.read(buf, CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ);
+    if (n < 0) {
+      return false;
+    } else if (n == 0) {
+      return true;
    }
+    if (!out(buf, n)) { return false; }
+  }
-    auto chunk_len = std::stoi(reader.ptr(), 0, 16);
+  return true;
+}
-    while (chunk_len > 0){
+inline bool read_content_chunked(Stream &strm, ContentReceiverCore out) {
-        std::string chunk;
+  const auto bufsiz = 16;
-        if (!read_content_with_length(strm, chunk, chunk_len, nullptr)) {
+  char buf[bufsiz];
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (!reader.getline()) {
+  stream_line_reader reader(strm, buf, bufsiz);
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (strcmp(reader.ptr(), "\r\n")) {
+  if (!reader.getline()) { return false; }
-            break;
-        }
-        out += chunk;
+  auto chunk_len = std::stoi(reader.ptr(), 0, 16);
-        if (!reader.getline()) {
+  while (chunk_len > 0) {
-            return false;
+    if (!read_content_with_length(strm, chunk_len, nullptr, out)) {
-        }
+      return false;
-        chunk_len = std::stoi(reader.ptr(), 0, 16);
    }
-    if (chunk_len == 0) {
+    if (!reader.getline()) { return false; }
-        // Reader terminator after chunks
-        if (!reader.getline() || strcmp(reader.ptr(), "\r\n"))
-            return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+    if (strcmp(reader.ptr(), "\r\n")) { break; }
-}
-template <typename T>
+    if (!reader.getline()) { return false; }
-bool read_content(Stream& strm, T& x, Progress progress = Progress())
-{
-    auto len = get_header_value_int(x.headers, "Content-Length", 0);
-    if (len) {
+    chunk_len = std::stoi(reader.ptr(), 0, 16);
-        return read_content_with_length(strm, x.body, len, progress);
+  }
-    } else {
-        const auto& encoding = get_header_value(x.headers, "Transfer-Encoding", "");
-        if (!strcasecmp(encoding, "chunked")) {
+  if (chunk_len == 0) {
-            return read_content_chunked(strm, x.body);
+    // Reader terminator after chunks
-        } else {
+    if (!reader.getline() || strcmp(reader.ptr(), "\r\n")) return false;
-            return read_content_without_length(strm, x.body);
+  }
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
+  return true;
+}
+inline bool is_chunked_transfer_encoding(const Headers &headers) {
+  return !strcasecmp(get_header_value(headers, "Transfer-Encoding", 0, ""),
+                     "chunked");
 }
 template <typename T>
-inline void write_headers(Stream& strm, const T& info)
+bool read_content(Stream &strm, T &x, size_t payload_max_length, int &status,
-{
+                  Progress progress, ContentReceiverCore receiver) {
-    for (const auto& x: info.headers) {
-        strm.write_format("%s: %s\r\n", x.first.c_str(), x.second.c_str());
-    }
-    strm.write("\r\n");
-}
-inline std::string encode_url(const std::string& s)
-{
-    std::string result;
-    for (auto i = 0; s[i]; i++) {
-        switch (s[i]) {
-            case ' ':  result += "+"; break;
-            case '\'': result += "%27"; break;
-            case ',':  result += "%2C"; break;
-            case ':':  result += "%3A"; break;
-            case ';':  result += "%3B"; break;
-            default:
-                if (s[i] < 0) {
-                    result += '%';
-                    char hex[4];
-                    size_t len = snprintf(hex, sizeof(hex) - 1, "%02X", (unsigned char)s[i]);
-                    assert(len == 2);
-                    result.append(hex, len);
-                } else {
-                    result += s[i];
-                }
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-    return result;
+  ContentReceiverCore out = [&](const char *buf, size_t n) {
-}
+    return receiver(buf, n);
+  };
-inline bool is_hex(char c, int& v)
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
-{
+  detail::decompressor decompressor;
-    if (0x20 <= c && isdigit(c)) {
-        v = c - '0';
+  if (!decompressor.is_valid()) {
-        return true;
+    status = 500;
-    } else if ('A' <= c && c <= 'F') {
-        v = c - 'A' + 10;
-        return true;
-    } else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') {
-        v = c - 'a' + 10;
-        return true;
-    }
    return false;
-}
+  }
+  if (x.get_header_value("Content-Encoding") == "gzip") {
+    out = [&](const char *buf, size_t n) {
+      return decompressor.decompress(
+          buf, n, [&](const char *buf, size_t n) { return receiver(buf, n); });
+    };
+  }
+#else
+  if (x.get_header_value("Content-Encoding") == "gzip") {
+    status = 415;
+    return false;
+  }
+#endif
-inline bool from_hex_to_i(const std::string& s, size_t i, size_t cnt, int& val)
+  auto ret = true;
-{
+  auto exceed_payload_max_length = false;
-    if (i >= s.size()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    val = 0;
+  if (is_chunked_transfer_encoding(x.headers)) {
-    for (; cnt; i++, cnt--) {
+    ret = read_content_chunked(strm, out);
-        if (!s[i]) {
+  } else if (!has_header(x.headers, "Content-Length")) {
-            return false;
+    ret = read_content_without_length(strm, out);
-        }
+  } else {
-        int v = 0;
+    auto len = get_header_value_uint64(x.headers, "Content-Length", 0);
-        if (is_hex(s[i], v)) {
+    if (len > payload_max_length) {
-            val = val * 16 + v;
+      exceed_payload_max_length = true;
-        } else {
+      skip_content_with_length(strm, len);
-            return false;
+      ret = false;
-        }
+    } else if (len > 0) {
+      ret = read_content_with_length(strm, len, progress, out);
    }
-    return true;
+  }
+  if (!ret) { status = exceed_payload_max_length ? 413 : 400; }
+  return ret;
 }
-inline size_t to_utf8(int code, char* buff)
+template <typename T>
-{
+inline int write_headers(Stream &strm, const T &info, const Headers &headers) {
-    if (code < 0x0080) {
+  auto write_len = 0;
-        buff[0] = (code & 0x7F);
+  for (const auto &x : info.headers) {
-        return 1;
+    auto len =
-    } else if (code < 0x0800) {
+        strm.write_format("%s: %s\r\n", x.first.c_str(), x.second.c_str());
-        buff[0] = (0xC0 | ((code >> 6) & 0x1F));
+    if (len < 0) { return len; }
-        buff[1] = (0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
+    write_len += len;
-        return 2;
+  }
-    } else if (code < 0xD800) {
+  for (const auto &x : headers) {
-        buff[0] = (0xE0 | ((code >> 12) & 0xF));
+    auto len =
-        buff[1] = (0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
+        strm.write_format("%s: %s\r\n", x.first.c_str(), x.second.c_str());
-        buff[2] = (0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
+    if (len < 0) { return len; }
-        return 3;
+    write_len += len;
-    } else if (code < 0xE000)  { // D800 - DFFF is invalid...
+  }
-        return 0;
+  auto len = strm.write("\r\n");
-    } else if (code < 0x10000) {
+  if (len < 0) { return len; }
-        buff[0] = (0xE0 | ((code >> 12) & 0xF));
+  write_len += len;
-        buff[1] = (0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
+  return write_len;
-        buff[2] = (0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
+}
-        return 3;
-    } else if (code < 0x110000) {
+inline ssize_t write_content(Stream &strm, ContentProvider content_provider,
-        buff[0] = (0xF0 | ((code >> 18) & 0x7));
+                             size_t offset, size_t length) {
-        buff[1] = (0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3F));
+  size_t begin_offset = offset;
-        buff[2] = (0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
+  size_t end_offset = offset + length;
-        buff[3] = (0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
+  while (offset < end_offset) {
-        return 4;
+    ssize_t written_length = 0;
-    }
+    content_provider(
+        offset, end_offset - offset,
+        [&](const char *d, size_t l) {
+          offset += l;
+          written_length = strm.write(d, l);
+        },
+        [&](void) { written_length = -1; });
+    if (written_length < 0) { return written_length; }
+  }
+  return static_cast<ssize_t>(offset - begin_offset);
+}
+inline ssize_t write_content_chunked(Stream &strm,
+                                     ContentProvider content_provider) {
+  size_t offset = 0;
+  auto data_available = true;
+  ssize_t total_written_length = 0;
+  while (data_available) {
+    ssize_t written_length = 0;
+    content_provider(
+        offset, 0,
+        [&](const char *d, size_t l) {
+          data_available = l > 0;
+          offset += l;
+          // Emit chunked response header and footer for each chunk
+          auto chunk = from_i_to_hex(l) + "\r\n" + std::string(d, l) + "\r\n";
+          written_length = strm.write(chunk);
+        },
+        [&](void) {
+          data_available = false;
+          written_length = strm.write("0\r\n\r\n");
+        });
-    // NOTREACHED
+    if (written_length < 0) { return written_length; }
-    return 0;
+    total_written_length += written_length;
+  }
+  return total_written_length;
 }
-inline std::string decode_url(const std::string& s)
+template <typename T>
-{
+inline bool redirect(T &cli, const Request &req, Response &res,
-    std::string result;
+                     const std::string &path) {
+  Request new_req;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); i++) {
+  new_req.method = req.method;
-        if (s[i] == '%' && i + 1 < s.size()) {
+  new_req.path = path;
-            if (s[i + 1] == 'u') {
+  new_req.headers = req.headers;
-                int val = 0;
+  new_req.body = req.body;
-                if (from_hex_to_i(s, i + 2, 4, val)) {
+  new_req.redirect_count = req.redirect_count - 1;
-                    // 4 digits Unicode codes
+  new_req.response_handler = req.response_handler;
-                    char buff[4];
+  new_req.content_receiver = req.content_receiver;
-                    size_t len = to_utf8(val, buff);
+  new_req.progress = req.progress;
-                    if (len > 0) {
-                        result.append(buff, len);
+  Response new_res;
-                    }
+  auto ret = cli.send(new_req, new_res);
-                    i += 5; // 'u0000'
+  if (ret) { res = new_res; }
-                } else {
+  return ret;
-                    result += s[i];
+}
-                }
-            } else {
+inline std::string encode_url(const std::string &s) {
-                int val = 0;
+  std::string result;
-                if (from_hex_to_i(s, i + 1, 2, val)) {
-                    // 2 digits hex codes
+  for (auto i = 0; s[i]; i++) {
-                    result += val;
+    switch (s[i]) {
-                    i += 2; // '00'
+    case ' ': result += "%20"; break;
-                } else {
+    case '+': result += "%2B"; break;
-                    result += s[i];
+    case '\r': result += "%0D"; break;
-                }
+    case '\n': result += "%0A"; break;
-            }
+    case '\'': result += "%27"; break;
-        } else if (s[i] == '+') {
+    case ',': result += "%2C"; break;
-            result += ' ';
+    case ':': result += "%3A"; break;
+    case ';': result += "%3B"; break;
+    default:
+      auto c = static_cast<uint8_t>(s[i]);
+      if (c >= 0x80) {
+        result += '%';
+        char hex[4];
+        size_t len = snprintf(hex, sizeof(hex) - 1, "%02X", c);
+        assert(len == 2);
+        result.append(hex, len);
+      } else {
+        result += s[i];
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+inline std::string decode_url(const std::string &s) {
+  std::string result;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); i++) {
+    if (s[i] == '%' && i + 1 < s.size()) {
+      if (s[i + 1] == 'u') {
+        int val = 0;
+        if (from_hex_to_i(s, i + 2, 4, val)) {
+          // 4 digits Unicode codes
+          char buff[4];
+          size_t len = to_utf8(val, buff);
+          if (len > 0) { result.append(buff, len); }
+          i += 5; // 'u0000'
        } else {
-            result += s[i];
+          result += s[i];
        }
+      } else {
+        int val = 0;
+        if (from_hex_to_i(s, i + 1, 2, val)) {
+          // 2 digits hex codes
+          result += static_cast<char>(val);
+          i += 2; // '00'
+        } else {
+          result += s[i];
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (s[i] == '+') {
+      result += ' ';
+    } else {
+      result += s[i];
    }
+  }
-    return result;
+  return result;
 }
-inline void parse_query_text(const std::string& s, Params& params)
+inline void parse_query_text(const std::string &s, Params &params) {
-{
+  split(&s[0], &s[s.size()], '&', [&](const char *b, const char *e) {
-    split(&s[0], &s[s.size()], '&', [&](const char* b, const char* e) {
+    std::string key;
-        std::string key;
+    std::string val;
-        std::string val;
+    split(b, e, '=', [&](const char *b, const char *e) {
-        split(b, e, '=', [&](const char* b, const char* e) {
+      if (key.empty()) {
-            if (key.empty()) {
+        key.assign(b, e);
-                key.assign(b, e);
+      } else {
-            } else {
+        val.assign(b, e);
-                val.assign(b, e);
+      }
-            }
-        });
-        params.emplace(key, decode_url(val));
    });
+    params.emplace(key, decode_url(val));
+  });
 }
-inline bool parse_multipart_boundary(const std::string& content_type, std::string& boundary)
+inline bool parse_multipart_boundary(const std::string &content_type,
-{
+                                     std::string &boundary) {
-    auto pos = content_type.find("boundary=");
+  auto pos = content_type.find("boundary=");
-    if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+  if (pos == std::string::npos) { return false; }
-        return false;
-    }
-    boundary = content_type.substr(pos + 9);
+  boundary = content_type.substr(pos + 9);
-    return true;
+  return true;
 }
-inline bool parse_multipart_formdata(
+inline bool parse_multipart_formdata(const std::string &boundary,
-        const std::string& boundary, const std::string& body, MultipartFiles& files)
+                                     const std::string &body,
-{
+                                     MultipartFiles &files) {
-    static std::string dash = "--";
+  static std::string dash = "--";
-    static std::string crlf = "\r\n";
+  static std::string crlf = "\r\n";
-    static std::regex re_content_type(
+  static std::regex re_content_type("Content-Type: (.*?)",
-            "Content-Type: (.*?)", std::regex_constants::icase);
+                                    std::regex_constants::icase);
-    static std::regex re_content_disposition(
+  static std::regex re_content_disposition(
-            "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"(.*?)\"(?:; filename=\"(.*?)\")?",
+      "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"(.*?)\"(?:; filename=\"(.*?)\")?",
-            std::regex_constants::icase);
+      std::regex_constants::icase);
-    auto dash_boundary = dash + boundary;
+  auto dash_boundary = dash + boundary;
-    auto pos = body.find(dash_boundary);
+  auto pos = body.find(dash_boundary);
-    if (pos != 0) {
+  if (pos != 0) { return false; }
-        return false;
-    }
-    pos += dash_boundary.size();
+  pos += dash_boundary.size();
-    auto next_pos = body.find(crlf, pos);
+  auto next_pos = body.find(crlf, pos);
-    if (next_pos == std::string::npos) {
+  if (next_pos == std::string::npos) { return false; }
-        return false;
-    }
-    pos = next_pos + crlf.size();
+  pos = next_pos + crlf.size();
-    while (pos < body.size()) {
+  while (pos < body.size()) {
-        next_pos = body.find(crlf, pos);
+    next_pos = body.find(crlf, pos);
-        if (next_pos == std::string::npos) {
+    if (next_pos == std::string::npos) { return false; }
-            return false;
-        }
-        std::string name;
+    std::string name;
-        MultipartFile file;
+    MultipartFile file;
-        auto header = body.substr(pos, (next_pos - pos));
+    auto header = body.substr(pos, (next_pos - pos));
-        while (pos != next_pos) {
+    while (pos != next_pos) {
-            std::smatch m;
+      std::smatch m;
-            if (std::regex_match(header, m, re_content_type)) {
+      if (std::regex_match(header, m, re_content_type)) {
-                file.content_type = m[1];
+        file.content_type = m[1];
-            } else if (std::regex_match(header, m, re_content_disposition)) {
+      } else if (std::regex_match(header, m, re_content_disposition)) {
-                name = m[1];
+        name = m[1];
-                file.filename = m[2];
+        file.filename = m[2];
-            }
+      }
-            pos = next_pos + crlf.size();
+      pos = next_pos + crlf.size();
-            next_pos = body.find(crlf, pos);
+      next_pos = body.find(crlf, pos);
-            if (next_pos == std::string::npos) {
+      if (next_pos == std::string::npos) { return false; }
-                return false;
-            }
-            header = body.substr(pos, (next_pos - pos));
+      header = body.substr(pos, (next_pos - pos));
-        }
+    }
-        pos = next_pos + crlf.size();
+    pos = next_pos + crlf.size();
-        next_pos = body.find(crlf + dash_boundary, pos);
+    next_pos = body.find(crlf + dash_boundary, pos);
-        if (next_pos == std::string::npos) {
+    if (next_pos == std::string::npos) { return false; }
-            return false;
-        }
-        file.offset = pos;
+    file.offset = pos;
-        file.length = next_pos - pos;
+    file.length = next_pos - pos;
-        pos = next_pos + crlf.size() + dash_boundary.size();
+    pos = next_pos + crlf.size() + dash_boundary.size();
-        next_pos = body.find(crlf, pos);
+    next_pos = body.find(crlf, pos);
-        if (next_pos == std::string::npos) {
+    if (next_pos == std::string::npos) { return false; }
-            return false;
-        }
-        files.emplace(name, file);
+    files.emplace(name, file);
-        pos = next_pos + crlf.size();
+    pos = next_pos + crlf.size();
-    }
+  }
-    return true;
+  return true;
 }
-inline std::string to_lower(const char* beg, const char* end)
+inline bool parse_range_header(const std::string &s, Ranges &ranges) {
-{
+  try {
-    std::string out;
+    static auto re = std::regex(R"(bytes=(\d*-\d*(?:,\s*\d*-\d*)*))");
-    auto it = beg;
+    std::smatch m;
-    while (it != end) {
+    if (std::regex_match(s, m, re)) {
-        out += ::tolower(*it);
+      auto pos = m.position(1);
-        it++;
+      auto len = m.length(1);
+      detail::split(&s[pos], &s[pos + len], ',',
+                    [&](const char *b, const char *e) {
+                      static auto re = std::regex(R"(\s*(\d*)-(\d*))");
+                      std::cmatch m;
+                      if (std::regex_match(b, e, m, re)) {
+                        ssize_t first = -1;
+                        if (!m.str(1).empty()) {
+                          first = static_cast<ssize_t>(std::stoll(m.str(1)));
+                        }
+                        ssize_t last = -1;
+                        if (!m.str(2).empty()) {
+                          last = static_cast<ssize_t>(std::stoll(m.str(2)));
+                        }
+                        if (first != -1 && last != -1 && first > last) {
+                          throw std::runtime_error("invalid range error");
+                        }
+                        ranges.emplace_back(std::make_pair(first, last));
+                      }
+                    });
+      return true;
    }
-    return out;
+    return false;
+  } catch (...) { return false; }
+}
+inline std::string to_lower(const char *beg, const char *end) {
+  std::string out;
+  auto it = beg;
+  while (it != end) {
+    out += static_cast<char>(::tolower(*it));
+    it++;
+  }
+  return out;
 }
-inline void make_range_header_core(std::string&) {}
+inline std::string make_multipart_data_boundary() {
+  static const char data[] =
+      "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
-template<typename uint64_t>
+  std::random_device seed_gen;
-inline void make_range_header_core(std::string& field, uint64_t value)
+  std::mt19937 engine(seed_gen());
-{
-    if (!field.empty()) {
+  std::string result = "--cpp-httplib-multipart-data-";
-        field += ", ";
-    }
+  for (auto i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-    field += std::to_string(value) + "-";
+    result += data[engine() % (sizeof(data) - 1)];
+  }
+  return result;
 }
-template<typename uint64_t, typename... Args>
+inline std::pair<size_t, size_t>
-inline void make_range_header_core(std::string& field, uint64_t value1, uint64_t value2, Args... args)
+get_range_offset_and_length(const Request &req, size_t content_length,
-{
+                            size_t index) {
-    if (!field.empty()) {
+  auto r = req.ranges[index];
-        field += ", ";
-    }
+  if (r.first == -1 && r.second == -1) {
-    field += std::to_string(value1) + "-" + std::to_string(value2);
+    return std::make_pair(0, content_length);
-    make_range_header_core(field, args...);
+  }
+  if (r.first == -1) {
+    r.first = content_length - r.second;
+    r.second = content_length - 1;
+  }
+  if (r.second == -1) { r.second = content_length - 1; }
+  return std::make_pair(r.first, r.second - r.first + 1);
 }
-#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
+inline std::string make_content_range_header_field(size_t offset, size_t length,
-inline bool can_compress(const std::string& content_type) {
+                                                   size_t content_length) {
-    return !content_type.find("text/") ||
+  std::string field = "bytes ";
-        content_type == "image/svg+xml" ||
+  field += std::to_string(offset);
-        content_type == "application/javascript" ||
+  field += "-";
-        content_type == "application/json" ||
+  field += std::to_string(offset + length - 1);
-        content_type == "application/xml" ||
+  field += "/";
-        content_type == "application/xhtml+xml";
+  field += std::to_string(content_length);
-}
+  return field;
+}
-inline void compress(std::string& content)
-{
-    z_stream strm;
-    strm.zalloc = Z_NULL;
-    strm.zfree = Z_NULL;
-    strm.opaque = Z_NULL;
-    auto ret = deflateInit2(&strm, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION, Z_DEFLATED, 31, 8, Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
+template <typename SToken, typename CToken, typename Content>
-    if (ret != Z_OK) {
+bool process_multipart_ranges_data(const Request &req, Response &res,
-        return;
+                                   const std::string &boundary,
+                                   const std::string &content_type,
+                                   SToken stoken, CToken ctoken,
+                                   Content content) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < req.ranges.size(); i++) {
+    ctoken("--");
+    stoken(boundary);
+    ctoken("\r\n");
+    if (!content_type.empty()) {
+      ctoken("Content-Type: ");
+      stoken(content_type);
+      ctoken("\r\n");
    }
-    strm.avail_in = content.size();
+    auto offsets = detail::get_range_offset_and_length(req, res.body.size(), i);
-    strm.next_in = (Bytef *)content.data();
+    auto offset = offsets.first;
+    auto length = offsets.second;
-    std::string compressed;
+    ctoken("Content-Range: ");
+    stoken(make_content_range_header_field(offset, length, res.body.size()));
+    ctoken("\r\n");
+    ctoken("\r\n");
+    if (!content(offset, length)) { return false; }
+    ctoken("\r\n");
+  }
-    const auto bufsiz = 16384;
+  ctoken("--");
-    char buff[bufsiz];
+  stoken(boundary);
-    do {
+  ctoken("--\r\n");
-        strm.avail_out = bufsiz;
-        strm.next_out = (Bytef *)buff;
+  return true;
-        deflate(&strm, Z_FINISH);
+}
-        compressed.append(buff, bufsiz - strm.avail_out);
-    } while (strm.avail_out == 0);
-    content.swap(compressed);
+inline std::string make_multipart_ranges_data(const Request &req, Response &res,
+                                              const std::string &boundary,
+                                              const std::string &content_type) {
+  std::string data;
-    deflateEnd(&strm);
+  process_multipart_ranges_data(
+      req, res, boundary, content_type,
+      [&](const std::string &token) { data += token; },
+      [&](const char *token) { data += token; },
+      [&](size_t offset, size_t length) {
+        data += res.body.substr(offset, length);
+        return true;
+      });
+  return data;
 }
-inline void decompress(std::string& content)
+inline size_t
-{
+get_multipart_ranges_data_length(const Request &req, Response &res,
-    z_stream strm;
+                                 const std::string &boundary,
-    strm.zalloc = Z_NULL;
+                                 const std::string &content_type) {
-    strm.zfree = Z_NULL;
+  size_t data_length = 0;
-    strm.opaque = Z_NULL;
-    // 15 is the value of wbits, which should be at the maximum possible value to ensure
+  process_multipart_ranges_data(
-    // that any gzip stream can be decoded. The offset of 16 specifies that the stream
+      req, res, boundary, content_type,
-    // to decompress will be formatted with a gzip wrapper.
+      [&](const std::string &token) { data_length += token.size(); },
-    auto ret = inflateInit2(&strm, 16 + 15);
+      [&](const char *token) { data_length += strlen(token); },
-    if (ret != Z_OK) {
+      [&](size_t /*offset*/, size_t length) {
-        return;
+        data_length += length;
-    }
+        return true;
+      });
-    strm.avail_in = content.size();
+  return data_length;
-    strm.next_in = (Bytef *)content.data();
+}
-    std::string decompressed;
+inline bool write_multipart_ranges_data(Stream &strm, const Request &req,
+                                        Response &res,
+                                        const std::string &boundary,
+                                        const std::string &content_type) {
+  return process_multipart_ranges_data(
+      req, res, boundary, content_type,
+      [&](const std::string &token) { strm.write(token); },
+      [&](const char *token) { strm.write(token); },
+      [&](size_t offset, size_t length) {
+        return detail::write_content(strm, res.content_provider, offset,
+                                     length) >= 0;
+      });
+}
-    const auto bufsiz = 16384;
+inline std::pair<size_t, size_t>
-    char buff[bufsiz];
+get_range_offset_and_length(const Request &req, const Response &res,
-    do {
+                            size_t index) {
-        strm.avail_out = bufsiz;
+  auto r = req.ranges[index];
-        strm.next_out = (Bytef *)buff;
-        inflate(&strm, Z_NO_FLUSH);
-        decompressed.append(buff, bufsiz - strm.avail_out);
-    } while (strm.avail_out == 0);
-    content.swap(decompressed);
+  if (r.second == -1) { r.second = res.content_provider_resource_length - 1; }
-    inflateEnd(&strm);
+  return std::make_pair(r.first, r.second - r.first + 1);
 }
-#endif
 #ifdef _WIN32
 class WSInit {
 public:
-    WSInit() {
+  WSInit() {
-        WSADATA wsaData;
+    WSADATA wsaData;
-        WSAStartup(0x0002, &wsaData);
+    WSAStartup(0x0002, &wsaData);
-    }
+  }
-    ~WSInit() {
+  ~WSInit() { WSACleanup(); }
-        WSACleanup();
-    }
 };
 static WSInit wsinit_;
@@ -1275,876 +2010,1273 @@ static WSInit wsinit_;
 } // namespace detail
 // Header utilities
-template<typename uint64_t, typename... Args>
+inline std::pair<std::string, std::string> make_range_header(Ranges ranges) {
-inline std::pair<std::string, std::string> make_range_header(uint64_t value, Args... args)
+  std::string field = "bytes=";
-{
+  auto i = 0;
-    std::string field;
+  for (auto r : ranges) {
-    detail::make_range_header_core(field, value, args...);
+    if (i != 0) { field += ", "; }
-    field.insert(0, "bytes=");
+    if (r.first != -1) { field += std::to_string(r.first); }
-    return std::make_pair("Range", field);
+    field += '-';
+    if (r.second != -1) { field += std::to_string(r.second); }
+    i++;
+  }
+  return std::make_pair("Range", field);
+}
+inline std::pair<std::string, std::string>
+make_basic_authentication_header(const std::string &username,
+                                 const std::string &password) {
+  auto field = "Basic " + detail::base64_encode(username + ":" + password);
+  return std::make_pair("Authorization", field);
 }
 // Request implementation
-inline bool Request::has_header(const char* key) const
+inline bool Request::has_header(const char *key) const {
-{
+  return detail::has_header(headers, key);
-    return headers.find(key) != headers.end();
 }
-inline std::string Request::get_header_value(const char* key) const
+inline std::string Request::get_header_value(const char *key, size_t id) const {
-{
+  return detail::get_header_value(headers, key, id, "");
-    return detail::get_header_value(headers, key, "");
 }
-inline void Request::set_header(const char* key, const char* val)
+inline size_t Request::get_header_value_count(const char *key) const {
-{
+  auto r = headers.equal_range(key);
-    headers.emplace(key, val);
+  return std::distance(r.first, r.second);
 }
-inline bool Request::has_param(const char* key) const
+inline void Request::set_header(const char *key, const char *val) {
-{
+  headers.emplace(key, val);
-    return params.find(key) != params.end();
 }
-inline std::string Request::get_param_value(const char* key) const
+inline void Request::set_header(const char *key, const std::string &val) {
-{
+  headers.emplace(key, val);
-    auto it = params.find(key);
-    if (it != params.end()) {
-        return it->second;
-    }
-    return std::string();
 }
-inline bool Request::has_file(const char* key) const
+inline bool Request::has_param(const char *key) const {
-{
+  return params.find(key) != params.end();
-    return files.find(key) != files.end();
 }
-inline MultipartFile Request::get_file_value(const char* key) const
+inline std::string Request::get_param_value(const char *key, size_t id) const {
-{
+  auto it = params.find(key);
-    auto it = files.find(key);
+  std::advance(it, id);
-    if (it != files.end()) {
+  if (it != params.end()) { return it->second; }
-        return it->second;
+  return std::string();
-    }
+}
-    return MultipartFile();
+inline size_t Request::get_param_value_count(const char *key) const {
+  auto r = params.equal_range(key);
+  return std::distance(r.first, r.second);
+}
+inline bool Request::has_file(const char *key) const {
+  return files.find(key) != files.end();
+}
+inline MultipartFile Request::get_file_value(const char *key) const {
+  auto it = files.find(key);
+  if (it != files.end()) { return it->second; }
+  return MultipartFile();
 }
 // Response implementation
-inline bool Response::has_header(const char* key) const
+inline bool Response::has_header(const char *key) const {
-{
+  return headers.find(key) != headers.end();
-    return headers.find(key) != headers.end();
+}
+inline std::string Response::get_header_value(const char *key,
+                                              size_t id) const {
+  return detail::get_header_value(headers, key, id, "");
+}
+inline size_t Response::get_header_value_count(const char *key) const {
+  auto r = headers.equal_range(key);
+  return std::distance(r.first, r.second);
 }
-inline std::string Response::get_header_value(const char* key) const
+inline void Response::set_header(const char *key, const char *val) {
-{
+  headers.emplace(key, val);
-    return detail::get_header_value(headers, key, "");
 }
-inline void Response::set_header(const char* key, const char* val)
+inline void Response::set_header(const char *key, const std::string &val) {
-{
+  headers.emplace(key, val);
-    headers.emplace(key, val);
 }
-inline void Response::set_redirect(const char* url)
+inline void Response::set_redirect(const char *url) {
-{
+  set_header("Location", url);
-    set_header("Location", url);
+  status = 302;
-    status = 302;
 }
-inline void Response::set_content(const char* s, size_t n, const char* content_type)
+inline void Response::set_content(const char *s, size_t n,
-{
+                                  const char *content_type) {
-    body.assign(s, n);
+  body.assign(s, n);
-    set_header("Content-Type", content_type);
+  set_header("Content-Type", content_type);
 }
-inline void Response::set_content(const std::string& s, const char* content_type)
+inline void Response::set_content(const std::string &s,
-{
+                                  const char *content_type) {
-    body = s;
+  body = s;
-    set_header("Content-Type", content_type);
+  set_header("Content-Type", content_type);
+}
+inline void Response::set_content_provider(
+    size_t length,
+    std::function<void(size_t offset, size_t length, DataSink sink)> provider,
+    std::function<void()> resource_releaser) {
+  assert(length > 0);
+  content_provider_resource_length = length;
+  content_provider = [provider](size_t offset, size_t length, DataSink sink,
+                                Done) { provider(offset, length, sink); };
+  content_provider_resource_releaser = resource_releaser;
+}
+inline void Response::set_chunked_content_provider(
+    std::function<void(size_t offset, DataSink sink, Done done)> provider,
+    std::function<void()> resource_releaser) {
+  content_provider_resource_length = 0;
+  content_provider = [provider](size_t offset, size_t, DataSink sink,
+                                Done done) { provider(offset, sink, done); };
+  content_provider_resource_releaser = resource_releaser;
 }
 // Rstream implementation
-template <typename ...Args>
+template <typename... Args>
-inline void Stream::write_format(const char* fmt, const Args& ...args)
+inline int Stream::write_format(const char *fmt, const Args &... args) {
-{
+  const auto bufsiz = 2048;
-    const auto bufsiz = 2048;
+  char buf[bufsiz];
-    char buf[bufsiz];
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1900
-    auto n = _snprintf_s(buf, bufsiz, bufsiz - 1, fmt, args...);
+  auto n = _snprintf_s(buf, bufsiz, bufsiz - 1, fmt, args...);
 #else
-    auto n = snprintf(buf, bufsiz - 1, fmt, args...);
+  auto n = snprintf(buf, bufsiz - 1, fmt, args...);
 #endif
-    if (n > 0) {
+  if (n <= 0) { return n; }
-        if (n >= bufsiz - 1) {
-            std::vector<char> glowable_buf(bufsiz);
+  if (n >= bufsiz - 1) {
+    std::vector<char> glowable_buf(bufsiz);
-            while (n >= static_cast<int>(glowable_buf.size() - 1)) {
+    while (n >= static_cast<int>(glowable_buf.size() - 1)) {
-                glowable_buf.resize(glowable_buf.size() * 2);
+      glowable_buf.resize(glowable_buf.size() * 2);
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1900
-                n = _snprintf_s(&glowable_buf[0], glowable_buf.size(), glowable_buf.size() - 1, fmt, args...);
+      n = _snprintf_s(&glowable_buf[0], glowable_buf.size(),
+                      glowable_buf.size() - 1, fmt, args...);
 #else
-                n = snprintf(&glowable_buf[0], glowable_buf.size() - 1, fmt, args...);
+      n = snprintf(&glowable_buf[0], glowable_buf.size() - 1, fmt, args...);
 #endif
-            }
-            write(&glowable_buf[0], n);
-        } else {
-            write(buf, n);
-        }
    }
+    return write(&glowable_buf[0], n);
+  } else {
+    return write(buf, n);
+  }
 }
 // Socket stream implementation
-inline SocketStream::SocketStream(socket_t sock): sock_(sock)
+inline SocketStream::SocketStream(socket_t sock) : sock_(sock) {}
-{
+inline SocketStream::~SocketStream() {}
+inline int SocketStream::read(char *ptr, size_t size) {
+  if (detail::select_read(sock_, CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_SECOND,
+                          CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_USECOND) > 0) {
+    return recv(sock_, ptr, static_cast<int>(size), 0);
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+inline int SocketStream::write(const char *ptr, size_t size) {
+  return send(sock_, ptr, static_cast<int>(size), 0);
 }
-inline SocketStream::~SocketStream()
+inline int SocketStream::write(const char *ptr) {
-{
+  return write(ptr, strlen(ptr));
 }
-inline int SocketStream::read(char* ptr, size_t size)
+inline int SocketStream::write(const std::string &s) {
-{
+  return write(s.data(), s.size());
-    return recv(sock_, ptr, size, 0);
 }
-inline int SocketStream::write(const char* ptr, size_t size)
+inline std::string SocketStream::get_remote_addr() const {
-{
+  return detail::get_remote_addr(sock_);
-    return send(sock_, ptr, size, 0);
 }
-inline int SocketStream::write(const char* ptr)
+// Buffer stream implementation
-{
+inline int BufferStream::read(char *ptr, size_t size) {
-    return write(ptr, strlen(ptr));
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1900
+  return static_cast<int>(buffer._Copy_s(ptr, size, size));
+#else
+  return static_cast<int>(buffer.copy(ptr, size));
+#endif
 }
-inline std::string SocketStream::get_remote_addr() {
+inline int BufferStream::write(const char *ptr, size_t size) {
-    return detail::get_remote_addr(sock_);
+  buffer.append(ptr, size);
+  return static_cast<int>(size);
 }
+inline int BufferStream::write(const char *ptr) {
+  return write(ptr, strlen(ptr));
+}
+inline int BufferStream::write(const std::string &s) {
+  return write(s.data(), s.size());
+}
+inline std::string BufferStream::get_remote_addr() const { return ""; }
+inline const std::string &BufferStream::get_buffer() const { return buffer; }
 // HTTP server implementation
 inline Server::Server()
-        : keep_alive_max_count_(5)
+    : keep_alive_max_count_(CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_MAX_COUNT),
-        , is_running_(false)
+      payload_max_length_(CPPHTTPLIB_PAYLOAD_MAX_LENGTH), is_running_(false),
-        , svr_sock_(INVALID_SOCKET)
+      svr_sock_(INVALID_SOCKET) {
-        , running_threads_(0)
-{
 #ifndef _WIN32
-    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+  signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 #endif
+  new_task_queue = [] {
+#if CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_COUNT > 0
+    return new ThreadPool(CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_COUNT);
+#else
+    return new Threads();
+#endif
+  };
 }
-inline Server::~Server()
+inline Server::~Server() {}
-{
-}
-inline Server& Server::Get(const char* pattern, Handler handler)
+inline Server &Server::Get(const char *pattern, Handler handler) {
-{
+  get_handlers_.push_back(std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), handler));
-    get_handlers_.push_back(std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), handler));
+  return *this;
-    return *this;
 }
-inline Server& Server::Post(const char* pattern, Handler handler)
+inline Server &Server::Post(const char *pattern, Handler handler) {
-{
+  post_handlers_.push_back(std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), handler));
-    post_handlers_.push_back(std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), handler));
+  return *this;
-    return *this;
 }
-inline Server& Server::Put(const char* pattern, Handler handler)
+inline Server &Server::Put(const char *pattern, Handler handler) {
-{
+  put_handlers_.push_back(std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), handler));
-    put_handlers_.push_back(std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), handler));
+  return *this;
-    return *this;
 }
-inline Server& Server::Delete(const char* pattern, Handler handler)
+inline Server &Server::Patch(const char *pattern, Handler handler) {
-{
+  patch_handlers_.push_back(std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), handler));
-    delete_handlers_.push_back(std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), handler));
+  return *this;
-    return *this;
 }
-inline Server& Server::Options(const char* pattern, Handler handler)
+inline Server &Server::Delete(const char *pattern, Handler handler) {
-{
+  delete_handlers_.push_back(std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), handler));
-    options_handlers_.push_back(std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), handler));
+  return *this;
-    return *this;
 }
-inline bool Server::set_base_dir(const char* path)
+inline Server &Server::Options(const char *pattern, Handler handler) {
-{
+  options_handlers_.push_back(std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), handler));
-    if (detail::is_dir(path)) {
+  return *this;
-        base_dir_ = path;
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
 }
-inline void Server::set_error_handler(Handler handler)
+inline bool Server::set_base_dir(const char *path) {
-{
+  if (detail::is_dir(path)) {
-    error_handler_ = handler;
+    base_dir_ = path;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
 }
-inline void Server::set_logger(Logger logger)
+inline void Server::set_file_request_handler(Handler handler) {
-{
+  file_request_handler_ = handler;
-    logger_ = logger;
 }
-inline void Server::set_keep_alive_max_count(size_t count)
+inline void Server::set_error_handler(Handler handler) {
-{
+  error_handler_ = handler;
-    keep_alive_max_count_ = count;
 }
-inline int Server::bind_to_any_port(const char* host, int socket_flags)
+inline void Server::set_logger(Logger logger) { logger_ = logger; }
-{
-    return bind_internal(host, 0, socket_flags);
+inline void Server::set_keep_alive_max_count(size_t count) {
+  keep_alive_max_count_ = count;
 }
-inline bool Server::listen_after_bind() {
+inline void Server::set_payload_max_length(size_t length) {
-    return listen_internal();
+  payload_max_length_ = length;
 }
-inline bool Server::listen(const char* host, int port, int socket_flags)
+inline int Server::bind_to_any_port(const char *host, int socket_flags) {
-{
+  return bind_internal(host, 0, socket_flags);
-    if (bind_internal(host, port, socket_flags) < 0)
-        return false;
-    return listen_internal();
 }
-inline bool Server::is_running() const
+inline bool Server::listen_after_bind() { return listen_internal(); }
-{
-    return is_running_;
+inline bool Server::listen(const char *host, int port, int socket_flags) {
+  if (bind_internal(host, port, socket_flags) < 0) return false;
+  return listen_internal();
 }
-inline void Server::stop()
+inline bool Server::is_running() const { return is_running_; }
-{
-    if (is_running_) {
+inline void Server::stop() {
-        assert(svr_sock_ != INVALID_SOCKET);
+  if (is_running_) {
-        detail::shutdown_socket(svr_sock_);
+    assert(svr_sock_ != INVALID_SOCKET);
-        detail::close_socket(svr_sock_);
+    std::atomic<socket_t> sock(svr_sock_.exchange(INVALID_SOCKET));
-        svr_sock_ = INVALID_SOCKET;
+    detail::shutdown_socket(sock);
-    }
+    detail::close_socket(sock);
+  }
 }
-inline bool Server::parse_request_line(const char* s, Request& req)
+inline bool Server::parse_request_line(const char *s, Request &req) {
-{
+  static std::regex re("(GET|HEAD|POST|PUT|DELETE|CONNECT|OPTIONS|TRACE|PATCH|PRI) "
-    static std::regex re("(GET|HEAD|POST|PUT|DELETE|OPTIONS) (([^?]+)(?:\\?(.+?))?) (HTTP/1\\.[01])\r\n");
+                       "(([^?]+)(?:\\?(.+?))?) (HTTP/1\\.[01])\r\n");
-    std::cmatch m;
+  std::cmatch m;
-    if (std::regex_match(s, m, re)) {
+  if (std::regex_match(s, m, re)) {
-        req.version = std::string(m[4]);
+    req.version = std::string(m[5]);
-        req.method = std::string(m[1]);
+    req.method = std::string(m[1]);
-        req.target = std::string(m[2]);
+    req.target = std::string(m[2]);
-        req.path = detail::decode_url(m[3]);
+    req.path = detail::decode_url(m[3]);
-        // Parse query text
-        auto len = std::distance(m[4].first, m[4].second);
-        if (len > 0) {
-            detail::parse_query_text(m[4], req.params);
-        }
-        return true;
+    // Parse query text
-    }
+    auto len = std::distance(m[4].first, m[4].second);
+    if (len > 0) { detail::parse_query_text(m[4], req.params); }
-    return false;
+    return true;
-}
+  }
-inline void Server::write_response(Stream& strm, bool last_connection, const Request& req, Response& res)
+  return false;
-{
+}
-    assert(res.status != -1);
-    if (400 <= res.status && error_handler_) {
+inline bool Server::write_response(Stream &strm, bool last_connection,
-        error_handler_(req, res);
+                                   const Request &req, Response &res) {
-    }
+  assert(res.status != -1);
-    // Response line
+  if (400 <= res.status && error_handler_) { error_handler_(req, res); }
-    strm.write_format("HTTP/1.1 %d %s\r\n",
-                      res.status,
-                      detail::status_message(res.status));
-    // Headers
+  // Response line
-    if (last_connection ||
+  if (!strm.write_format("HTTP/1.1 %d %s\r\n", res.status,
-        req.version == "HTTP/1.0" ||
+                         detail::status_message(res.status))) {
-        req.get_header_value("Connection") == "close") {
+    return false;
-        res.set_header("Connection", "close");
+  }
+  // Headers
+  if (last_connection || req.get_header_value("Connection") == "close") {
+    res.set_header("Connection", "close");
+  }
+  if (!last_connection && req.get_header_value("Connection") == "Keep-Alive") {
+    res.set_header("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
+  }
+  if (!res.has_header("Content-Type")) {
+    res.set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
+  }
+  if (!res.has_header("Accept-Ranges")) {
+    res.set_header("Accept-Ranges", "bytes");
+  }
+  std::string content_type;
+  std::string boundary;
+  if (req.ranges.size() > 1) {
+    boundary = detail::make_multipart_data_boundary();
+    auto it = res.headers.find("Content-Type");
+    if (it != res.headers.end()) {
+      content_type = it->second;
+      res.headers.erase(it);
+    }
+    res.headers.emplace("Content-Type",
+                        "multipart/byteranges; boundary=" + boundary);
+  }
+  if (res.body.empty()) {
+    if (res.content_provider_resource_length > 0) {
+      size_t length = 0;
+      if (req.ranges.empty()) {
+        length = res.content_provider_resource_length;
+      } else if (req.ranges.size() == 1) {
+        auto offsets = detail::get_range_offset_and_length(
+            req, res.content_provider_resource_length, 0);
+        auto offset = offsets.first;
+        length = offsets.second;
+        auto content_range = detail::make_content_range_header_field(
+            offset, length, res.content_provider_resource_length);
+        res.set_header("Content-Range", content_range);
+      } else {
+        length = detail::get_multipart_ranges_data_length(req, res, boundary,
+                                                          content_type);
+      }
+      res.set_header("Content-Length", std::to_string(length));
+    } else {
+      if (res.content_provider) {
+        res.set_header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked");
+      } else {
+        res.set_header("Content-Length", "0");
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (req.ranges.empty()) {
+      ;
+    } else if (req.ranges.size() == 1) {
+      auto offsets =
+          detail::get_range_offset_and_length(req, res.body.size(), 0);
+      auto offset = offsets.first;
+      auto length = offsets.second;
+      auto content_range = detail::make_content_range_header_field(
+          offset, length, res.body.size());
+      res.set_header("Content-Range", content_range);
+      res.body = res.body.substr(offset, length);
+    } else {
+      res.body =
+          detail::make_multipart_ranges_data(req, res, boundary, content_type);
    }
-    if (!res.body.empty()) {
 #ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
-        // TODO: 'Accpet-Encoding' has gzip, not gzip;q=0
+    // TODO: 'Accpet-Encoding' has gzip, not gzip;q=0
-        const auto& encodings = req.get_header_value("Accept-Encoding");
+    const auto &encodings = req.get_header_value("Accept-Encoding");
-        if (encodings.find("gzip") != std::string::npos &&
+    if (encodings.find("gzip") != std::string::npos &&
-            detail::can_compress(res.get_header_value("Content-Type"))) {
+        detail::can_compress(res.get_header_value("Content-Type"))) {
-            detail::compress(res.body);
+      if (detail::compress(res.body)) {
-            res.set_header("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
+        res.set_header("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
-        }
+      }
+    }
 #endif
-        if (!res.has_header("Content-Type")) {
+    auto length = std::to_string(res.body.size());
-            res.set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
+    res.set_header("Content-Length", length);
-        }
+  }
+  if (!detail::write_headers(strm, res, Headers())) { return false; }
-        auto length = std::to_string(res.body.size());
+  // Body
-        res.set_header("Content-Length", length.c_str());
+  if (req.method != "HEAD") {
+    if (!res.body.empty()) {
+      if (!strm.write(res.body)) { return false; }
+    } else if (res.content_provider) {
+      if (!write_content_with_provider(strm, req, res, boundary,
+                                       content_type)) {
+        return false;
+      }
    }
+  }
-    detail::write_headers(strm, res);
+  // Log
+  if (logger_) { logger_(req, res); }
-    // Body
+  return true;
-    if (!res.body.empty() && req.method != "HEAD") {
+}
-        strm.write(res.body.c_str(), res.body.size());
-    }
-    // Log
+inline bool
-    if (logger_) {
+Server::write_content_with_provider(Stream &strm, const Request &req,
-        logger_(req, res);
+                                    Response &res, const std::string &boundary,
+                                    const std::string &content_type) {
+  if (res.content_provider_resource_length) {
+    if (req.ranges.empty()) {
+      if (detail::write_content(strm, res.content_provider, 0,
+                                res.content_provider_resource_length) < 0) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    } else if (req.ranges.size() == 1) {
+      auto offsets = detail::get_range_offset_and_length(
+          req, res.content_provider_resource_length, 0);
+      auto offset = offsets.first;
+      auto length = offsets.second;
+      if (detail::write_content(strm, res.content_provider, offset, length) <
+          0) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (!detail::write_multipart_ranges_data(strm, req, res, boundary,
+                                               content_type)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (detail::write_content_chunked(strm, res.content_provider) < 0) {
+      return false;
    }
+  }
+  return true;
 }
-inline bool Server::handle_file_request(Request& req, Response& res)
+inline bool Server::handle_file_request(Request &req, Response &res) {
-{
+  if (!base_dir_.empty() && detail::is_valid_path(req.path)) {
-    if (!base_dir_.empty() && detail::is_valid_path(req.path)) {
+    std::string path = base_dir_ + req.path;
-        std::string path = base_dir_ + req.path;
-        if (!path.empty() && path.back() == '/') {
+    if (!path.empty() && path.back() == '/') { path += "index.html"; }
-            path += "index.html";
-        }
-        if (detail::is_file(path)) {
+    if (detail::is_file(path)) {
-            detail::read_file(path, res.body);
+      detail::read_file(path, res.body);
-            auto type = detail::find_content_type(path);
+      auto type = detail::find_content_type(path);
-            if (type) {
+      if (type) { res.set_header("Content-Type", type); }
-                res.set_header("Content-Type", type);
+      res.status = 200;
-            }
+      if (file_request_handler_) { file_request_handler_(req, res); }
-            res.status = 200;
+      return true;
-            return true;
-        }
    }
+  }
-    return false;
+  return false;
 }
-inline socket_t Server::create_server_socket(const char* host, int port, int socket_flags) const
+inline socket_t Server::create_server_socket(const char *host, int port,
-{
+                                             int socket_flags) const {
-    return detail::create_socket(host, port,
+  return detail::create_socket(
-                                 [](socket_t sock, struct addrinfo& ai) -> bool {
+      host, port,
-                                     if (::bind(sock, ai.ai_addr, ai.ai_addrlen)) {
+      [](socket_t sock, struct addrinfo &ai) -> bool {
-                                         return false;
+        if (::bind(sock, ai.ai_addr, static_cast<int>(ai.ai_addrlen))) {
-                                     }
+          return false;
-                                     if (::listen(sock, 5)) { // Listen through 5 channels
-                                         return false;
-                                     }
-                                     return true;
-                                 }, socket_flags);
-}
-inline int Server::bind_internal(const char* host, int port, int socket_flags)
-{
-    if (!is_valid()) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    svr_sock_ = create_server_socket(host, port, socket_flags);
-    if (svr_sock_ == INVALID_SOCKET) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (port == 0) {
-        struct sockaddr_storage address;
-        socklen_t len = sizeof(address);
-        if (getsockname(svr_sock_, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&address), &len) == -1) {
-            return -1;
        }
-        if (address.ss_family == AF_INET) {
+        if (::listen(sock, 5)) { // Listen through 5 channels
-            return ntohs(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in*>(&address)->sin_port);
+          return false;
-        } else if (address.ss_family == AF_INET6) {
-            return ntohs(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in6*>(&address)->sin6_port);
-        } else {
-            return -1;
        }
+        return true;
+      },
+      socket_flags);
+}
+inline int Server::bind_internal(const char *host, int port, int socket_flags) {
+  if (!is_valid()) { return -1; }
+  svr_sock_ = create_server_socket(host, port, socket_flags);
+  if (svr_sock_ == INVALID_SOCKET) { return -1; }
+  if (port == 0) {
+    struct sockaddr_storage address;
+    socklen_t len = sizeof(address);
+    if (getsockname(svr_sock_, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&address),
+                    &len) == -1) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (address.ss_family == AF_INET) {
+      return ntohs(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in *>(&address)->sin_port);
+    } else if (address.ss_family == AF_INET6) {
+      return ntohs(
+          reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in6 *>(&address)->sin6_port);
    } else {
-        return port;
+      return -1;
    }
+  } else {
+    return port;
+  }
 }
-inline bool Server::listen_internal()
+inline bool Server::listen_internal() {
-{
+  auto ret = true;
-    auto ret = true;
+  is_running_ = true;
-    is_running_ = true;
+  {
+    std::unique_ptr<TaskQueue> task_queue(new_task_queue());
    for (;;) {
-        auto val = detail::select_read(svr_sock_, 0, 100000);
+      if (svr_sock_ == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+        // The server socket was closed by 'stop' method.
+        break;
+      }
-        if (val == 0) { // Timeout
+      auto val = detail::select_read(svr_sock_, 0, 100000);
-            if (svr_sock_ == INVALID_SOCKET) {
-                // The server socket was closed by 'stop' method.
-                break;
-            }
-            continue;
-        }
-        socket_t sock = accept(svr_sock_, NULL, NULL);
+      if (val == 0) { // Timeout
+        continue;
+      }
-        if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+      socket_t sock = accept(svr_sock_, nullptr, nullptr);
-            if (svr_sock_ != INVALID_SOCKET) {
-                detail::close_socket(svr_sock_);
+      if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
-                ret = false;
+        if (errno == EMFILE) {
-            } else {
+          // The per-process limit of open file descriptors has been reached.
-                ; // The server socket was closed by user.
+          // Try to accept new connections after a short sleep.
-            }
+          std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
-            break;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (svr_sock_ != INVALID_SOCKET) {
+          detail::close_socket(svr_sock_);
+          ret = false;
+        } else {
+          ; // The server socket was closed by user.
        }
+        break;
+      }
-        // TODO: Use thread pool...
+      task_queue->enqueue([=]() { process_and_close_socket(sock); });
-        std::thread([=]() {
+    }
-            {
-                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(running_threads_mutex_);
-                running_threads_++;
-            }
-            read_and_close_socket(sock);
+    task_queue->shutdown();
+  }
-            {
+  is_running_ = false;
-                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(running_threads_mutex_);
+  return ret;
-                running_threads_--;
+}
-            }
-        }).detach();
+inline bool Server::routing(Request &req, Response &res) {
+  if (req.method == "GET" && handle_file_request(req, res)) { return true; }
+  if (req.method == "GET" || req.method == "HEAD") {
+    return dispatch_request(req, res, get_handlers_);
+  } else if (req.method == "POST") {
+    return dispatch_request(req, res, post_handlers_);
+  } else if (req.method == "PUT") {
+    return dispatch_request(req, res, put_handlers_);
+  } else if (req.method == "DELETE") {
+    return dispatch_request(req, res, delete_handlers_);
+  } else if (req.method == "OPTIONS") {
+    return dispatch_request(req, res, options_handlers_);
+  } else if (req.method == "PATCH") {
+    return dispatch_request(req, res, patch_handlers_);
+  }
+  res.status = 400;
+  return false;
+}
+inline bool Server::dispatch_request(Request &req, Response &res,
+                                     Handlers &handlers) {
+  for (const auto &x : handlers) {
+    const auto &pattern = x.first;
+    const auto &handler = x.second;
+    if (std::regex_match(req.path, req.matches, pattern)) {
+      handler(req, res);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+inline bool
+Server::process_request(Stream &strm, bool last_connection,
+                        bool &connection_close,
+                        std::function<void(Request &)> setup_request) {
+  const auto bufsiz = 2048;
+  char buf[bufsiz];
+  detail::stream_line_reader reader(strm, buf, bufsiz);
+  // Connection has been closed on client
+  if (!reader.getline()) { return false; }
+  Request req;
+  Response res;
+  res.version = "HTTP/1.1";
+  // Check if the request URI doesn't exceed the limit
+  if (reader.size() > CPPHTTPLIB_REQUEST_URI_MAX_LENGTH) {
+    Headers dummy;
+    detail::read_headers(strm, dummy);
+    res.status = 414;
+    return write_response(strm, last_connection, req, res);
+  }
+  // Request line and headers
+  if (!parse_request_line(reader.ptr(), req) ||
+      !detail::read_headers(strm, req.headers)) {
+    res.status = 400;
+    return write_response(strm, last_connection, req, res);
+  }
+  if (req.get_header_value("Connection") == "close") {
+    connection_close = true;
+  }
+  if (req.version == "HTTP/1.0" &&
+      req.get_header_value("Connection") != "Keep-Alive") {
+    connection_close = true;
+  }
+  req.set_header("REMOTE_ADDR", strm.get_remote_addr());
+  // Body
+  if (req.method == "POST" || req.method == "PUT" || req.method == "PATCH" || req.method == "PRI") {
+    if (!detail::read_content(strm, req, payload_max_length_, res.status,
+                              Progress(), [&](const char *buf, size_t n) {
+                                if (req.body.size() + n > req.body.max_size()) {
+                                  return false;
+                                }
+                                req.body.append(buf, n);
+                                return true;
+                              })) {
+      return write_response(strm, last_connection, req, res);
    }
-    // TODO: Use thread pool...
+    const auto &content_type = req.get_header_value("Content-Type");
-    for (;;) {
-        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
+    if (!content_type.find("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(running_threads_mutex_);
+      detail::parse_query_text(req.body, req.params);
-        if (!running_threads_) {
+    } else if (!content_type.find("multipart/form-data")) {
-            break;
+      std::string boundary;
-        }
+      if (!detail::parse_multipart_boundary(content_type, boundary) ||
+          !detail::parse_multipart_formdata(boundary, req.body, req.files)) {
+        res.status = 400;
+        return write_response(strm, last_connection, req, res);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (req.has_header("Range")) {
+    const auto &range_header_value = req.get_header_value("Range");
+    if (!detail::parse_range_header(range_header_value, req.ranges)) {
+      // TODO: error
    }
+  }
-    is_running_ = false;
+  if (setup_request) { setup_request(req); }
-    return ret;
+  if (routing(req, res)) {
+    if (res.status == -1) { res.status = req.ranges.empty() ? 200 : 206; }
+  } else {
+    if (res.status == -1) { res.status = 404; }
+  }
+  return write_response(strm, last_connection, req, res);
 }
-inline bool Server::routing(Request& req, Response& res)
+inline bool Server::is_valid() const { return true; }
-{
-    if (req.method == "GET" && handle_file_request(req, res)) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    if (req.method == "GET" || req.method == "HEAD") {
+inline bool Server::process_and_close_socket(socket_t sock) {
-        return dispatch_request(req, res, get_handlers_);
+  return detail::process_and_close_socket(
-    } else if (req.method == "POST") {
+      false, sock, keep_alive_max_count_,
-        return dispatch_request(req, res, post_handlers_);
+      [this](Stream &strm, bool last_connection, bool &connection_close) {
-    } else if (req.method == "PUT") {
+        return process_request(strm, last_connection, connection_close,
-        return dispatch_request(req, res, put_handlers_);
+                               nullptr);
-    } else if (req.method == "DELETE") {
+      });
-        return dispatch_request(req, res, delete_handlers_);
-    } else if (req.method == "OPTIONS") {
-        return dispatch_request(req, res, options_handlers_);
-    }
-    return false;
 }
-inline bool Server::dispatch_request(Request& req, Response& res, Handlers& handlers)
+// HTTP client implementation
-{
+inline Client::Client(const char *host, int port, time_t timeout_sec)
-    for (const auto& x: handlers) {
+    : host_(host), port_(port), timeout_sec_(timeout_sec),
-        const auto& pattern = x.first;
+      host_and_port_(host_ + ":" + std::to_string(port_)),
-        const auto& handler = x.second;
+      keep_alive_max_count_(CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_MAX_COUNT),
+      follow_location_(false) {}
-        if (std::regex_match(req.path, req.matches, pattern)) {
-            handler(req, res);
+inline Client::~Client() {}
-            return true;
+inline bool Client::is_valid() const { return true; }
+inline socket_t Client::create_client_socket() const {
+  return detail::create_socket(
+      host_.c_str(), port_, [=](socket_t sock, struct addrinfo &ai) -> bool {
+        detail::set_nonblocking(sock, true);
+        auto ret = connect(sock, ai.ai_addr, static_cast<int>(ai.ai_addrlen));
+        if (ret < 0) {
+          if (detail::is_connection_error() ||
+              !detail::wait_until_socket_is_ready(sock, timeout_sec_, 0)) {
+            detail::close_socket(sock);
+            return false;
+          }
        }
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-inline bool Server::process_request(Stream& strm, bool last_connection, bool& connection_close)
+        detail::set_nonblocking(sock, false);
-{
+        return true;
-    const auto bufsiz = 2048;
+      });
-    char buf[bufsiz];
+}
-    detail::stream_line_reader reader(strm, buf, bufsiz);
+inline bool Client::read_response_line(Stream &strm, Response &res) {
+  const auto bufsiz = 2048;
+  char buf[bufsiz];
-    // Connection has been closed on client
+  detail::stream_line_reader reader(strm, buf, bufsiz);
-    if (!reader.getline()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    Request req;
+  if (!reader.getline()) { return false; }
-    Response res;
-    res.version = "HTTP/1.1";
+  const static std::regex re("(HTTP/1\\.[01]) (\\d+?) .*\r\n");
-    // Request line and headers
+  std::cmatch m;
-    if (!parse_request_line(reader.ptr(), req) || !detail::read_headers(strm, req.headers)) {
+  if (std::regex_match(reader.ptr(), m, re)) {
-        res.status = 400;
+    res.version = std::string(m[1]);
-        write_response(strm, last_connection, req, res);
+    res.status = std::stoi(std::string(m[2]));
-        return true;
+  }
-    }
-    auto ret = true;
+  return true;
-    if (req.get_header_value("Connection") == "close") {
+}
-        // ret = false;
-        connection_close = true;
-    }
-    req.set_header("REMOTE_ADDR", strm.get_remote_addr().c_str());
+inline bool Client::send(const Request &req, Response &res) {
+  if (req.path.empty()) { return false; }
-    // Body
+  auto sock = create_client_socket();
-    if (req.method == "POST" || req.method == "PUT") {
+  if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) { return false; }
-        if (!detail::read_content(strm, req)) {
-            res.status = 400;
-            write_response(strm, last_connection, req, res);
-            return ret;
-        }
-        const auto& content_type = req.get_header_value("Content-Type");
+  auto ret = process_and_close_socket(
+      sock, 1, [&](Stream &strm, bool last_connection, bool &connection_close) {
+        return process_request(strm, req, res, last_connection,
+                               connection_close);
+      });
-        if (req.get_header_value("Content-Encoding") == "gzip") {
+  if (ret && follow_location_ && (300 < res.status && res.status < 400)) {
-#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
+    ret = redirect(req, res);
-            detail::decompress(req.body);
+  }
-#else
-            res.status = 415;
-            write_response(strm, last_connection, req, res);
-            return ret;
-#endif
-        }
-        if (!content_type.find("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")) {
+  return ret;
-            detail::parse_query_text(req.body, req.params);
+}
-        } else if(!content_type.find("multipart/form-data")) {
-            std::string boundary;
-            if (!detail::parse_multipart_boundary(content_type, boundary) ||
-                !detail::parse_multipart_formdata(boundary, req.body, req.files)) {
-                res.status = 400;
-                write_response(strm, last_connection, req, res);
-                return ret;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (routing(req, res)) {
+inline bool Client::send(const std::vector<Request> &requests,
-        if (res.status == -1) {
+                         std::vector<Response> &responses) {
-            res.status = 200;
+  size_t i = 0;
-        }
+  while (i < requests.size()) {
-    } else {
+    auto sock = create_client_socket();
-        res.status = 404;
+    if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) { return false; }
-    }
-    write_response(strm, last_connection, req, res);
+    if (!process_and_close_socket(
-    return ret;
+            sock, requests.size() - i,
-}
+            [&](Stream &strm, bool last_connection, bool &connection_close) -> bool {
+              auto &req = requests[i];
+              auto res = Response();
+              i++;
-inline bool Server::is_valid() const
+              if (req.path.empty()) { return false; }
-{
+              auto ret = process_request(strm, req, res, last_connection,
-    return true;
+                                         connection_close);
-}
-inline bool Server::read_and_close_socket(socket_t sock)
+              if (ret && follow_location_ &&
-{
+                  (300 < res.status && res.status < 400)) {
-    return detail::read_and_close_socket(
+                ret = redirect(req, res);
-            sock,
+              }
-            keep_alive_max_count_,
-            [this](Stream& strm, bool last_connection, bool& connection_close) {
-                return process_request(strm, last_connection, connection_close);
-            });
-}
-// HTTP client implementation
+              if (ret) { responses.emplace_back(std::move(res)); }
-inline Client::Client(
-        const char* host, int port, size_t timeout_sec)
-        : host_(host)
-        , port_(port)
-        , timeout_sec_(timeout_sec)
-        , host_and_port_(host_ + ":" + std::to_string(port_))
-{
-}
-inline Client::~Client()
+              return ret;
-{
+            })) {
-}
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
-inline bool Client::is_valid() const
+  return true;
-{
-    return true;
 }
-inline socket_t Client::create_client_socket() const
+inline bool Client::redirect(const Request &req, Response &res) {
-{
+  if (req.redirect_count == 0) { return false; }
-    return detail::create_socket(host_.c_str(), port_,
-                                 [=](socket_t sock, struct addrinfo& ai) -> bool {
-                                     detail::set_nonblocking(sock, true);
-                                     auto ret = connect(sock, ai.ai_addr, ai.ai_addrlen);
+  auto location = res.get_header_value("location");
-                                     if (ret < 0) {
+  if (location.empty()) { return false; }
-                                         if (detail::is_connection_error() ||
-                                             !detail::wait_until_socket_is_ready(sock, timeout_sec_, 0)) {
-                                             detail::close_socket(sock);
-                                             return false;
-                                         }
-                                     }
-                                     detail::set_nonblocking(sock, false);
+  std::regex re(
-                                     return true;
+      R"(^(?:([^:/?#]+):)?(?://([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*(?:\?[^#]*)?)(?:#.*)?)");
-                                 });
-}
-inline bool Client::read_response_line(Stream& strm, Response& res)
+  auto scheme = is_ssl() ? "https" : "http";
-{
-    const auto bufsiz = 2048;
-    char buf[bufsiz];
-    detail::stream_line_reader reader(strm, buf, bufsiz);
+  std::smatch m;
+  if (regex_match(location, m, re)) {
+    auto next_scheme = m[1].str();
+    auto next_host = m[2].str();
+    auto next_path = m[3].str();
+    if (next_host.empty()) { next_host = host_; }
+    if (next_path.empty()) { next_path = "/"; }
-    if (!reader.getline()) {
+    if (next_scheme == scheme && next_host == host_) {
+      return detail::redirect(*this, req, res, next_path);
+    } else {
+      if (next_scheme == "https") {
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+        SSLClient cli(next_host.c_str());
+        cli.follow_location(true);
+        return detail::redirect(cli, req, res, next_path);
+#else
        return false;
+#endif
+      } else {
+        Client cli(next_host.c_str());
+        cli.follow_location(true);
+        return detail::redirect(cli, req, res, next_path);
+      }
    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
-    const static std::regex re("(HTTP/1\\.[01]) (\\d+?) .+\r\n");
+inline void Client::write_request(Stream &strm, const Request &req,
+                                  bool last_connection) {
+  BufferStream bstrm;
-    std::cmatch m;
+  // Request line
-    if (std::regex_match(reader.ptr(), m, re)) {
+  auto path = detail::encode_url(req.path);
-        res.version = std::string(m[1]);
-        res.status = std::stoi(std::string(m[2]));
+  bstrm.write_format("%s %s HTTP/1.1\r\n", req.method.c_str(), path.c_str());
+  // Additonal headers
+  Headers headers;
+  if (last_connection) { headers.emplace("Connection", "close"); }
+  if (!req.has_header("Host")) {
+    if (is_ssl()) {
+      if (port_ == 443) {
+        headers.emplace("Host", host_);
+      } else {
+        headers.emplace("Host", host_and_port_);
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (port_ == 80) {
+        headers.emplace("Host", host_);
+      } else {
+        headers.emplace("Host", host_and_port_);
+      }
    }
+  }
-    return true;
+  if (!req.has_header("Accept")) { headers.emplace("Accept", "*/*"); }
-}
-inline bool Client::send(Request& req, Response& res)
+  if (!req.has_header("User-Agent")) {
-{
+    headers.emplace("User-Agent", "cpp-httplib/0.2");
-    if (req.path.empty()) {
+  }
-        return false;
+  if (req.body.empty()) {
+    if (req.method == "POST" || req.method == "PUT" || req.method == "PATCH") {
+      headers.emplace("Content-Length", "0");
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!req.has_header("Content-Type")) {
+      headers.emplace("Content-Type", "text/plain");
    }
-    auto sock = create_client_socket();
+    if (!req.has_header("Content-Length")) {
-    if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+      auto length = std::to_string(req.body.size());
-        return false;
+      headers.emplace("Content-Length", length);
    }
+  }
-    return read_and_close_socket(sock, req, res);
+  detail::write_headers(bstrm, req, headers);
+  // Body
+  if (!req.body.empty()) { bstrm.write(req.body); }
+  // Flush buffer
+  auto &data = bstrm.get_buffer();
+  strm.write(data.data(), data.size());
 }
-inline void Client::write_request(Stream& strm, Request& req)
+inline bool Client::process_request(Stream &strm, const Request &req,
-{
+                                    Response &res, bool last_connection,
-    auto path = detail::encode_url(req.path);
+                                    bool &connection_close) {
+  // Send request
+  write_request(strm, req, last_connection);
+  // Receive response and headers
+  if (!read_response_line(strm, res) ||
+      !detail::read_headers(strm, res.headers)) {
+    return false;
+  }
-    // Request line
+  if (res.get_header_value("Connection") == "close" ||
-    strm.write_format("%s %s HTTP/1.1\r\n",
+      res.version == "HTTP/1.0") {
-                      req.method.c_str(),
+    connection_close = true;
-                      path.c_str());
+  }
-    // Headers
+  if (req.response_handler) {
-    req.set_header("Host", host_and_port_.c_str());
+    if (!req.response_handler(res)) { return false; }
+  }
-    if (!req.has_header("Accept")) {
+  // Body
-        req.set_header("Accept", "*/*");
+  if (req.method != "HEAD") {
-    }
+    detail::ContentReceiverCore out = [&](const char *buf, size_t n) {
+      if (res.body.size() + n > res.body.max_size()) { return false; }
+      res.body.append(buf, n);
+      return true;
+    };
-    if (!req.has_header("User-Agent")) {
+    if (req.content_receiver) {
-        req.set_header("User-Agent", "cpp-httplib/0.2");
+      auto offset = std::make_shared<size_t>();
+      auto length = get_header_value_uint64(res.headers, "Content-Length", 0);
+      auto receiver = req.content_receiver;
+      out = [offset, length, receiver](const char *buf, size_t n) {
+        auto ret = receiver(buf, n, *offset, length);
+        (*offset) += n;
+        return ret;
+      };
    }
-    // TODO: Support KeepAlive connection
+    int dummy_status;
-    // if (!req.has_header("Connection")) {
+    if (!detail::read_content(strm, res, std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max(),
-    req.set_header("Connection", "close");
+                              dummy_status, req.progress, out)) {
-    // }
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
-    if (!req.body.empty()) {
+  return true;
-        if (!req.has_header("Content-Type")) {
+}
-            req.set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
-        }
-        auto length = std::to_string(req.body.size());
+inline bool Client::process_and_close_socket(
-        req.set_header("Content-Length", length.c_str());
+    socket_t sock, size_t request_count,
-    }
+    std::function<bool(Stream &strm, bool last_connection,
+                       bool &connection_close)>
+        callback) {
+  request_count = std::min(request_count, keep_alive_max_count_);
+  return detail::process_and_close_socket(true, sock, request_count, callback);
+}
-    detail::write_headers(strm, req);
+inline bool Client::is_ssl() const { return false; }
-    // Body
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Get(const char *path) {
-    if (!req.body.empty()) {
+  Progress dummy;
-        if (req.get_header_value("Content-Type") == "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") {
+  return Get(path, Headers(), dummy);
-            auto str = detail::encode_url(req.body);
-            strm.write(str.c_str(), str.size());
-        } else {
-            strm.write(req.body.c_str(), req.body.size());
-        }
-    }
 }
-inline bool Client::process_request(Stream& strm, Request& req, Response& res, bool& connection_close)
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Get(const char *path,
-{
+                                             Progress progress) {
-    // Send request
+  return Get(path, Headers(), progress);
-    write_request(strm, req);
+}
-    // Receive response and headers
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Get(const char *path,
-    if (!read_response_line(strm, res) || !detail::read_headers(strm, res.headers)) {
+                                             const Headers &headers) {
-        return false;
+  Progress dummy;
-    }
+  return Get(path, headers, dummy);
+}
-    if (res.get_header_value("Connection") == "close" || res.version == "HTTP/1.0") {
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response>
-        connection_close = true;
+Client::Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers, Progress progress) {
-    }
+  Request req;
+  req.method = "GET";
+  req.path = path;
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.progress = progress;
-    // Body
+  auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
-    if (req.method != "HEAD") {
+  return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
-        if (!detail::read_content(strm, res, req.progress)) {
+}
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (res.get_header_value("Content-Encoding") == "gzip") {
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Get(const char *path,
-#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
+                                             ContentReceiver content_receiver) {
-            detail::decompress(res.body);
+  Progress dummy;
-#else
+  return Get(path, Headers(), nullptr, content_receiver, dummy);
-            return false;
+}
-#endif
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Get(const char *path,
+                                             ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+                                             Progress progress) {
+  return Get(path, Headers(), nullptr, content_receiver, progress);
 }
-inline bool Client::read_and_close_socket(socket_t sock, Request& req, Response& res)
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Get(const char *path,
-{
+                                             const Headers &headers,
-    return detail::read_and_close_socket(
+                                             ContentReceiver content_receiver) {
-            sock,
+  Progress dummy;
-            0,
+  return Get(path, headers, nullptr, content_receiver, dummy);
-            [&](Stream& strm, bool /*last_connection*/, bool& connection_close) {
-                return process_request(strm, req, res, connection_close);
-            });
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Get(const char* path, Progress progress)
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Get(const char *path,
-{
+                                             const Headers &headers,
-    return Get(path, Headers(), progress);
+                                             ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+                                             Progress progress) {
+  return Get(path, headers, nullptr, content_receiver, progress);
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Get(const char* path, const Headers& headers, Progress progress)
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Get(const char *path,
-{
+                                             const Headers &headers,
-    Request req;
+                                             ResponseHandler response_handler,
-    req.method = "GET";
+                                             ContentReceiver content_receiver) {
-    req.path = path;
+  Progress dummy;
-    req.headers = headers;
+  return Get(path, headers, response_handler, content_receiver, dummy);
-    req.progress = progress;
+}
-    auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Get(const char *path,
+                                             const Headers &headers,
+                                             ResponseHandler response_handler,
+                                             ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+                                             Progress progress) {
+  Request req;
+  req.method = "GET";
+  req.path = path;
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.response_handler = response_handler;
+  req.content_receiver = content_receiver;
+  req.progress = progress;
-    return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
+  auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
+  return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Head(const char* path)
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Head(const char *path) {
-{
+  return Head(path, Headers());
-    return Head(path, Headers());
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Head(const char* path, const Headers& headers)
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Head(const char *path,
-{
+                                              const Headers &headers) {
-    Request req;
+  Request req;
-    req.method = "HEAD";
+  req.method = "HEAD";
-    req.headers = headers;
+  req.headers = headers;
-    req.path = path;
+  req.path = path;
-    auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
+  auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
-    return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
+  return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Post(
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Post(const char *path,
-        const char* path, const std::string& body, const char* content_type)
+                                              const std::string &body,
-{
+                                              const char *content_type) {
-    return Post(path, Headers(), body, content_type);
+  return Post(path, Headers(), body, content_type);
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Post(
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Post(const char *path,
-        const char* path, const Headers& headers, const std::string& body, const char* content_type)
+                                              const Headers &headers,
-{
+                                              const std::string &body,
-    Request req;
+                                              const char *content_type) {
-    req.method = "POST";
+  Request req;
-    req.headers = headers;
+  req.method = "POST";
-    req.path = path;
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.path = path;
-    req.headers.emplace("Content-Type", content_type);
+  req.headers.emplace("Content-Type", content_type);
-    req.body = body;
+  req.body = body;
-    auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
+  auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
-    return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
+  return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Post(const char* path, const Params& params)
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Post(const char *path,
-{
+                                              const Params &params) {
-    return Post(path, Headers(), params);
+  return Post(path, Headers(), params);
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Post(const char* path, const Headers& headers, const Params& params)
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response>
-{
+Client::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const Params &params) {
-    std::string query;
+  std::string query;
-    for (auto it = params.begin(); it != params.end(); ++it) {
+  for (auto it = params.begin(); it != params.end(); ++it) {
-        if (it != params.begin()) {
+    if (it != params.begin()) { query += "&"; }
-            query += "&";
+    query += it->first;
-        }
+    query += "=";
-        query += it->first;
+    query += detail::encode_url(it->second);
-        query += "=";
+  }
-        query += it->second;
+  return Post(path, headers, query, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
+}
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response>
+Client::Post(const char *path, const MultipartFormDataItems &items) {
+  return Post(path, Headers(), items);
+}
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response>
+Client::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+             const MultipartFormDataItems &items) {
+  Request req;
+  req.method = "POST";
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.path = path;
+  auto boundary = detail::make_multipart_data_boundary();
+  req.headers.emplace("Content-Type",
+                      "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary);
+  for (const auto &item : items) {
+    req.body += "--" + boundary + "\r\n";
+    req.body += "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + item.name + "\"";
+    if (!item.filename.empty()) {
+      req.body += "; filename=\"" + item.filename + "\"";
+    }
+    req.body += "\r\n";
+    if (!item.content_type.empty()) {
+      req.body += "Content-Type: " + item.content_type + "\r\n";
    }
+    req.body += "\r\n";
+    req.body += item.content + "\r\n";
+  }
+  req.body += "--" + boundary + "--\r\n";
+  auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
+  return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
+}
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Put(const char *path,
+                                             const std::string &body,
+                                             const char *content_type) {
+  return Put(path, Headers(), body, content_type);
+}
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Put(const char *path,
+                                             const Headers &headers,
+                                             const std::string &body,
+                                             const char *content_type) {
+  Request req;
+  req.method = "PUT";
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.path = path;
+  req.headers.emplace("Content-Type", content_type);
+  req.body = body;
+  auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
-    return Post(path, headers, query, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
+  return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Put(
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Patch(const char *path,
-        const char* path, const std::string& body, const char* content_type)
+                                               const std::string &body,
-{
+                                               const char *content_type) {
-    return Put(path, Headers(), body, content_type);
+  return Patch(path, Headers(), body, content_type);
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Put(
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Patch(const char *path,
-        const char* path, const Headers& headers, const std::string& body, const char* content_type)
+                                               const Headers &headers,
-{
+                                               const std::string &body,
-    Request req;
+                                               const char *content_type) {
-    req.method = "PUT";
+  Request req;
-    req.headers = headers;
+  req.method = "PATCH";
-    req.path = path;
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.path = path;
-    req.headers.emplace("Content-Type", content_type);
+  req.headers.emplace("Content-Type", content_type);
-    req.body = body;
+  req.body = body;
-    auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
+  auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
-    return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
+  return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Delete(const char* path)
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Delete(const char *path) {
-{
+  return Delete(path, Headers(), std::string(), nullptr);
-    return Delete(path, Headers());
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Delete(const char* path, const Headers& headers)
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Delete(const char *path,
-{
+                                                const std::string &body,
-    Request req;
+                                                const char *content_type) {
-    req.method = "DELETE";
+  return Delete(path, Headers(), body, content_type);
-    req.path = path;
+}
-    req.headers = headers;
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Delete(const char *path,
+                                                const Headers &headers) {
+  return Delete(path, headers, std::string(), nullptr);
+}
-    auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Delete(const char *path,
+                                                const Headers &headers,
+                                                const std::string &body,
+                                                const char *content_type) {
+  Request req;
+  req.method = "DELETE";
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.path = path;
-    return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
+  if (content_type) { req.headers.emplace("Content-Type", content_type); }
+  req.body = body;
+  auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
+  return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Options(const char* path)
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Options(const char *path) {
-{
+  return Options(path, Headers());
-    return Options(path, Headers());
 }
-inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Options(const char* path, const Headers& headers)
+inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Options(const char *path,
-{
+                                                 const Headers &headers) {
-    Request req;
+  Request req;
-    req.method = "OPTIONS";
+  req.method = "OPTIONS";
-    req.path = path;
+  req.path = path;
-    req.headers = headers;
+  req.headers = headers;
+  auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
-    auto res = std::make_shared<Response>();
+  return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
+}
-    return send(req, *res) ? res : nullptr;
+inline void Client::set_keep_alive_max_count(size_t count) {
+  keep_alive_max_count_ = count;
 }
+inline void Client::follow_location(bool on) { follow_location_ = on; }
 /*
 * SSL Implementation
 */
@@ -2152,74 +3284,114 @@ inline std::shared_ptr<Response> Client::Options(const char* path, const Headers
 namespace detail {
 template <typename U, typename V, typename T>
-inline bool read_and_close_socket_ssl(
+inline bool process_and_close_socket_ssl(bool is_client_request, socket_t sock,
-        socket_t sock, size_t keep_alive_max_count,
+                                         size_t keep_alive_max_count,
-        // TODO: OpenSSL 1.0.2 occasionally crashes...
+                                         SSL_CTX *ctx, std::mutex &ctx_mutex,
-        // The upcoming 1.1.0 is going to be thread safe.
+                                         U SSL_connect_or_accept, V setup,
-        SSL_CTX* ctx, std::mutex& ctx_mutex,
+                                         T callback) {
-        U SSL_connect_or_accept, V setup,
+  assert(keep_alive_max_count > 0);
-        T callback)
-{
+  SSL *ssl = nullptr;
-    SSL* ssl = nullptr;
+  {
-    {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(ctx_mutex);
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(ctx_mutex);
+    ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
+  }
-        ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
-        if (!ssl) {
+  if (!ssl) {
-            return false;
+    close_socket(sock);
-        }
+    return false;
-    }
+  }
-    auto bio = BIO_new_socket(sock, BIO_NOCLOSE);
+  auto bio = BIO_new_socket(static_cast<int>(sock), BIO_NOCLOSE);
-    SSL_set_bio(ssl, bio, bio);
+  SSL_set_bio(ssl, bio, bio);
-    setup(ssl);
+  if (!setup(ssl)) {
+    SSL_shutdown(ssl);
+    {
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(ctx_mutex);
+      SSL_free(ssl);
+    }
-    SSL_connect_or_accept(ssl);
+    close_socket(sock);
+    return false;
+  }
-    bool ret = false;
+  bool ret = false;
-    if (keep_alive_max_count > 0) {
+  if (SSL_connect_or_accept(ssl) == 1) {
-        auto count = keep_alive_max_count;
+    if (keep_alive_max_count > 1) {
-        while (count > 0 &&
+      auto count = keep_alive_max_count;
-               detail::select_read(sock,
+      while (count > 0 &&
-                                   CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_SECOND,
+             (is_client_request ||
-                                   CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_USECOND) > 0) {
+              detail::select_read(sock, CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_SECOND,
-            SSLSocketStream strm(sock, ssl);
+                                  CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_USECOND) > 0)) {
-            auto last_connection = count == 1;
+        SSLSocketStream strm(sock, ssl);
-            auto connection_close = false;
+        auto last_connection = count == 1;
+        auto connection_close = false;
-            ret = callback(strm, last_connection, connection_close);
+        ret = callback(ssl, strm, last_connection, connection_close);
-            if (!ret || connection_close) {
+        if (!ret || connection_close) { break; }
-                break;
-            }
-            count--;
+        count--;
-        }
+      }
    } else {
-        SSLSocketStream strm(sock, ssl);
+      SSLSocketStream strm(sock, ssl);
-        auto dummy_connection_close = false;
+      auto dummy_connection_close = false;
-        ret = callback(strm, true, dummy_connection_close);
+      ret = callback(ssl, strm, true, dummy_connection_close);
    }
+  }
-    SSL_shutdown(ssl);
+  SSL_shutdown(ssl);
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(ctx_mutex);
+    SSL_free(ssl);
+  }
-    {
+  close_socket(sock);
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(ctx_mutex);
-        SSL_free(ssl);
-    }
-    close_socket(sock);
-    return ret;
+  return ret;
 }
-class SSLInit {
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100000L
+static std::shared_ptr<std::vector<std::mutex>> openSSL_locks_;
+class SSLThreadLocks {
 public:
-    SSLInit() {
+  SSLThreadLocks() {
-        SSL_load_error_strings();
+    openSSL_locks_ =
-        SSL_library_init();
+        std::make_shared<std::vector<std::mutex>>(CRYPTO_num_locks());
+    CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(locking_callback);
+  }
+  ~SSLThreadLocks() { CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(nullptr); }
+private:
+  static void locking_callback(int mode, int type, const char * /*file*/,
+                               int /*line*/) {
+    auto &locks = *openSSL_locks_;
+    if (mode & CRYPTO_LOCK) {
+      locks[type].lock();
+    } else {
+      locks[type].unlock();
    }
+  }
+};
+#endif
+class SSLInit {
+public:
+  SSLInit() {
+    SSL_load_error_strings();
+    SSL_library_init();
+  }
+  ~SSLInit() { ERR_free_strings(); }
+private:
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100000L
+  SSLThreadLocks thread_init_;
+#endif
 };
 static SSLInit sslinit_;
@@ -2227,118 +3399,319 @@ static SSLInit sslinit_;
 } // namespace detail
 // SSL socket stream implementation
-inline SSLSocketStream::SSLSocketStream(socket_t sock, SSL* ssl)
+inline SSLSocketStream::SSLSocketStream(socket_t sock, SSL *ssl)
-        : sock_(sock), ssl_(ssl)
+    : sock_(sock), ssl_(ssl) {}
-{
-}
-inline SSLSocketStream::~SSLSocketStream()
+inline SSLSocketStream::~SSLSocketStream() {}
-{
+inline int SSLSocketStream::read(char *ptr, size_t size) {
+  if (SSL_pending(ssl_) > 0 ||
+      detail::select_read(sock_, CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_SECOND,
+                          CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_USECOND) > 0) {
+    return SSL_read(ssl_, ptr, static_cast<int>(size));
+  }
+  return -1;
 }
-inline int SSLSocketStream::read(char* ptr, size_t size)
+inline int SSLSocketStream::write(const char *ptr, size_t size) {
-{
+  return SSL_write(ssl_, ptr, static_cast<int>(size));
-    return SSL_read(ssl_, ptr, size);
 }
-inline int SSLSocketStream::write(const char* ptr, size_t size)
+inline int SSLSocketStream::write(const char *ptr) {
-{
+  return write(ptr, strlen(ptr));
-    return SSL_write(ssl_, ptr, size);
 }
-inline int SSLSocketStream::write(const char* ptr)
+inline int SSLSocketStream::write(const std::string &s) {
-{
+  return write(s.data(), s.size());
-    return write(ptr, strlen(ptr));
 }
-inline std::string SSLSocketStream::get_remote_addr() {
+inline std::string SSLSocketStream::get_remote_addr() const {
-    return detail::get_remote_addr(sock_);
+  return detail::get_remote_addr(sock_);
 }
 // SSL HTTP server implementation
-inline SSLServer::SSLServer(const char* cert_path, const char* private_key_path)
+inline SSLServer::SSLServer(const char *cert_path, const char *private_key_path,
-{
+                            const char *client_ca_cert_file_path,
-    ctx_ = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_server_method());
+                            const char *client_ca_cert_dir_path) {
+  ctx_ = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_server_method());
-    if (ctx_) {
-        SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx_,
+  if (ctx_) {
-                            SSL_OP_ALL | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3 |
+    SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx_,
+                        SSL_OP_ALL | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3 |
                            SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION |
                            SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION);
-        // auto ecdh = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(NID_X9_62_prime256v1);
+    // auto ecdh = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(NID_X9_62_prime256v1);
-        // SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh(ctx_, ecdh);
+    // SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh(ctx_, ecdh);
-        // EC_KEY_free(ecdh);
+    // EC_KEY_free(ecdh);
-        if (SSL_CTX_use_certificate_file(ctx_, cert_path, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1 ||
+    if (SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file(ctx_, cert_path) != 1 ||
-            SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(ctx_, private_key_path, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1) {
+        SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(ctx_, private_key_path, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) !=
-            SSL_CTX_free(ctx_);
+            1) {
-            ctx_ = nullptr;
+      SSL_CTX_free(ctx_);
-        }
+      ctx_ = nullptr;
+    } else if (client_ca_cert_file_path || client_ca_cert_dir_path) {
+      // if (client_ca_cert_file_path) {
+      //   auto list = SSL_load_client_CA_file(client_ca_cert_file_path);
+      //   SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list(ctx_, list);
+      // }
+      SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx_, client_ca_cert_file_path,
+                                    client_ca_cert_dir_path);
+      SSL_CTX_set_verify(
+          ctx_,
+          SSL_VERIFY_PEER |
+              SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT, // SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE,
+          nullptr);
    }
+  }
+}
+inline SSLServer::~SSLServer() {
+  if (ctx_) { SSL_CTX_free(ctx_); }
+}
+inline bool SSLServer::is_valid() const { return ctx_; }
+inline bool SSLServer::process_and_close_socket(socket_t sock) {
+  return detail::process_and_close_socket_ssl(
+      false, sock, keep_alive_max_count_, ctx_, ctx_mutex_, SSL_accept,
+      [](SSL * /*ssl*/) { return true; },
+      [this](SSL *ssl, Stream &strm, bool last_connection,
+             bool &connection_close) {
+        return process_request(strm, last_connection, connection_close,
+                               [&](Request &req) { req.ssl = ssl; });
+      });
 }
-inline SSLServer::~SSLServer()
+// SSL HTTP client implementation
-{
+inline SSLClient::SSLClient(const char *host, int port, time_t timeout_sec,
-    if (ctx_) {
+                            const char *client_cert_path,
-        SSL_CTX_free(ctx_);
+                            const char *client_key_path)
+    : Client(host, port, timeout_sec) {
+  ctx_ = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_client_method());
+  detail::split(&host_[0], &host_[host_.size()], '.',
+                [&](const char *b, const char *e) {
+                  host_components_.emplace_back(std::string(b, e));
+                });
+  if (client_cert_path && client_key_path) {
+    if (SSL_CTX_use_certificate_file(ctx_, client_cert_path,
+                                     SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1 ||
+        SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(ctx_, client_key_path, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) !=
+            1) {
+      SSL_CTX_free(ctx_);
+      ctx_ = nullptr;
    }
+  }
 }
-inline bool SSLServer::is_valid() const
+inline SSLClient::~SSLClient() {
-{
+  if (ctx_) { SSL_CTX_free(ctx_); }
-    return ctx_;
 }
-inline bool SSLServer::read_and_close_socket(socket_t sock)
+inline bool SSLClient::is_valid() const { return ctx_; }
-{
-    return detail::read_and_close_socket_ssl(
+inline void SSLClient::set_ca_cert_path(const char *ca_cert_file_path,
-            sock,
+                                        const char *ca_cert_dir_path) {
-            keep_alive_max_count_,
+  if (ca_cert_file_path) { ca_cert_file_path_ = ca_cert_file_path; }
-            ctx_, ctx_mutex_,
+  if (ca_cert_dir_path) { ca_cert_dir_path_ = ca_cert_dir_path; }
-            SSL_accept,
-            [](SSL* /*ssl*/) {},
-            [this](Stream& strm, bool last_connection, bool& connection_close) {
-                return process_request(strm, last_connection, connection_close);
-            });
 }
-// SSL HTTP client implementation
+inline void SSLClient::enable_server_certificate_verification(bool enabled) {
-inline SSLClient::SSLClient(const char* host, int port, size_t timeout_sec)
+  server_certificate_verification_ = enabled;
-        : Client(host, port, timeout_sec)
-{
-    ctx_ = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_client_method());
 }
-inline SSLClient::~SSLClient()
+inline long SSLClient::get_openssl_verify_result() const {
-{
+  return verify_result_;
-    if (ctx_) {
-        SSL_CTX_free(ctx_);
-    }
 }
-inline bool SSLClient::is_valid() const
+inline SSL_CTX* SSLClient::ssl_context() const noexcept {
-{
+        return ctx_;
-    return ctx_;
 }
-inline bool SSLClient::read_and_close_socket(socket_t sock, Request& req, Response& res)
+inline bool SSLClient::process_and_close_socket(
-{
+    socket_t sock, size_t request_count,
-    return is_valid() && detail::read_and_close_socket_ssl(
+    std::function<bool(Stream &strm, bool last_connection,
-            sock, 0,
+                       bool &connection_close)>
-            ctx_, ctx_mutex_,
+        callback) {
-            SSL_connect,
-            [&](SSL* ssl) {
+  request_count = std::min(request_count, keep_alive_max_count_);
-                SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(ssl, host_.c_str());
-            },
+  return is_valid() &&
-            [&](Stream& strm, bool /*last_connection*/, bool& connection_close) {
+         detail::process_and_close_socket_ssl(
-                return process_request(strm, req, res, connection_close);
+             true, sock, request_count, ctx_, ctx_mutex_,
-            });
+             [&](SSL *ssl) {
+               if (ca_cert_file_path_.empty()) {
+                 SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx_, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, nullptr);
+               } else {
+                 if (!SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(
+                         ctx_, ca_cert_file_path_.c_str(), nullptr)) {
+                   return false;
+                 }
+                 SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx_, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, nullptr);
+               }
+               if (SSL_connect(ssl) != 1) { return false; }
+               if (server_certificate_verification_) {
+                 verify_result_ = SSL_get_verify_result(ssl);
+                 if (verify_result_ != X509_V_OK) { return false; }
+                 auto server_cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(ssl);
+                 if (server_cert == nullptr) { return false; }
+                 if (!verify_host(server_cert)) {
+                   X509_free(server_cert);
+                   return false;
+                 }
+                 X509_free(server_cert);
+               }
+               return true;
+             },
+             [&](SSL *ssl) {
+               SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(ssl, host_.c_str());
+               return true;
+             },
+             [&](SSL * /*ssl*/, Stream &strm, bool last_connection,
+                 bool &connection_close) {
+               return callback(strm, last_connection, connection_close);
+             });
+}
+inline bool SSLClient::is_ssl() const { return true; }
+inline bool SSLClient::verify_host(X509 *server_cert) const {
+  /* Quote from RFC2818 section 3.1 "Server Identity"
+     If a subjectAltName extension of type dNSName is present, that MUST
+     be used as the identity. Otherwise, the (most specific) Common Name
+     field in the Subject field of the certificate MUST be used. Although
+     the use of the Common Name is existing practice, it is deprecated and
+     Certification Authorities are encouraged to use the dNSName instead.
+     Matching is performed using the matching rules specified by
+     [RFC2459].  If more than one identity of a given type is present in
+     the certificate (e.g., more than one dNSName name, a match in any one
+     of the set is considered acceptable.) Names may contain the wildcard
+     character * which is considered to match any single domain name
+     component or component fragment. E.g., *.a.com matches foo.a.com but
+     not bar.foo.a.com. f*.com matches foo.com but not bar.com.
+     In some cases, the URI is specified as an IP address rather than a
+     hostname. In this case, the iPAddress subjectAltName must be present
+     in the certificate and must exactly match the IP in the URI.
+  */
+  return verify_host_with_subject_alt_name(server_cert) ||
+         verify_host_with_common_name(server_cert);
 }
+inline bool
+SSLClient::verify_host_with_subject_alt_name(X509 *server_cert) const {
+  auto ret = false;
+  auto type = GEN_DNS;
+  struct in6_addr addr6;
+  struct in_addr addr;
+  size_t addr_len = 0;
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
+  if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, host_.c_str(), &addr6)) {
+    type = GEN_IPADD;
+    addr_len = sizeof(struct in6_addr);
+  } else if (inet_pton(AF_INET, host_.c_str(), &addr)) {
+    type = GEN_IPADD;
+    addr_len = sizeof(struct in_addr);
+  }
 #endif
-} // namespace httplib
+  auto alt_names = static_cast<const struct stack_st_GENERAL_NAME *>(
+      X509_get_ext_d2i(server_cert, NID_subject_alt_name, nullptr, nullptr));
+  if (alt_names) {
+    auto dsn_matched = false;
+    auto ip_mached = false;
+    auto count = sk_GENERAL_NAME_num(alt_names);
+    for (auto i = 0; i < count && !dsn_matched; i++) {
+      auto val = sk_GENERAL_NAME_value(alt_names, i);
+      if (val->type == type) {
+        auto name = (const char *)ASN1_STRING_get0_data(val->d.ia5);
+        auto name_len = (size_t)ASN1_STRING_length(val->d.ia5);
+        if (strlen(name) == name_len) {
+          switch (type) {
+          case GEN_DNS: dsn_matched = check_host_name(name, name_len); break;
+          case GEN_IPADD:
+            if (!memcmp(&addr6, name, addr_len) ||
+                !memcmp(&addr, name, addr_len)) {
+              ip_mached = true;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (dsn_matched || ip_mached) { ret = true; }
+  }
+  GENERAL_NAMES_free((STACK_OF(GENERAL_NAME) *)alt_names);
+  return ret;
+}
+inline bool SSLClient::verify_host_with_common_name(X509 *server_cert) const {
+  const auto subject_name = X509_get_subject_name(server_cert);
+  if (subject_name != nullptr) {
+    char name[BUFSIZ];
+    auto name_len = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(subject_name, NID_commonName,
+                                              name, sizeof(name));
+    if (name_len != -1) { return check_host_name(name, name_len); }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+inline bool SSLClient::check_host_name(const char *pattern,
+                                       size_t pattern_len) const {
+  if (host_.size() == pattern_len && host_ == pattern) { return true; }
+  // Wildcard match
+  // https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/firefox-3.0/+bug/376484
+  std::vector<std::string> pattern_components;
+  detail::split(&pattern[0], &pattern[pattern_len], '.',
+                [&](const char *b, const char *e) {
+                  pattern_components.emplace_back(std::string(b, e));
+                });
+  if (host_components_.size() != pattern_components.size()) { return false; }
+  auto itr = pattern_components.begin();
+  for (const auto &h : host_components_) {
+    auto &p = *itr;
+    if (p != h && p != "*") {
+      auto partial_match = (p.size() > 0 && p[p.size() - 1] == '*' &&
+                            !p.compare(0, p.size() - 1, h));
+      if (!partial_match) { return false; }
+    }
+    ++itr;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
 #endif
-// vim: et ts=4 sw=4 cin cino={1s ff=unix
+} // namespace httplib
+#endif // CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H
diff --git a/src/core/CMakeLists.txt b/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
index 4f6a87b0a..f2e774a6b 100644
--- a/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -522,6 +522,23 @@ add_library(core STATIC
    tools/freezer.h
 )
+if (MSVC)
+    target_compile_options(core PRIVATE
+        # 'expression' : signed/unsigned mismatch
+        /we4018
+        # 'argument' : conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data (floating-point)
+        /we4244
+        # 'conversion' : conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', signed/unsigned mismatch
+        /we4245
+        # 'operator': conversion from 'type1:field_bits' to 'type2:field_bits', possible loss of data
+        /we4254
+        # 'var' : conversion from 'size_t' to 'type', possible loss of data
+        /we4267
+        # 'context' : truncation from 'type1' to 'type2'
+        /we4305
+    )
+endif()
 create_target_directory_groups(core)
 target_link_libraries(core PUBLIC common PRIVATE audio_core video_core)
diff --git a/src/core/arm/dynarmic/arm_dynarmic.cpp b/src/core/arm/dynarmic/arm_dynarmic.cpp
index 700c4afff..a0705b2b8 100644
--- a/src/core/arm/dynarmic/arm_dynarmic.cpp
+++ b/src/core/arm/dynarmic/arm_dynarmic.cpp
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public:
        ARM_Interface::ThreadContext ctx;
        parent.SaveContext(ctx);
        parent.inner_unicorn.LoadContext(ctx);
-        parent.inner_unicorn.ExecuteInstructions(static_cast<int>(num_instructions));
+        parent.inner_unicorn.ExecuteInstructions(num_instructions);
        parent.inner_unicorn.SaveContext(ctx);
        parent.LoadContext(ctx);
        num_interpreted_instructions += num_instructions;
diff --git a/src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.cpp b/src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.cpp
index d4f41bfc1..9698172db 100644
--- a/src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.cpp
+++ b/src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.cpp
@@ -67,10 +67,11 @@ ARM_Unicorn::ARM_Unicorn(System& system) : system{system} {
    CHECKED(uc_reg_write(uc, UC_ARM64_REG_CPACR_EL1, &fpv));
    uc_hook hook{};
-    CHECKED(uc_hook_add(uc, &hook, UC_HOOK_INTR, (void*)InterruptHook, this, 0, -1));
+    CHECKED(uc_hook_add(uc, &hook, UC_HOOK_INTR, (void*)InterruptHook, this, 0, UINT64_MAX));
-    CHECKED(uc_hook_add(uc, &hook, UC_HOOK_MEM_INVALID, (void*)UnmappedMemoryHook, &system, 0, -1));
+    CHECKED(uc_hook_add(uc, &hook, UC_HOOK_MEM_INVALID, (void*)UnmappedMemoryHook, &system, 0,
+                        UINT64_MAX));
    if (GDBStub::IsServerEnabled()) {
-        CHECKED(uc_hook_add(uc, &hook, UC_HOOK_CODE, (void*)CodeHook, this, 0, -1));
+        CHECKED(uc_hook_add(uc, &hook, UC_HOOK_CODE, (void*)CodeHook, this, 0, UINT64_MAX));
        last_bkpt_hit = false;
    }
 }
@@ -154,9 +155,10 @@ void ARM_Unicorn::SetTPIDR_EL0(u64 value) {
 void ARM_Unicorn::Run() {
    if (GDBStub::IsServerEnabled()) {
-        ExecuteInstructions(std::max(4000000, 0));
+        ExecuteInstructions(std::max(4000000U, 0U));
    } else {
-        ExecuteInstructions(std::max(system.CoreTiming().GetDowncount(), s64{0}));
+        ExecuteInstructions(
+            std::max(std::size_t(system.CoreTiming().GetDowncount()), std::size_t{0}));
    }
 }
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ void ARM_Unicorn::Step() {
 MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(ARM_Jit_Unicorn, "ARM JIT", "Unicorn", MP_RGB(255, 64, 64));
-void ARM_Unicorn::ExecuteInstructions(int num_instructions) {
+void ARM_Unicorn::ExecuteInstructions(std::size_t num_instructions) {
    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(ARM_Jit_Unicorn);
    CHECKED(uc_emu_start(uc, GetPC(), 1ULL << 63, 0, num_instructions));
    system.CoreTiming().AddTicks(num_instructions);
diff --git a/src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.h b/src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.h
index fe2ffd70c..b39426ea0 100644
--- a/src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.h
+++ b/src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public:
    void LoadContext(const ThreadContext& ctx) override;
    void PrepareReschedule() override;
    void ClearExclusiveState() override;
-    void ExecuteInstructions(int num_instructions);
+    void ExecuteInstructions(std::size_t num_instructions);
    void Run() override;
    void Step() override;
    void ClearInstructionCache() override;
diff --git a/src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp b/src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp
index 487b57053..87e6a1fd3 100644
--- a/src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "common/file_util.h"
 #include "common/hex_util.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/crypto/aes_util.h"
 #include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
@@ -378,8 +379,9 @@ std::vector<Ticket> GetTicketblob(const FileUtil::IOFile& ticket_save) {
 template <size_t size>
 static std::array<u8, size> operator^(const std::array<u8, size>& lhs,
                                      const std::array<u8, size>& rhs) {
-    std::array<u8, size> out{};
+    std::array<u8, size> out;
-    std::transform(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin(), out.begin(), std::bit_xor<>());
+    std::transform(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin(), out.begin(),
+                   [](u8 lhs, u8 rhs) { return u8(lhs ^ rhs); });
    return out;
 }
@@ -538,7 +540,7 @@ void KeyManager::LoadFromFile(const std::string& filename, bool is_title_keys) {
            Key128 key = Common::HexStringToArray<16>(out[1]);
            s128_keys[{S128KeyType::Titlekey, rights_id[1], rights_id[0]}] = key;
        } else {
-            std::transform(out[0].begin(), out[0].end(), out[0].begin(), ::tolower);
+            out[0] = Common::ToLower(out[0]);
            if (s128_file_id.find(out[0]) != s128_file_id.end()) {
                const auto index = s128_file_id.at(out[0]);
                Key128 key = Common::HexStringToArray<16>(out[1]);
@@ -948,12 +950,10 @@ void KeyManager::DeriveETicket(PartitionDataManager& data) {
        return;
    }
-    Key128 rsa_oaep_kek{};
+    const Key128 rsa_oaep_kek = seed3 ^ mask0;
-    std::transform(seed3.begin(), seed3.end(), mask0.begin(), rsa_oaep_kek.begin(),
+    if (rsa_oaep_kek == Key128{}) {
-                   std::bit_xor<>());
-    if (rsa_oaep_kek == Key128{})
        return;
+    }
    SetKey(S128KeyType::Source, rsa_oaep_kek,
           static_cast<u64>(SourceKeyType::RSAOaepKekGeneration));
diff --git a/src/core/crypto/partition_data_manager.cpp b/src/core/crypto/partition_data_manager.cpp
index a4b09fd12..d64302f2e 100644
--- a/src/core/crypto/partition_data_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/core/crypto/partition_data_manager.cpp
@@ -204,11 +204,12 @@ static std::array<Key128, 0x20> FindEncryptedMasterKeyFromHex(const std::vector<
 FileSys::VirtualFile FindFileInDirWithNames(const FileSys::VirtualDir& dir,
                                            const std::string& name) {
-    auto upper = name;
+    const auto upper = Common::ToUpper(name);
-    std::transform(upper.begin(), upper.end(), upper.begin(), [](u8 c) { return std::toupper(c); });
    for (const auto& fname : {name, name + ".bin", upper, upper + ".BIN"}) {
-        if (dir->GetFile(fname) != nullptr)
+        if (dir->GetFile(fname) != nullptr) {
            return dir->GetFile(fname);
+        }
    }
    return nullptr;
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/kernel_executable.cpp b/src/core/file_sys/kernel_executable.cpp
index 371300684..76313679d 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/kernel_executable.cpp
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/kernel_executable.cpp
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ std::vector<u32> KIP::GetKernelCapabilities() const {
 }
 s32 KIP::GetMainThreadPriority() const {
-    return header.main_thread_priority;
+    return static_cast<s32>(header.main_thread_priority);
 }
 u32 KIP::GetMainThreadStackSize() const {
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.cpp b/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.cpp
index 7310b3602..1d6c30962 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.cpp
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.cpp
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ Loader::ResultStatus ProgramMetadata::Load(VirtualFile file) {
 }
 void ProgramMetadata::LoadManual(bool is_64_bit, ProgramAddressSpaceType address_space,
-                                 u8 main_thread_prio, u8 main_thread_core,
+                                 s32 main_thread_prio, u32 main_thread_core,
                                 u32 main_thread_stack_size, u64 title_id,
                                 u64 filesystem_permissions,
                                 KernelCapabilityDescriptors capabilities) {
    npdm_header.has_64_bit_instructions.Assign(is_64_bit);
    npdm_header.address_space_type.Assign(address_space);
-    npdm_header.main_thread_priority = main_thread_prio;
+    npdm_header.main_thread_priority = static_cast<u8>(main_thread_prio);
-    npdm_header.main_thread_cpu = main_thread_core;
+    npdm_header.main_thread_cpu = static_cast<u8>(main_thread_core);
    npdm_header.main_stack_size = main_thread_stack_size;
    aci_header.title_id = title_id;
    aci_file_access.permissions = filesystem_permissions;
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.h b/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.h
index 88ec97d85..f8759a396 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.h
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.h
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ public:
    Loader::ResultStatus Load(VirtualFile file);
    // Load from parameters instead of NPDM file, used for KIP
-    void LoadManual(bool is_64_bit, ProgramAddressSpaceType address_space, u8 main_thread_prio,
+    void LoadManual(bool is_64_bit, ProgramAddressSpaceType address_space, s32 main_thread_prio,
-                    u8 main_thread_core, u32 main_thread_stack_size, u64 title_id,
+                    u32 main_thread_core, u32 main_thread_stack_size, u64 title_id,
                    u64 filesystem_permissions, KernelCapabilityDescriptors capabilities);
    bool Is64BitProgram() const;
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/romfs_factory.cpp b/src/core/file_sys/romfs_factory.cpp
index 4bd2e6183..418a39a7e 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/romfs_factory.cpp
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/romfs_factory.cpp
@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ ResultVal<VirtualFile> RomFSFactory::Open(u64 title_id, StorageId storage,
    if (res == nullptr) {
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find the right error code to use here
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    const auto romfs = res->GetRomFS();
    if (romfs == nullptr) {
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find the right error code to use here
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    return MakeResult<VirtualFile>(romfs);
 }
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/savedata_factory.cpp b/src/core/file_sys/savedata_factory.cpp
index e2a7eaf7b..f3def93ab 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/savedata_factory.cpp
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/savedata_factory.cpp
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ ResultVal<VirtualDir> SaveDataFactory::Create(SaveDataSpaceId space,
    // Return an error if the save data doesn't actually exist.
    if (out == nullptr) {
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find out correct error code.
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    return MakeResult<VirtualDir>(std::move(out));
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ ResultVal<VirtualDir> SaveDataFactory::Open(SaveDataSpaceId space,
    // Return an error if the save data doesn't actually exist.
    if (out == nullptr) {
        // TODO(Subv): Find out correct error code.
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    return MakeResult<VirtualDir>(std::move(out));
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/vfs_libzip.cpp b/src/core/file_sys/vfs_libzip.cpp
index 8bdaa7e4a..11d1978ea 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/vfs_libzip.cpp
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/vfs_libzip.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ VirtualDir ExtractZIP(VirtualFile file) {
    std::shared_ptr<VectorVfsDirectory> out = std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>();
-    const auto num_entries = zip_get_num_entries(zip.get(), 0);
+    const auto num_entries = static_cast<std::size_t>(zip_get_num_entries(zip.get(), 0));
    zip_stat_t stat{};
    zip_stat_init(&stat);
diff --git a/src/core/file_sys/xts_archive.cpp b/src/core/file_sys/xts_archive.cpp
index 7ca375791..86e06ccb9 100644
--- a/src/core/file_sys/xts_archive.cpp
+++ b/src/core/file_sys/xts_archive.cpp
@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <regex>
 #include <string>
 #include <mbedtls/md.h>
 #include <mbedtls/sha256.h>
-#include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/file_util.h"
 #include "common/hex_util.h"
-#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "core/crypto/aes_util.h"
 #include "core/crypto/xts_encryption_layer.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/partition_filesystem.h"
@@ -53,11 +54,8 @@ NAX::NAX(VirtualFile file_) : header(std::make_unique<NAXHeader>()), file(std::m
        return;
    }
-    std::string two_dir = match[1];
+    const std::string two_dir = Common::ToUpper(match[1]);
-    std::string nca_id = match[2];
+    const std::string nca_id = Common::ToLower(match[2]);
-    std::transform(two_dir.begin(), two_dir.end(), two_dir.begin(), ::toupper);
-    std::transform(nca_id.begin(), nca_id.end(), nca_id.begin(), ::tolower);
    status = Parse(fmt::format("/registered/{}/{}.nca", two_dir, nca_id));
 }
diff --git a/src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.cpp b/src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.cpp
index 20bb50868..54ed680db 100644
--- a/src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.cpp
+++ b/src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.cpp
@@ -468,7 +468,8 @@ static u8 ReadByte() {
 /// Calculate the checksum of the current command buffer.
 static u8 CalculateChecksum(const u8* buffer, std::size_t length) {
-    return static_cast<u8>(std::accumulate(buffer, buffer + length, 0, std::plus<u8>()));
+    return static_cast<u8>(std::accumulate(buffer, buffer + length, u8{0},
+                                           [](u8 lhs, u8 rhs) { return u8(lhs + rhs); }));
 }
 /**
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.cpp
index 0e2dbf13e..16e95381b 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.cpp
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@ void GlobalScheduler::RemoveThread(const Thread* thread) {
                      thread_list.end());
 }
-void GlobalScheduler::UnloadThread(s32 core) {
+void GlobalScheduler::UnloadThread(std::size_t core) {
    Scheduler& sched = system.Scheduler(core);
    sched.UnloadThread();
 }
-void GlobalScheduler::SelectThread(u32 core) {
+void GlobalScheduler::SelectThread(std::size_t core) {
    const auto update_thread = [](Thread* thread, Scheduler& sched) {
        if (thread != sched.selected_thread) {
            if (thread == nullptr) {
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ void GlobalScheduler::SelectThread(u32 core) {
    // if we got a suggested thread, select it, else do a second pass.
    if (winner && winner->GetPriority() > 2) {
        if (winner->IsRunning()) {
-            UnloadThread(winner->GetProcessorID());
+            UnloadThread(static_cast<u32>(winner->GetProcessorID()));
        }
-        TransferToCore(winner->GetPriority(), core, winner);
+        TransferToCore(winner->GetPriority(), static_cast<s32>(core), winner);
        update_thread(winner, sched);
        return;
    }
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ void GlobalScheduler::SelectThread(u32 core) {
            Thread* thread_on_core = scheduled_queue[src_core].front();
            Thread* to_change = *it;
            if (thread_on_core->IsRunning() || to_change->IsRunning()) {
-                UnloadThread(src_core);
+                UnloadThread(static_cast<u32>(src_core));
            }
-            TransferToCore(thread_on_core->GetPriority(), core, thread_on_core);
+            TransferToCore(thread_on_core->GetPriority(), static_cast<s32>(core), thread_on_core);
            current_thread = thread_on_core;
            break;
        }
@@ -154,9 +154,9 @@ bool GlobalScheduler::YieldThreadAndBalanceLoad(Thread* yielding_thread) {
    if (winner != nullptr) {
        if (winner != yielding_thread) {
            if (winner->IsRunning()) {
-                UnloadThread(winner->GetProcessorID());
+                UnloadThread(static_cast<u32>(winner->GetProcessorID()));
            }
-            TransferToCore(winner->GetPriority(), core_id, winner);
+            TransferToCore(winner->GetPriority(), s32(core_id), winner);
        }
    } else {
        winner = next_thread;
@@ -196,9 +196,9 @@ bool GlobalScheduler::YieldThreadAndWaitForLoadBalancing(Thread* yielding_thread
        if (winner != nullptr) {
            if (winner != yielding_thread) {
                if (winner->IsRunning()) {
-                    UnloadThread(winner->GetProcessorID());
+                    UnloadThread(static_cast<u32>(winner->GetProcessorID()));
                }
-                TransferToCore(winner->GetPriority(), core_id, winner);
+                TransferToCore(winner->GetPriority(), static_cast<s32>(core_id), winner);
            }
        } else {
            winner = yielding_thread;
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ void GlobalScheduler::PreemptThreads() {
        if (winner != nullptr) {
            if (winner->IsRunning()) {
-                UnloadThread(winner->GetProcessorID());
+                UnloadThread(static_cast<u32>(winner->GetProcessorID()));
            }
            TransferToCore(winner->GetPriority(), s32(core_id), winner);
            current_thread =
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ void GlobalScheduler::PreemptThreads() {
            if (winner != nullptr) {
                if (winner->IsRunning()) {
-                    UnloadThread(winner->GetProcessorID());
+                    UnloadThread(static_cast<u32>(winner->GetProcessorID()));
                }
                TransferToCore(winner->GetPriority(), s32(core_id), winner);
                current_thread = winner;
@@ -292,30 +292,30 @@ void GlobalScheduler::PreemptThreads() {
    }
 }
-void GlobalScheduler::Suggest(u32 priority, u32 core, Thread* thread) {
+void GlobalScheduler::Suggest(u32 priority, std::size_t core, Thread* thread) {
    suggested_queue[core].add(thread, priority);
 }
-void GlobalScheduler::Unsuggest(u32 priority, u32 core, Thread* thread) {
+void GlobalScheduler::Unsuggest(u32 priority, std::size_t core, Thread* thread) {
    suggested_queue[core].remove(thread, priority);
 }
-void GlobalScheduler::Schedule(u32 priority, u32 core, Thread* thread) {
+void GlobalScheduler::Schedule(u32 priority, std::size_t core, Thread* thread) {
    ASSERT_MSG(thread->GetProcessorID() == s32(core), "Thread must be assigned to this core.");
    scheduled_queue[core].add(thread, priority);
 }
-void GlobalScheduler::SchedulePrepend(u32 priority, u32 core, Thread* thread) {
+void GlobalScheduler::SchedulePrepend(u32 priority, std::size_t core, Thread* thread) {
    ASSERT_MSG(thread->GetProcessorID() == s32(core), "Thread must be assigned to this core.");
    scheduled_queue[core].add(thread, priority, false);
 }
-void GlobalScheduler::Reschedule(u32 priority, u32 core, Thread* thread) {
+void GlobalScheduler::Reschedule(u32 priority, std::size_t core, Thread* thread) {
    scheduled_queue[core].remove(thread, priority);
    scheduled_queue[core].add(thread, priority);
 }
-void GlobalScheduler::Unschedule(u32 priority, u32 core, Thread* thread) {
+void GlobalScheduler::Unschedule(u32 priority, std::size_t core, Thread* thread) {
    scheduled_queue[core].remove(thread, priority);
 }
@@ -327,14 +327,14 @@ void GlobalScheduler::TransferToCore(u32 priority, s32 destination_core, Thread*
    }
    thread->SetProcessorID(destination_core);
    if (source_core >= 0) {
-        Unschedule(priority, source_core, thread);
+        Unschedule(priority, static_cast<u32>(source_core), thread);
    }
    if (destination_core >= 0) {
-        Unsuggest(priority, destination_core, thread);
+        Unsuggest(priority, static_cast<u32>(destination_core), thread);
-        Schedule(priority, destination_core, thread);
+        Schedule(priority, static_cast<u32>(destination_core), thread);
    }
    if (source_core >= 0) {
-        Suggest(priority, source_core, thread);
+        Suggest(priority, static_cast<u32>(source_core), thread);
    }
 }
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ void GlobalScheduler::Shutdown() {
    thread_list.clear();
 }
-Scheduler::Scheduler(Core::System& system, Core::ARM_Interface& cpu_core, u32 core_id)
+Scheduler::Scheduler(Core::System& system, Core::ARM_Interface& cpu_core, std::size_t core_id)
    : system(system), cpu_core(cpu_core), core_id(core_id) {}
 Scheduler::~Scheduler() = default;
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.h
index f2d6311b8..311849dfb 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.h
@@ -42,41 +42,34 @@ public:
     * Add a thread to the suggested queue of a cpu core. Suggested threads may be
     * picked if no thread is scheduled to run on the core.
     */
-    void Suggest(u32 priority, u32 core, Thread* thread);
+    void Suggest(u32 priority, std::size_t core, Thread* thread);
    /**
     * Remove a thread to the suggested queue of a cpu core. Suggested threads may be
     * picked if no thread is scheduled to run on the core.
     */
-    void Unsuggest(u32 priority, u32 core, Thread* thread);
+    void Unsuggest(u32 priority, std::size_t core, Thread* thread);
    /**
     * Add a thread to the scheduling queue of a cpu core. The thread is added at the
     * back the queue in its priority level.
     */
-    void Schedule(u32 priority, u32 core, Thread* thread);
+    void Schedule(u32 priority, std::size_t core, Thread* thread);
    /**
     * Add a thread to the scheduling queue of a cpu core. The thread is added at the
     * front the queue in its priority level.
     */
-    void SchedulePrepend(u32 priority, u32 core, Thread* thread);
+    void SchedulePrepend(u32 priority, std::size_t core, Thread* thread);
    /// Reschedule an already scheduled thread based on a new priority
-    void Reschedule(u32 priority, u32 core, Thread* thread);
+    void Reschedule(u32 priority, std::size_t core, Thread* thread);
    /// Unschedules a thread.
-    void Unschedule(u32 priority, u32 core, Thread* thread);
+    void Unschedule(u32 priority, std::size_t core, Thread* thread);
-    /**
-     * Transfers a thread into an specific core. If the destination_core is -1
-     * it will be unscheduled from its source code and added into its suggested
-     * queue.
-     */
-    void TransferToCore(u32 priority, s32 destination_core, Thread* thread);
    /// Selects a core and forces it to unload its current thread's context
-    void UnloadThread(s32 core);
+    void UnloadThread(std::size_t core);
    /**
     * Takes care of selecting the new scheduled thread in three steps:
@@ -90,9 +83,9 @@ public:
     * 3. Third is no suggested thread is found, we do a second pass and pick a running
     *    thread in another core and swap it with its current thread.
     */
-    void SelectThread(u32 core);
+    void SelectThread(std::size_t core);
-    bool HaveReadyThreads(u32 core_id) const {
+    bool HaveReadyThreads(std::size_t core_id) const {
        return !scheduled_queue[core_id].empty();
    }
@@ -145,6 +138,13 @@ public:
    void Shutdown();
 private:
+    /**
+     * Transfers a thread into an specific core. If the destination_core is -1
+     * it will be unscheduled from its source code and added into its suggested
+     * queue.
+     */
+    void TransferToCore(u32 priority, s32 destination_core, Thread* thread);
    bool AskForReselectionOrMarkRedundant(Thread* current_thread, const Thread* winner);
    static constexpr u32 min_regular_priority = 2;
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ private:
 class Scheduler final {
 public:
-    explicit Scheduler(Core::System& system, Core::ARM_Interface& cpu_core, u32 core_id);
+    explicit Scheduler(Core::System& system, Core::ARM_Interface& cpu_core, std::size_t core_id);
    ~Scheduler();
    /// Returns whether there are any threads that are ready to run.
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ private:
    Core::ARM_Interface& cpu_core;
    u64 last_context_switch_time = 0;
    u64 idle_selection_count = 0;
-    const u32 core_id;
+    const std::size_t core_id;
    bool is_context_switch_pending = false;
 };
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/thread.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/thread.cpp
index 962530d2d..ee7531f2d 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/thread.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/thread.cpp
@@ -77,18 +77,6 @@ void Thread::CancelWakeupTimer() {
                                                             callback_handle);
 }
-static std::optional<s32> GetNextProcessorId(u64 mask) {
-    for (s32 index = 0; index < Core::NUM_CPU_CORES; ++index) {
-        if (mask & (1ULL << index)) {
-            if (!Core::System::GetInstance().Scheduler(index).GetCurrentThread()) {
-                // Core is enabled and not running any threads, use this one
-                return index;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return {};
-}
 void Thread::ResumeFromWait() {
    ASSERT_MSG(wait_objects.empty(), "Thread is waking up while waiting for objects");
@@ -173,7 +161,7 @@ ResultVal<SharedPtr<Thread>> Thread::Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string name
    if (!Memory::IsValidVirtualAddress(owner_process, entry_point)) {
        LOG_ERROR(Kernel_SVC, "(name={}): invalid entry {:016X}", name, entry_point);
        // TODO (bunnei): Find the correct error code to use here
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    auto& system = Core::System::GetInstance();
@@ -401,7 +389,7 @@ void Thread::SetCurrentPriority(u32 new_priority) {
 ResultCode Thread::SetCoreAndAffinityMask(s32 new_core, u64 new_affinity_mask) {
    const auto HighestSetCore = [](u64 mask, u32 max_cores) {
-        for (s32 core = max_cores - 1; core >= 0; core--) {
+        for (s32 core = static_cast<s32>(max_cores - 1); core >= 0; core--) {
            if (((mask >> core) & 1) != 0) {
                return core;
            }
@@ -425,7 +413,7 @@ ResultCode Thread::SetCoreAndAffinityMask(s32 new_core, u64 new_affinity_mask) {
        if (old_affinity_mask != new_affinity_mask) {
            const s32 old_core = processor_id;
            if (processor_id >= 0 && ((affinity_mask >> processor_id) & 1) == 0) {
-                if (ideal_core < 0) {
+                if (static_cast<s32>(ideal_core) < 0) {
                    processor_id = HighestSetCore(affinity_mask, GlobalScheduler::NUM_CPU_CORES);
                } else {
                    processor_id = ideal_core;
@@ -447,23 +435,23 @@ void Thread::AdjustSchedulingOnStatus(u32 old_flags) {
        ThreadSchedStatus::Runnable) {
        // In this case the thread was running, now it's pausing/exitting
        if (processor_id >= 0) {
-            scheduler.Unschedule(current_priority, processor_id, this);
+            scheduler.Unschedule(current_priority, static_cast<u32>(processor_id), this);
        }
-        for (s32 core = 0; core < GlobalScheduler::NUM_CPU_CORES; core++) {
+        for (u32 core = 0; core < GlobalScheduler::NUM_CPU_CORES; core++) {
-            if (core != processor_id && ((affinity_mask >> core) & 1) != 0) {
+            if (core != static_cast<u32>(processor_id) && ((affinity_mask >> core) & 1) != 0) {
-                scheduler.Unsuggest(current_priority, static_cast<u32>(core), this);
+                scheduler.Unsuggest(current_priority, core, this);
            }
        }
    } else if (GetSchedulingStatus() == ThreadSchedStatus::Runnable) {
        // The thread is now set to running from being stopped
        if (processor_id >= 0) {
-            scheduler.Schedule(current_priority, processor_id, this);
+            scheduler.Schedule(current_priority, static_cast<u32>(processor_id), this);
        }
-        for (s32 core = 0; core < GlobalScheduler::NUM_CPU_CORES; core++) {
+        for (u32 core = 0; core < GlobalScheduler::NUM_CPU_CORES; core++) {
-            if (core != processor_id && ((affinity_mask >> core) & 1) != 0) {
+            if (core != static_cast<u32>(processor_id) && ((affinity_mask >> core) & 1) != 0) {
-                scheduler.Suggest(current_priority, static_cast<u32>(core), this);
+                scheduler.Suggest(current_priority, core, this);
            }
        }
    }
@@ -477,11 +465,11 @@ void Thread::AdjustSchedulingOnPriority(u32 old_priority) {
    }
    auto& scheduler = Core::System::GetInstance().GlobalScheduler();
    if (processor_id >= 0) {
-        scheduler.Unschedule(old_priority, processor_id, this);
+        scheduler.Unschedule(old_priority, static_cast<u32>(processor_id), this);
    }
    for (u32 core = 0; core < GlobalScheduler::NUM_CPU_CORES; core++) {
-        if (core != processor_id && ((affinity_mask >> core) & 1) != 0) {
+        if (core != static_cast<u32>(processor_id) && ((affinity_mask >> core) & 1) != 0) {
            scheduler.Unsuggest(old_priority, core, this);
        }
    }
@@ -491,14 +479,14 @@ void Thread::AdjustSchedulingOnPriority(u32 old_priority) {
    if (processor_id >= 0) {
        if (current_thread == this) {
-            scheduler.SchedulePrepend(current_priority, processor_id, this);
+            scheduler.SchedulePrepend(current_priority, static_cast<u32>(processor_id), this);
        } else {
-            scheduler.Schedule(current_priority, processor_id, this);
+            scheduler.Schedule(current_priority, static_cast<u32>(processor_id), this);
        }
    }
    for (u32 core = 0; core < GlobalScheduler::NUM_CPU_CORES; core++) {
-        if (core != processor_id && ((affinity_mask >> core) & 1) != 0) {
+        if (core != static_cast<u32>(processor_id) && ((affinity_mask >> core) & 1) != 0) {
            scheduler.Suggest(current_priority, core, this);
        }
    }
@@ -515,7 +503,7 @@ void Thread::AdjustSchedulingOnAffinity(u64 old_affinity_mask, s32 old_core) {
    for (u32 core = 0; core < GlobalScheduler::NUM_CPU_CORES; core++) {
        if (((old_affinity_mask >> core) & 1) != 0) {
-            if (core == old_core) {
+            if (core == static_cast<u32>(old_core)) {
                scheduler.Unschedule(current_priority, core, this);
            } else {
                scheduler.Unsuggest(current_priority, core, this);
@@ -525,7 +513,7 @@ void Thread::AdjustSchedulingOnAffinity(u64 old_affinity_mask, s32 old_core) {
    for (u32 core = 0; core < GlobalScheduler::NUM_CPU_CORES; core++) {
        if (((affinity_mask >> core) & 1) != 0) {
-            if (core == processor_id) {
+            if (core == static_cast<u32>(processor_id)) {
                scheduler.Schedule(current_priority, core, this);
            } else {
                scheduler.Suggest(current_priority, core, this);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.cpp
index c7af87073..e6eee09d7 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.cpp
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ ResultVal<VAddr> VMManager::FindFreeRegion(VAddr begin, VAddr end, u64 size) con
    if (vma_handle == vma_map.cend()) {
        // TODO(Subv): Find the correct error code here.
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    const VAddr target = std::max(begin, vma_handle->second.base);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/result.h b/src/core/hle/result.h
index 8a3701151..450f61fea 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/result.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/result.h
@@ -147,6 +147,14 @@ constexpr bool operator!=(const ResultCode& a, const ResultCode& b) {
 constexpr ResultCode RESULT_SUCCESS(0);
 /**
+ * Placeholder result code used for unknown error codes.
+ *
+ * @note This should only be used when a particular error code
+ *       is not known yet.
+ */
+constexpr ResultCode RESULT_UNKNOWN(UINT32_MAX);
+/**
 * This is an optional value type. It holds a `ResultCode` and, if that code is a success code,
 * also holds a result of type `T`. If the code is an error code then trying to access the inner
 * value fails, thus ensuring that the ResultCode of functions is always checked properly before
@@ -183,7 +191,7 @@ class ResultVal {
 public:
    /// Constructs an empty `ResultVal` with the given error code. The code must not be a success
    /// code.
-    ResultVal(ResultCode error_code = ResultCode(-1)) : result_code(error_code) {
+    ResultVal(ResultCode error_code = RESULT_UNKNOWN) : result_code(error_code) {
        ASSERT(error_code.IsError());
    }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/acc/acc.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/acc/acc.cpp
index 0c0f7ed6e..7e3e311fb 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/acc/acc.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/acc/acc.cpp
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ protected:
            LOG_ERROR(Service_ACC, "Failed to get profile base and data for user={}",
                      user_id.Format());
            IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
-            rb.Push(ResultCode(-1)); // TODO(ogniK): Get actual error code
+            rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN); // TODO(ogniK): Get actual error code
        }
    }
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ protected:
        } else {
            LOG_ERROR(Service_ACC, "Failed to get profile base for user={}", user_id.Format());
            IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
-            rb.Push(ResultCode(-1)); // TODO(ogniK): Get actual error code
+            rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN); // TODO(ogniK): Get actual error code
        }
    }
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ void Module::Interface::TrySelectUserWithoutInteraction(Kernel::HLERequestContex
    const auto user_list = profile_manager->GetAllUsers();
    if (std::all_of(user_list.begin(), user_list.end(),
                    [](const auto& user) { return user.uuid == Common::INVALID_UUID; })) {
-        rb.Push(ResultCode(-1)); // TODO(ogniK): Find the correct error code
+        rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN); // TODO(ogniK): Find the correct error code
        rb.PushRaw<u128>(Common::INVALID_UUID);
        return;
    }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/acc/profile_manager.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/acc/profile_manager.cpp
index 8f9986326..3e756e59e 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/acc/profile_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/acc/profile_manager.cpp
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ struct ProfileDataRaw {
 static_assert(sizeof(ProfileDataRaw) == 0x650, "ProfileDataRaw has incorrect size.");
 // TODO(ogniK): Get actual error codes
-constexpr ResultCode ERROR_TOO_MANY_USERS(ErrorModule::Account, -1);
+constexpr ResultCode ERROR_TOO_MANY_USERS(ErrorModule::Account, u32(-1));
-constexpr ResultCode ERROR_USER_ALREADY_EXISTS(ErrorModule::Account, -2);
+constexpr ResultCode ERROR_USER_ALREADY_EXISTS(ErrorModule::Account, u32(-2));
 constexpr ResultCode ERROR_ARGUMENT_IS_NULL(ErrorModule::Account, 20);
 constexpr char ACC_SAVE_AVATORS_BASE_PATH[] = "/system/save/8000000000000010/su/avators/";
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp
index d52ec4387..a5702e1ab 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp
@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ void ILibraryAppletCreator::CreateLibraryApplet(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx)
        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Applet doesn't exist! applet_id={}", static_cast<u32>(applet_id));
        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
-        rb.Push(ResultCode(-1));
+        rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN);
        return;
    }
@@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ void ILibraryAppletCreator::CreateTransferMemoryStorage(Kernel::HLERequestContex
    if (transfer_mem == nullptr) {
        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "shared_mem is a nullpr for handle={:08X}", handle);
        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
-        rb.Push(ResultCode(-1));
+        rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN);
        return;
    }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/am/applets/web_browser.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/am/applets/web_browser.cpp
index 32283e819..5546ef6e8 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/am/applets/web_browser.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/am/applets/web_browser.cpp
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ void WebBrowser::ExecuteInternal() {
 void WebBrowser::InitializeShop() {
    if (frontend_e_commerce == nullptr) {
        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Missing ECommerce Applet frontend!");
-        status = ResultCode(-1);
+        status = RESULT_UNKNOWN;
        return;
    }
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ void WebBrowser::InitializeShop() {
    if (url == args.end()) {
        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Missing EShop Arguments URL for initialization!");
-        status = ResultCode(-1);
+        status = RESULT_UNKNOWN;
        return;
    }
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ void WebBrowser::InitializeShop() {
    // Less is missing info, More is malformed
    if (split_query.size() != 2) {
        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "EShop Arguments has more than one question mark, malformed");
-        status = ResultCode(-1);
+        status = RESULT_UNKNOWN;
        return;
    }
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ void WebBrowser::InitializeShop() {
    if (scene == shop_query.end()) {
        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "No scene parameter was passed via shop query!");
-        status = ResultCode(-1);
+        status = RESULT_UNKNOWN;
        return;
    }
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ void WebBrowser::InitializeShop() {
    const auto target = target_map.find(scene->second);
    if (target == target_map.end()) {
        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Scene for shop query is invalid! (scene={})", scene->second);
-        status = ResultCode(-1);
+        status = RESULT_UNKNOWN;
        return;
    }
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ void WebBrowser::InitializeOffline() {
    if (args.find(WebArgTLVType::DocumentPath) == args.end() ||
        args.find(WebArgTLVType::DocumentKind) == args.end() ||
        args.find(WebArgTLVType::ApplicationID) == args.end()) {
-        status = ResultCode(-1);
+        status = RESULT_UNKNOWN;
        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Missing necessary parameters for initialization!");
    }
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ void WebBrowser::InitializeOffline() {
    offline_romfs = GetApplicationRomFS(system, title_id, type);
    if (offline_romfs == nullptr) {
-        status = ResultCode(-1);
+        status = RESULT_UNKNOWN;
        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Failed to find offline data for request!");
    }
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ void WebBrowser::ExecuteShop() {
    const auto check_optional_parameter = [this](const auto& p) {
        if (!p.has_value()) {
            LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Missing one or more necessary parameters for execution!");
-            status = ResultCode(-1);
+            status = RESULT_UNKNOWN;
            return false;
        }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/aoc/aoc_u.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/aoc/aoc_u.cpp
index f36ccbc49..30076a53e 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/aoc/aoc_u.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/aoc/aoc_u.cpp
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ void AOC_U::ListAddOnContent(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
    if (out.size() < offset) {
        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find the correct error code.
-        rb.Push(ResultCode(-1));
+        rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN);
        return;
    }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/audio/hwopus.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/audio/hwopus.cpp
index cb4a1160d..cb839e4a2 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/audio/hwopus.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/audio/hwopus.cpp
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ private:
            LOG_ERROR(Audio, "Failed to decode opus data");
            IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
            // TODO(ogniK): Use correct error code
-            rb.Push(ResultCode(-1));
+            rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN);
            return;
        }
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ void HwOpus::OpenOpusDecoder(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
        LOG_ERROR(Audio, "Failed to create Opus decoder (error={}).", error);
        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
        // TODO(ogniK): Use correct error code
-        rb.Push(ResultCode(-1));
+        rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN);
        return;
    }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/bcat/backend/boxcat.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/bcat/backend/boxcat.cpp
index 1411a646f..67e39a5c4 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/bcat/backend/boxcat.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/bcat/backend/boxcat.cpp
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ void HandleDownloadDisplayResult(const AM::Applets::AppletManager& applet_manage
    const auto& frontend{applet_manager.GetAppletFrontendSet()};
    frontend.error->ShowCustomErrorText(
-        ResultCode(-1), "There was an error while attempting to use Boxcat.",
+        RESULT_UNKNOWN, "There was an error while attempting to use Boxcat.",
        DOWNLOAD_RESULT_LOG_MESSAGES[static_cast<std::size_t>(res)], [] {});
 }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/filesystem.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/filesystem.cpp
index 11e5c56b7..102017d73 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/filesystem.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/filesystem.cpp
@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@ ResultCode VfsDirectoryServiceWrapper::CreateFile(const std::string& path_, u64
    auto file = dir->CreateFile(FileUtil::GetFilename(path));
    if (file == nullptr) {
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    if (!file->Resize(size)) {
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ ResultCode VfsDirectoryServiceWrapper::DeleteFile(const std::string& path_) cons
    }
    if (!dir->DeleteFile(FileUtil::GetFilename(path))) {
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ ResultCode VfsDirectoryServiceWrapper::CreateDirectory(const std::string& path_)
    auto new_dir = dir->CreateSubdirectory(FileUtil::GetFilename(path));
    if (new_dir == nullptr) {
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ ResultCode VfsDirectoryServiceWrapper::DeleteDirectory(const std::string& path_)
    auto dir = GetDirectoryRelativeWrapped(backing, FileUtil::GetParentPath(path));
    if (!dir->DeleteSubdirectory(FileUtil::GetFilename(path))) {
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ ResultCode VfsDirectoryServiceWrapper::DeleteDirectoryRecursively(const std::str
    auto dir = GetDirectoryRelativeWrapped(backing, FileUtil::GetParentPath(path));
    if (!dir->DeleteSubdirectoryRecursive(FileUtil::GetFilename(path))) {
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ ResultCode VfsDirectoryServiceWrapper::CleanDirectoryRecursively(const std::stri
    if (!dir->CleanSubdirectoryRecursive(FileUtil::GetFilename(sanitized_path))) {
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ ResultCode VfsDirectoryServiceWrapper::RenameFile(const std::string& src_path_,
            return FileSys::ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
        if (!src->Rename(FileUtil::GetFilename(dest_path))) {
            // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this
-            return ResultCode(-1);
+            return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
        }
        return RESULT_SUCCESS;
    }
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ ResultCode VfsDirectoryServiceWrapper::RenameFile(const std::string& src_path_,
    if (!src->GetContainingDirectory()->DeleteFile(FileUtil::GetFilename(src_path))) {
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ ResultCode VfsDirectoryServiceWrapper::RenameDirectory(const std::string& src_pa
            return FileSys::ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
        if (!src->Rename(FileUtil::GetFilename(dest_path))) {
            // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this
-            return ResultCode(-1);
+            return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
        }
        return RESULT_SUCCESS;
    }
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ ResultCode VfsDirectoryServiceWrapper::RenameDirectory(const std::string& src_pa
               src_path, dest_path);
    // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this
-    return ResultCode(-1);
+    return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
 }
 ResultVal<FileSys::VirtualFile> VfsDirectoryServiceWrapper::OpenFile(const std::string& path_,
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ ResultVal<FileSys::VirtualFile> FileSystemController::OpenRomFSCurrentProcess()
    if (romfs_factory == nullptr) {
        // TODO(bunnei): Find a better error code for this
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    return romfs_factory->OpenCurrentProcess(system.CurrentProcess()->GetTitleID());
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ ResultVal<FileSys::VirtualFile> FileSystemController::OpenRomFS(
    if (romfs_factory == nullptr) {
        // TODO(bunnei): Find a better error code for this
-        return ResultCode(-1);
+        return RESULT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    return romfs_factory->Open(title_id, storage_id, type);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_srv.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_srv.cpp
index cbd5466c1..92162d3e1 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_srv.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_srv.cpp
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ void FSP_SRV::OpenFileSystemWithPatch(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
                static_cast<u8>(type), title_id);
    IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 0};
-    rb.Push(ResultCode(-1));
+    rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN);
 }
 void FSP_SRV::OpenSdCardFileSystem(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ void FSP_SRV::OpenDataStorageByCurrentProcess(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
        // TODO (bunnei): Find the right error code to use here
        LOG_CRITICAL(Service_FS, "no file system interface available!");
        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
-        rb.Push(ResultCode(-1));
+        rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN);
        return;
    }
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ void FSP_SRV::OpenDataStorageByDataId(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
                  "could not open data storage with title_id={:016X}, storage_id={:02X}", title_id,
                  static_cast<u8>(storage_id));
        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
-        rb.Push(ResultCode(-1));
+        rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN);
        return;
    }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/mii/mii.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/mii/mii.cpp
index 0b3923ad9..0ffc5009e 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/mii/mii.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/mii/mii.cpp
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ private:
        const auto index = db.IndexOf(uuid);
        if (index > MAX_MIIS) {
            // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code
-            rb.Push(ResultCode(-1));
+            rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN);
            rb.Push(index);
        } else {
            rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ private:
        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code
-        rb.Push(success ? RESULT_SUCCESS : ResultCode(-1));
+        rb.Push(success ? RESULT_SUCCESS : RESULT_UNKNOWN);
    }
    void AddOrReplace(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ private:
        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code
-        rb.Push(success ? RESULT_SUCCESS : ResultCode(-1));
+        rb.Push(success ? RESULT_SUCCESS : RESULT_UNKNOWN);
    }
    void Delete(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nfp/nfp.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nfp/nfp.cpp
index 795d7b716..3bf753dee 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nfp/nfp.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nfp/nfp.cpp
@@ -16,10 +16,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/nfp/nfp_user.h"
 namespace Service::NFP {
 namespace ErrCodes {
-[[maybe_unused]] constexpr ResultCode ERR_TAG_FAILED(ErrorModule::NFP,
-                                                     -1); // TODO(ogniK): Find the actual error code
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_NO_APPLICATION_AREA(ErrorModule::NFP, 152);
 } // namespace ErrCodes
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/ns/ns.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/ns/ns.cpp
index 15c156ce1..eeba0aa19 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/ns/ns.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/ns/ns.cpp
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ void IApplicationManagerInterface::GetApplicationControlData(Kernel::HLERequestC
                      "output buffer is too small! (actual={:016X}, expected_min=0x4000)", size);
            IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
            // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this.
-            rb.Push(ResultCode(-1));
+            rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN);
            return;
        }
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ void IApplicationManagerInterface::GetApplicationControlData(Kernel::HLERequestC
                      0x4000 + control.second->GetSize());
            IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
            // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this.
-            rb.Push(ResultCode(-1));
+            rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN);
            return;
        }
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/ns/pl_u.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/ns/pl_u.cpp
index 23477315f..db433305f 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/ns/pl_u.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/ns/pl_u.cpp
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ void EncryptSharedFont(const std::vector<u32>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
    const auto key = Common::swap32(EXPECTED_RESULT ^ EXPECTED_MAGIC);
    std::vector<u32> transformed_font(input.size() + 2);
    transformed_font[0] = Common::swap32(EXPECTED_MAGIC);
-    transformed_font[1] = Common::swap32(input.size() * sizeof(u32)) ^ key;
+    transformed_font[1] = Common::swap32(static_cast<u32>(input.size() * sizeof(u32))) ^ key;
    std::transform(input.begin(), input.end(), transformed_font.begin() + 2,
                   [key](u32 in) { return in ^ key; });
    std::memcpy(output.data() + offset, transformed_font.data(),
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/time/time.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/time/time.cpp
index 1b9ab8401..62efe021e 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/time/time.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/time/time.cpp
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ static void PosixToCalendar(u64 posix_time, CalendarTime& calendar_time,
        additional_info = {};
        return;
    }
-    calendar_time.year = tm->tm_year + 1900;
+    calendar_time.year = static_cast<u16_le>(tm->tm_year + 1900);
-    calendar_time.month = tm->tm_mon + 1;
+    calendar_time.month = static_cast<u8>(tm->tm_mon + 1);
-    calendar_time.day = tm->tm_mday;
+    calendar_time.day = static_cast<u8>(tm->tm_mday);
-    calendar_time.hour = tm->tm_hour;
+    calendar_time.hour = static_cast<u8>(tm->tm_hour);
-    calendar_time.minute = tm->tm_min;
+    calendar_time.minute = static_cast<u8>(tm->tm_min);
-    calendar_time.second = tm->tm_sec;
+    calendar_time.second = static_cast<u8>(tm->tm_sec);
    additional_info.day_of_week = tm->tm_wday;
    additional_info.day_of_year = tm->tm_yday;
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ void Module::Interface::GetClockSnapshot(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
    if (tm == nullptr) {
        LOG_ERROR(Service_Time, "tm is a nullptr");
        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
-        rb.Push(ResultCode(-1)); // TODO(ogniK): Find appropriate error code
+        rb.Push(RESULT_UNKNOWN); // TODO(ogniK): Find appropriate error code
        return;
    }
@@ -331,12 +331,12 @@ void Module::Interface::GetClockSnapshot(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
    const SteadyClockTimePoint steady_clock_time_point{static_cast<u64_le>(ms.count() / 1000), {}};
    CalendarTime calendar_time{};
-    calendar_time.year = tm->tm_year + 1900;
+    calendar_time.year = static_cast<u16_le>(tm->tm_year + 1900);
-    calendar_time.month = tm->tm_mon + 1;
+    calendar_time.month = static_cast<u8>(tm->tm_mon + 1);
-    calendar_time.day = tm->tm_mday;
+    calendar_time.day = static_cast<u8>(tm->tm_mday);
-    calendar_time.hour = tm->tm_hour;
+    calendar_time.hour = static_cast<u8>(tm->tm_hour);
-    calendar_time.minute = tm->tm_min;
+    calendar_time.minute = static_cast<u8>(tm->tm_min);
-    calendar_time.second = tm->tm_sec;
+    calendar_time.second = static_cast<u8>(tm->tm_sec);
    ClockSnapshot clock_snapshot{};
    clock_snapshot.system_posix_time = time_since_epoch;
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.cpp
index 611cecc20..abfc3a801 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.cpp
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ private:
            } else {
                // Wait the current thread until a buffer becomes available
                ctx.SleepClientThread(
-                    "IHOSBinderDriver::DequeueBuffer", -1,
+                    "IHOSBinderDriver::DequeueBuffer", UINT64_MAX,
                    [=](Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Thread> thread, Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx,
                        Kernel::ThreadWakeupReason reason) {
                        // Repeat TransactParcel DequeueBuffer when a buffer is available
diff --git a/src/core/perf_stats.cpp b/src/core/perf_stats.cpp
index d2c69d1a0..f1ae9d4df 100644
--- a/src/core/perf_stats.cpp
+++ b/src/core/perf_stats.cpp
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ double PerfStats::GetMeanFrametime() {
        return 0;
    }
    const double sum = std::accumulate(perf_history.begin() + IgnoreFrames,
-                                       perf_history.begin() + current_index, 0);
+                                       perf_history.begin() + current_index, 0.0);
    return sum / (current_index - IgnoreFrames);
 }