16 files changed, 200 insertions, 192 deletions

diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h
index 72994f4d2..c8dd362ab 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ public:
         static constexpr std::size_t NumVertexArrays = 32;
         static constexpr std::size_t NumVertexAttributes = 32;
         static constexpr std::size_t NumVaryings = 31;
-        static constexpr std::size_t NumTextureSamplers = 32;
         static constexpr std::size_t NumImages = 8; // TODO(Rodrigo): Investigate this number
         static constexpr std::size_t NumClipDistances = 8;
         static constexpr std::size_t MaxShaderProgram = 6;
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/shader_type.h b/src/video_core/engines/shader_type.h
index 239196ba9..49ce5cde5 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/shader_type.h
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/shader_type.h
@@ -16,5 +16,6 @@ enum class ShaderType : u32 {
     Fragment = 4,
     Compute = 5,
 };
+static constexpr std::size_t MaxShaderTypes = 6;
 
 } // namespace Tegra::Engines
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.cpp
index b30d5be74..5cfa97fc2 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ namespace OpenGL {
 
 namespace {
 
+// One uniform block is reserved for emulation purposes
+constexpr u32 ReservedUniformBlocks = 1;
+
 template <typename T>
 T GetInteger(GLenum pname) {
     GLint temporary;
@@ -48,6 +51,22 @@ bool HasExtension(const std::vector<std::string_view>& images, std::string_view
     return std::find(images.begin(), images.end(), extension) != images.end();
 }
 
+constexpr Device::BaseBindings operator+(Device::BaseBindings lhs, Device::BaseBindings rhs) {
+    return Device::BaseBindings{lhs.uniform_buffer + rhs.uniform_buffer,
+                                lhs.shader_storage_buffer + rhs.shader_storage_buffer,
+                                lhs.sampler + rhs.sampler, lhs.image + rhs.image};
+}
+
+Device::BaseBindings BuildBaseBindings(GLenum uniform_blocks, GLenum shader_storage_blocks,
+                                       GLenum texture_image_units, GLenum image_uniforms) noexcept {
+    return Device::BaseBindings{
+        GetInteger<u32>(uniform_blocks) - ReservedUniformBlocks,
+        GetInteger<u32>(shader_storage_blocks),
+        GetInteger<u32>(texture_image_units),
+        GetInteger<u32>(image_uniforms),
+    };
+}
+
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
 Device::Device() {
@@ -56,6 +75,29 @@ Device::Device() {
 
     const bool is_nvidia = vendor == "NVIDIA Corporation";
 
+    // Reserve the first UBO for emulation bindings
+    base_bindings[0] = BaseBindings{ReservedUniformBlocks, 0, 0, 0};
+    base_bindings[1] = base_bindings[0] + BuildBaseBindings(GL_MAX_VERTEX_UNIFORM_BLOCKS,
+                                                            GL_MAX_VERTEX_SHADER_STORAGE_BLOCKS,
+                                                            GL_MAX_VERTEX_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS,
+                                                            GL_MAX_VERTEX_IMAGE_UNIFORMS);
+    base_bindings[2] =
+        base_bindings[1] + BuildBaseBindings(GL_MAX_TESS_CONTROL_UNIFORM_BLOCKS,
+                                             GL_MAX_TESS_CONTROL_SHADER_STORAGE_BLOCKS,
+                                             GL_MAX_TESS_CONTROL_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS,
+                                             GL_MAX_TESS_CONTROL_IMAGE_UNIFORMS);
+    base_bindings[3] =
+        base_bindings[2] + BuildBaseBindings(GL_MAX_TESS_EVALUATION_UNIFORM_BLOCKS,
+                                             GL_MAX_TESS_EVALUATION_SHADER_STORAGE_BLOCKS,
+                                             GL_MAX_TESS_EVALUATION_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS,
+                                             GL_MAX_TESS_EVALUATION_IMAGE_UNIFORMS);
+    base_bindings[4] = base_bindings[3] + BuildBaseBindings(GL_MAX_GEOMETRY_UNIFORM_BLOCKS,
+                                                            GL_MAX_GEOMETRY_SHADER_STORAGE_BLOCKS,
+                                                            GL_MAX_GEOMETRY_TEXTURE_IMAGE_UNITS,
+                                                            GL_MAX_GEOMETRY_IMAGE_UNIFORMS);
+    // Compute doesn't need any of that
+    base_bindings[5] = BaseBindings{0, 0, 0, 0};
+
     uniform_buffer_alignment = GetInteger<std::size_t>(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT);
     shader_storage_alignment = GetInteger<std::size_t>(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT);
     max_vertex_attributes = GetInteger<u32>(GL_MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS);
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h
index 6c86fe207..e7d3c48b0 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h
@@ -6,14 +6,32 @@
 
 #include <cstddef>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "video_core/engines/shader_type.h"
 
 namespace OpenGL {
 
-class Device {
+static constexpr u32 EmulationUniformBlockBinding = 0;
+
+class Device final {
 public:
+    struct BaseBindings final {
+        u32 uniform_buffer{};
+        u32 shader_storage_buffer{};
+        u32 sampler{};
+        u32 image{};
+    };
+
     explicit Device();
     explicit Device(std::nullptr_t);
 
+    const BaseBindings& GetBaseBindings(std::size_t stage_index) const noexcept {
+        return base_bindings[stage_index];
+    }
+
+    const BaseBindings& GetBaseBindings(Tegra::Engines::ShaderType shader_type) const noexcept {
+        return GetBaseBindings(static_cast<std::size_t>(shader_type));
+    }
+
     std::size_t GetUniformBufferAlignment() const {
         return uniform_buffer_alignment;
     }
@@ -67,6 +85,7 @@ private:
     static bool TestComponentIndexingBug();
     static bool TestPreciseBug();
 
+    std::array<BaseBindings, Tegra::Engines::MaxShaderTypes> base_bindings;
     std::size_t uniform_buffer_alignment{};
     std::size_t shader_storage_alignment{};
     u32 max_vertex_attributes{};
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
index 8baa73ebf..5c5ad1f6c 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
@@ -258,7 +258,6 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupShaders(GLenum primitive_mode) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Shader);
     auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
 
-    BaseBindings base_bindings;
     std::array<bool, Maxwell::NumClipDistances> clip_distances{};
 
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::MaxShaderProgram; ++index) {
@@ -277,25 +276,17 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupShaders(GLenum primitive_mode) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        GLShader::MaxwellUniformData ubo{};
-        ubo.SetFromRegs(gpu);
-        const auto [buffer, offset] =
-            buffer_cache.UploadHostMemory(&ubo, sizeof(ubo), device.GetUniformBufferAlignment());
-
-        // Bind the emulation info buffer
-        bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Push(buffer, offset, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(sizeof(ubo)));
-
         Shader shader{shader_cache.GetStageProgram(program)};
 
         // Stage indices are 0 - 5
         const std::size_t stage = index == 0 ? 0 : index - 1;
         SetupDrawConstBuffers(stage, shader);
         SetupDrawGlobalMemory(stage, shader);
-        SetupDrawTextures(stage, shader, base_bindings);
-        SetupDrawImages(stage, shader, base_bindings);
+        SetupDrawTextures(stage, shader);
+        SetupDrawImages(stage, shader);
 
-        const ProgramVariant variant(base_bindings, primitive_mode);
-        const auto [program_handle, next_bindings] = shader->GetHandle(variant);
+        const ProgramVariant variant(primitive_mode);
+        const auto program_handle = shader->GetHandle(variant);
 
         switch (program) {
         case Maxwell::ShaderProgram::VertexA:
@@ -326,8 +317,6 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupShaders(GLenum primitive_mode) {
             // VertexB was combined with VertexA, so we skip the VertexB iteration
             ++index;
         }
-
-        base_bindings = next_bindings;
     }
 
     SyncClipEnabled(clip_distances);
@@ -612,8 +601,16 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::DrawPrelude() {
     index_buffer_offset = SetupIndexBuffer();
 
     // Prepare packed bindings.
-    bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Setup(0);
-    bind_ssbo_pushbuffer.Setup(0);
+    bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Setup();
+    bind_ssbo_pushbuffer.Setup();
+
+    // Setup emulation uniform buffer.
+    GLShader::MaxwellUniformData ubo;
+    ubo.SetFromRegs(gpu);
+    const auto [buffer, offset] =
+        buffer_cache.UploadHostMemory(&ubo, sizeof(ubo), device.GetUniformBufferAlignment());
+    bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Push(EmulationUniformBlockBinding, buffer, offset,
+                             static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(sizeof(ubo)));
 
     // Setup shaders and their used resources.
     texture_cache.GuardSamplers(true);
@@ -754,7 +751,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::DispatchCompute(GPUVAddr code_addr) {
     const ProgramVariant variant(launch_desc.block_dim_x, launch_desc.block_dim_y,
                                  launch_desc.block_dim_z, launch_desc.shared_alloc,
                                  launch_desc.local_pos_alloc);
-    std::tie(state.draw.shader_program, std::ignore) = kernel->GetHandle(variant);
+    state.draw.shader_program = kernel->GetHandle(variant);
     state.draw.program_pipeline = 0;
 
     const std::size_t buffer_size =
@@ -762,8 +759,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::DispatchCompute(GPUVAddr code_addr) {
         (Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize + device.GetUniformBufferAlignment());
     buffer_cache.Map(buffer_size);
 
-    bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Setup(0);
-    bind_ssbo_pushbuffer.Setup(0);
+    bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Setup();
+    bind_ssbo_pushbuffer.Setup();
 
     SetupComputeConstBuffers(kernel);
     SetupComputeGlobalMemory(kernel);
@@ -847,7 +844,7 @@ bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config,
     ASSERT_MSG(params.height == config.height, "Framebuffer height is different");
 
     if (params.pixel_format != pixel_format) {
-        LOG_WARNING(Render_OpenGL, "Framebuffer pixel_format is different");
+        LOG_DEBUG(Render_OpenGL, "Framebuffer pixel_format is different");
     }
 
     screen_info.display_texture = surface->GetTexture();
@@ -858,17 +855,21 @@ bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config,
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawConstBuffers(std::size_t stage_index, const Shader& shader) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_UBO);
+    const u32 base_binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage_index).uniform_buffer;
     const auto& stages = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().state.shader_stages;
     const auto& shader_stage = stages[stage_index];
+
     for (const auto& entry : shader->GetShaderEntries().const_buffers) {
         const auto& buffer = shader_stage.const_buffers[entry.GetIndex()];
-        SetupConstBuffer(buffer, entry);
+        SetupConstBuffer(base_binding + entry.GetIndex(), buffer, entry);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeConstBuffers(const Shader& kernel) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_UBO);
     const auto& launch_desc = system.GPU().KeplerCompute().launch_description;
+
+    u32 binding = 0;
     for (const auto& entry : kernel->GetShaderEntries().const_buffers) {
         const auto& config = launch_desc.const_buffer_config[entry.GetIndex()];
         const std::bitset<8> mask = launch_desc.const_buffer_enable_mask.Value();
@@ -876,15 +877,16 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeConstBuffers(const Shader& kernel) {
         buffer.address = config.Address();
         buffer.size = config.size;
         buffer.enabled = mask[entry.GetIndex()];
-        SetupConstBuffer(buffer, entry);
+        SetupConstBuffer(binding++, buffer, entry);
     }
 }
 
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupConstBuffer(const Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferInfo& buffer,
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupConstBuffer(u32 binding, const Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferInfo& buffer,
                                         const GLShader::ConstBufferEntry& entry) {
     if (!buffer.enabled) {
         // Set values to zero to unbind buffers
-        bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Push(buffer_cache.GetEmptyBuffer(sizeof(float)), 0, sizeof(float));
+        bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Push(binding, buffer_cache.GetEmptyBuffer(sizeof(float)), 0,
+                                 sizeof(float));
         return;
     }
 
@@ -895,18 +897,20 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupConstBuffer(const Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferInfo& b
     const auto alignment = device.GetUniformBufferAlignment();
     const auto [cbuf, offset] = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(buffer.address, size, alignment, false,
                                                           device.HasFastBufferSubData());
-    bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Push(cbuf, offset, size);
+    bind_ubo_pushbuffer.Push(binding, cbuf, offset, size);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawGlobalMemory(std::size_t stage_index, const Shader& shader) {
     auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     auto& memory_manager{gpu.MemoryManager()};
     const auto cbufs{gpu.Maxwell3D().state.shader_stages[stage_index]};
+
+    u32 binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage_index).shader_storage_buffer;
     for (const auto& entry : shader->GetShaderEntries().global_memory_entries) {
         const auto addr{cbufs.const_buffers[entry.GetCbufIndex()].address + entry.GetCbufOffset()};
         const auto gpu_addr{memory_manager.Read<u64>(addr)};
         const auto size{memory_manager.Read<u32>(addr + 8)};
-        SetupGlobalMemory(entry, gpu_addr, size);
+        SetupGlobalMemory(binding++, entry, gpu_addr, size);
     }
 }
 
@@ -914,38 +918,35 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeGlobalMemory(const Shader& kernel) {
     auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     auto& memory_manager{gpu.MemoryManager()};
     const auto cbufs{gpu.KeplerCompute().launch_description.const_buffer_config};
+
+    u32 binding = 0;
     for (const auto& entry : kernel->GetShaderEntries().global_memory_entries) {
         const auto addr{cbufs[entry.GetCbufIndex()].Address() + entry.GetCbufOffset()};
         const auto gpu_addr{memory_manager.Read<u64>(addr)};
         const auto size{memory_manager.Read<u32>(addr + 8)};
-        SetupGlobalMemory(entry, gpu_addr, size);
+        SetupGlobalMemory(binding++, entry, gpu_addr, size);
     }
 }
 
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupGlobalMemory(const GLShader::GlobalMemoryEntry& entry,
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupGlobalMemory(u32 binding, const GLShader::GlobalMemoryEntry& entry,
                                          GPUVAddr gpu_addr, std::size_t size) {
     const auto alignment{device.GetShaderStorageBufferAlignment()};
     const auto [ssbo, buffer_offset] =
         buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, alignment, entry.IsWritten());
-    bind_ssbo_pushbuffer.Push(ssbo, buffer_offset, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+    bind_ssbo_pushbuffer.Push(binding, ssbo, buffer_offset, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
 }
 
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawTextures(std::size_t stage_index, const Shader& shader,
-                                         BaseBindings base_bindings) {
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawTextures(std::size_t stage_index, const Shader& shader) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Texture);
     const auto& gpu = system.GPU();
     const auto& maxwell3d = gpu.Maxwell3D();
     const auto& entries = shader->GetShaderEntries().samplers;
 
-    ASSERT_MSG(base_bindings.sampler + entries.size() <= std::size(state.textures),
-               "Exceeded the number of active textures.");
-
-    const auto num_entries = static_cast<u32>(entries.size());
-    for (u32 bindpoint = 0; bindpoint < num_entries; ++bindpoint) {
-        const auto& entry = entries[bindpoint];
+    u32 binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage_index).sampler;
+    for (const auto& entry : entries) {
         const auto shader_type = static_cast<Tegra::Engines::ShaderType>(stage_index);
         const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(maxwell3d, entry, shader_type);
-        SetupTexture(base_bindings.sampler + bindpoint, texture, entry);
+        SetupTexture(binding++, texture, entry);
     }
 }
 
@@ -954,14 +955,10 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeTextures(const Shader& kernel) {
     const auto& compute = system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
     const auto& entries = kernel->GetShaderEntries().samplers;
 
-    ASSERT_MSG(entries.size() <= std::size(state.textures),
-               "Exceeded the number of active textures.");
-
-    const auto num_entries = static_cast<u32>(entries.size());
-    for (u32 bindpoint = 0; bindpoint < num_entries; ++bindpoint) {
-        const auto& entry = entries[bindpoint];
+    u32 binding = 0;
+    for (const auto& entry : entries) {
         const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(compute, entry, Tegra::Engines::ShaderType::Compute);
-        SetupTexture(bindpoint, texture, entry);
+        SetupTexture(binding++, texture, entry);
     }
 }
 
@@ -986,8 +983,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupTexture(u32 binding, const Tegra::Texture::FullTextu
                        texture.tic.w_source);
 }
 
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawImages(std::size_t stage_index, const Shader& shader,
-                                       BaseBindings base_bindings) {
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawImages(std::size_t stage_index, const Shader& shader) {
     const auto& maxwell3d = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     const auto& entries = shader->GetShaderEntries().images;
 
@@ -996,7 +992,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawImages(std::size_t stage_index, const Shader& sh
         const auto& entry = entries[bindpoint];
         const auto shader_type = static_cast<Tegra::Engines::ShaderType>(stage_index);
         const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(maxwell3d, entry, shader_type).tic;
-        SetupImage(base_bindings.image + bindpoint, tic, entry);
+        SetupImage(bindpoint, tic, entry);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h
index 6a2ce1586..0e47d71df 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ private:
     void SetupComputeConstBuffers(const Shader& kernel);
 
     /// Configures a constant buffer.
-    void SetupConstBuffer(const Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferInfo& buffer,
+    void SetupConstBuffer(u32 binding, const Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferInfo& buffer,
                           const GLShader::ConstBufferEntry& entry);
 
     /// Configures the current global memory entries to use for the draw command.
@@ -99,15 +99,14 @@ private:
     void SetupComputeGlobalMemory(const Shader& kernel);
 
     /// Configures a constant buffer.
-    void SetupGlobalMemory(const GLShader::GlobalMemoryEntry& entry, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+    void SetupGlobalMemory(u32 binding, const GLShader::GlobalMemoryEntry& entry, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
                            std::size_t size);
 
     /// Syncs all the state, shaders, render targets and textures setting before a draw call.
     void DrawPrelude();
 
     /// Configures the current textures to use for the draw command.
-    void SetupDrawTextures(std::size_t stage_index, const Shader& shader,
-                           BaseBindings base_bindings);
+    void SetupDrawTextures(std::size_t stage_index, const Shader& shader);
 
     /// Configures the textures used in a compute shader.
     void SetupComputeTextures(const Shader& kernel);
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ private:
                       const GLShader::SamplerEntry& entry);
 
     /// Configures images in a graphics shader.
-    void SetupDrawImages(std::size_t stage_index, const Shader& shader, BaseBindings base_bindings);
+    void SetupDrawImages(std::size_t stage_index, const Shader& shader);
 
     /// Configures images in a compute shader.
     void SetupComputeImages(const Shader& shader);
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.cpp
index f474fb550..41ca005a1 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.cpp
@@ -266,28 +266,6 @@ CachedProgram BuildShader(const Device& device, u64 unique_identifier, ShaderTyp
     }
     source += '\n';
 
-    auto base_bindings = variant.base_bindings;
-    if (!is_compute) {
-        source += fmt::format("#define EMULATION_UBO_BINDING {}\n", base_bindings.cbuf++);
-    }
-
-    for (const auto& cbuf : entries.const_buffers) {
-        source +=
-            fmt::format("#define CBUF_BINDING_{} {}\n", cbuf.GetIndex(), base_bindings.cbuf++);
-    }
-    for (const auto& gmem : entries.global_memory_entries) {
-        source += fmt::format("#define GMEM_BINDING_{}_{} {}\n", gmem.GetCbufIndex(),
-                              gmem.GetCbufOffset(), base_bindings.gmem++);
-    }
-    for (const auto& sampler : entries.samplers) {
-        source += fmt::format("#define SAMPLER_BINDING_{} {}\n", sampler.GetIndex(),
-                              base_bindings.sampler++);
-    }
-    for (const auto& image : entries.images) {
-        source +=
-            fmt::format("#define IMAGE_BINDING_{} {}\n", image.GetIndex(), base_bindings.image++);
-    }
-
     if (shader_type == ShaderType::Geometry) {
         const auto [glsl_topology, debug_name, max_vertices] =
             GetPrimitiveDescription(variant.primitive_mode);
@@ -403,27 +381,21 @@ Shader CachedShader::CreateFromCache(const ShaderParameters& params,
                                                           unspecialized.code_b));
 }
 
-std::tuple<GLuint, BaseBindings> CachedShader::GetHandle(const ProgramVariant& variant) {
+GLuint CachedShader::GetHandle(const ProgramVariant& variant) {
     EnsureValidLockerVariant();
 
     const auto [entry, is_cache_miss] = curr_locker_variant->programs.try_emplace(variant);
     auto& program = entry->second;
-    if (is_cache_miss) {
-        program = BuildShader(device, unique_identifier, shader_type, code, code_b,
-                              *curr_locker_variant->locker, variant);
-        disk_cache.SaveUsage(GetUsage(variant, *curr_locker_variant->locker));
-
-        LabelGLObject(GL_PROGRAM, program->handle, cpu_addr);
+    if (!is_cache_miss) {
+        return program->handle;
     }
 
-    auto base_bindings = variant.base_bindings;
-    base_bindings.cbuf += static_cast<u32>(entries.const_buffers.size());
-    base_bindings.cbuf += STAGE_RESERVED_UBOS;
-    base_bindings.gmem += static_cast<u32>(entries.global_memory_entries.size());
-    base_bindings.sampler += static_cast<u32>(entries.samplers.size());
-    base_bindings.image += static_cast<u32>(entries.images.size());
+    program = BuildShader(device, unique_identifier, shader_type, code, code_b,
+                          *curr_locker_variant->locker, variant);
+    disk_cache.SaveUsage(GetUsage(variant, *curr_locker_variant->locker));
 
-    return {program->handle, base_bindings};
+    LabelGLObject(GL_PROGRAM, program->handle, cpu_addr);
+    return program->handle;
 }
 
 bool CachedShader::EnsureValidLockerVariant() {
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.h
index d23c8d6d4..7b1470db3 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.h
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     /// Gets the GL program handle for the shader
-    std::tuple<GLuint, BaseBindings> GetHandle(const ProgramVariant& variant);
+    GLuint GetHandle(const ProgramVariant& variant);
 
 private:
     struct LockerVariant {
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp
index caec565d1..5ad285c25 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ using namespace VideoCommon::Shader;
 using Maxwell = Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs;
 using Operation = const OperationNode&;
 
+class ASTDecompiler;
+class ExprDecompiler;
+
 enum class Type { Void, Bool, Bool2, Float, Int, Uint, HalfFloat };
 
 struct TextureAoffi {};
@@ -337,9 +340,6 @@ std::string FlowStackTopName(MetaStackClass stack) {
     return stage == ShaderType::Vertex;
 }
 
-class ASTDecompiler;
-class ExprDecompiler;
-
 class GLSLDecompiler final {
 public:
     explicit GLSLDecompiler(const Device& device, const ShaderIR& ir, ShaderType stage,
@@ -621,7 +621,8 @@ private:
     void DeclareConstantBuffers() {
         for (const auto& entry : ir.GetConstantBuffers()) {
             const auto [index, size] = entry;
-            code.AddLine("layout (std140, binding = CBUF_BINDING_{}) uniform {} {{", index,
+            const u32 binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage).uniform_buffer + index;
+            code.AddLine("layout (std140, binding = {}) uniform {} {{", binding,
                          GetConstBufferBlock(index));
             code.AddLine("    uvec4 {}[{}];", GetConstBuffer(index), MAX_CONSTBUFFER_ELEMENTS);
             code.AddLine("}};");
@@ -630,6 +631,8 @@ private:
     }
 
     void DeclareGlobalMemory() {
+        u32 binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage).shader_storage_buffer;
+
         for (const auto& gmem : ir.GetGlobalMemory()) {
             const auto& [base, usage] = gmem;
 
@@ -642,8 +645,8 @@ private:
                 qualifier += " writeonly";
             }
 
-            code.AddLine("layout (std430, binding = GMEM_BINDING_{}_{}) {} buffer {} {{",
-                         base.cbuf_index, base.cbuf_offset, qualifier, GetGlobalMemoryBlock(base));
+            code.AddLine("layout (std430, binding = {}) {} buffer {} {{", binding++, qualifier,
+                         GetGlobalMemoryBlock(base));
             code.AddLine("    uint {}[];", GetGlobalMemory(base));
             code.AddLine("}};");
             code.AddNewLine();
@@ -653,9 +656,11 @@ private:
     void DeclareSamplers() {
         const auto& samplers = ir.GetSamplers();
         for (const auto& sampler : samplers) {
-            const std::string name{GetSampler(sampler)};
-            const std::string description{"layout (binding = SAMPLER_BINDING_" +
-                                          std::to_string(sampler.GetIndex()) + ") uniform"};
+            const std::string name = GetSampler(sampler);
+
+            const u32 binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage).sampler + sampler.GetIndex();
+            const std::string description = fmt::format("layout (binding = {}) uniform", binding);
+
             std::string sampler_type = [&]() {
                 if (sampler.IsBuffer()) {
                     return "samplerBuffer";
@@ -732,10 +737,12 @@ private:
                 qualifier += " writeonly";
             }
 
+            const u32 binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage).image + image.GetIndex();
+
             const char* format = image.IsAtomic() ? "r32ui, " : "";
             const char* type_declaration = GetImageTypeDeclaration(image.GetType());
-            code.AddLine("layout ({}binding = IMAGE_BINDING_{}) {} uniform uimage{} {};", format,
-                         image.GetIndex(), qualifier, type_declaration, GetImage(image));
+            code.AddLine("layout ({}binding = {}) {} uniform uimage{} {};", format, binding,
+                         qualifier, type_declaration, GetImage(image));
         }
         if (!images.empty()) {
             code.AddNewLine();
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.cpp
index 09f62c8c4..cf874a09a 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.cpp
@@ -53,11 +53,10 @@ struct BindlessSamplerKey {
     Tegra::Engines::SamplerDescriptor sampler{};
 };
 
-constexpr u32 NativeVersion = 10;
+constexpr u32 NativeVersion = 11;
 
 // Making sure sizes doesn't change by accident
-static_assert(sizeof(BaseBindings) == 16);
-static_assert(sizeof(ProgramVariant) == 36);
+static_assert(sizeof(ProgramVariant) == 20);
 
 ShaderCacheVersionHash GetShaderCacheVersionHash() {
     ShaderCacheVersionHash hash{};
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.h
index 917dbccdd..69a2fbdda 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.h
@@ -38,31 +38,13 @@ struct ShaderDiskCacheDump;
 using ProgramCode = std::vector<u64>;
 using ShaderDumpsMap = std::unordered_map<ShaderDiskCacheUsage, ShaderDiskCacheDump>;
 
-/// Allocated bindings used by an OpenGL shader program
-struct BaseBindings {
-    u32 cbuf{};
-    u32 gmem{};
-    u32 sampler{};
-    u32 image{};
-
-    bool operator==(const BaseBindings& rhs) const noexcept {
-        return std::tie(cbuf, gmem, sampler, image) ==
-               std::tie(rhs.cbuf, rhs.gmem, rhs.sampler, rhs.image);
-    }
-
-    bool operator!=(const BaseBindings& rhs) const noexcept {
-        return !operator==(rhs);
-    }
-};
-static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<BaseBindings>);
-
 /// Describes the different variants a program can be compiled with.
 struct ProgramVariant final {
     ProgramVariant() = default;
 
     /// Graphics constructor.
-    explicit constexpr ProgramVariant(BaseBindings base_bindings, GLenum primitive_mode) noexcept
-        : base_bindings{base_bindings}, primitive_mode{primitive_mode} {}
+    explicit constexpr ProgramVariant(GLenum primitive_mode) noexcept
+        : primitive_mode{primitive_mode} {}
 
     /// Compute constructor.
     explicit constexpr ProgramVariant(u32 block_x, u32 block_y, u32 block_z, u32 shared_memory_size,
@@ -71,7 +53,6 @@ struct ProgramVariant final {
           shared_memory_size{shared_memory_size}, local_memory_size{local_memory_size} {}
 
     // Graphics specific parameters.
-    BaseBindings base_bindings{};
     GLenum primitive_mode{};
 
     // Compute specific parameters.
@@ -82,10 +63,10 @@ struct ProgramVariant final {
     u32 local_memory_size{};
 
     bool operator==(const ProgramVariant& rhs) const noexcept {
-        return std::tie(base_bindings, primitive_mode, block_x, block_y, block_z,
-                        shared_memory_size, local_memory_size) ==
-               std::tie(rhs.base_bindings, rhs.primitive_mode, rhs.block_x, rhs.block_y,
-                        rhs.block_z, rhs.shared_memory_size, rhs.local_memory_size);
+        return std::tie(primitive_mode, block_x, block_y, block_z, shared_memory_size,
+                        local_memory_size) == std::tie(rhs.primitive_mode, rhs.block_x, rhs.block_y,
+                                                       rhs.block_z, rhs.shared_memory_size,
+                                                       rhs.local_memory_size);
     }
 
     bool operator!=(const ProgramVariant& rhs) const noexcept {
@@ -118,20 +99,9 @@ struct ShaderDiskCacheUsage {
 namespace std {
 
 template <>
-struct hash<OpenGL::BaseBindings> {
-    std::size_t operator()(const OpenGL::BaseBindings& bindings) const noexcept {
-        return static_cast<std::size_t>(bindings.cbuf) ^
-               (static_cast<std::size_t>(bindings.gmem) << 8) ^
-               (static_cast<std::size_t>(bindings.sampler) << 16) ^
-               (static_cast<std::size_t>(bindings.image) << 24);
-    }
-};
-
-template <>
 struct hash<OpenGL::ProgramVariant> {
     std::size_t operator()(const OpenGL::ProgramVariant& variant) const noexcept {
-        return std::hash<OpenGL::BaseBindings>{}(variant.base_bindings) ^
-               (static_cast<std::size_t>(variant.primitive_mode) << 6) ^
+        return (static_cast<std::size_t>(variant.primitive_mode) << 6) ^
                static_cast<std::size_t>(variant.block_x) ^
                (static_cast<std::size_t>(variant.block_y) << 32) ^
                (static_cast<std::size_t>(variant.block_z) << 48) ^
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_gen.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_gen.cpp
index 2f601d550..296817efc 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_gen.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_gen.cpp
@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <string>
+
 #include <fmt/format.h>
+
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/shader_type.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_gen.h"
 #include "video_core/shader/shader_ir.h"
@@ -20,12 +24,13 @@ using VideoCommon::Shader::ShaderIR;
 
 std::string GenerateVertexShader(const Device& device, const ShaderIR& ir, const ShaderIR* ir_b) {
     std::string out = GetCommonDeclarations();
-    out += R"(
-layout (std140, binding = EMULATION_UBO_BINDING) uniform vs_config {
+    out += fmt::format(R"(
+layout (std140, binding = {}) uniform vs_config {{
     float y_direction;
-};
+}};
 
-)";
+)",
+                       EmulationUniformBlockBinding);
     out += Decompile(device, ir, ShaderType::Vertex, "vertex");
     if (ir_b) {
         out += Decompile(device, *ir_b, ShaderType::Vertex, "vertex_b");
@@ -44,12 +49,13 @@ void main() {
 
 std::string GenerateGeometryShader(const Device& device, const ShaderIR& ir) {
     std::string out = GetCommonDeclarations();
-    out += R"(
-layout (std140, binding = EMULATION_UBO_BINDING) uniform gs_config {
+    out += fmt::format(R"(
+layout (std140, binding = {}) uniform gs_config {{
     float y_direction;
-};
+}};
 
-)";
+)",
+                       EmulationUniformBlockBinding);
     out += Decompile(device, ir, ShaderType::Geometry, "geometry");
 
     out += R"(
@@ -62,7 +68,7 @@ void main() {
 
 std::string GenerateFragmentShader(const Device& device, const ShaderIR& ir) {
     std::string out = GetCommonDeclarations();
-    out += R"(
+    out += fmt::format(R"(
 layout (location = 0) out vec4 FragColor0;
 layout (location = 1) out vec4 FragColor1;
 layout (location = 2) out vec4 FragColor2;
@@ -72,11 +78,12 @@ layout (location = 5) out vec4 FragColor5;
 layout (location = 6) out vec4 FragColor6;
 layout (location = 7) out vec4 FragColor7;
 
-layout (std140, binding = EMULATION_UBO_BINDING) uniform fs_config {
+layout (std140, binding = {}) uniform fs_config {{
     float y_direction;
-};
+}};
 
-)";
+)",
+                       EmulationUniformBlockBinding);
     out += Decompile(device, ir, ShaderType::Fragment, "fragment");
 
     out += R"(
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state.cpp
index ccbe5912e..4cf3d0a8a 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state.cpp
@@ -417,14 +417,20 @@ void OpenGLState::ApplyClipControl() {
 }
 
 void OpenGLState::ApplyTextures() {
-    if (const auto update = UpdateArray(cur_state.textures, textures)) {
-        glBindTextures(update->first, update->second, textures.data() + update->first);
+    const std::size_t size = std::size(textures);
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        if (UpdateValue(cur_state.textures[i], textures[i])) {
+            glBindTextureUnit(static_cast<GLuint>(i), textures[i]);
+        }
     }
 }
 
 void OpenGLState::ApplySamplers() {
-    if (const auto update = UpdateArray(cur_state.samplers, samplers)) {
-        glBindSamplers(update->first, update->second, samplers.data() + update->first);
+    const std::size_t size = std::size(samplers);
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        if (UpdateValue(cur_state.samplers[i], samplers[i])) {
+            glBindSampler(static_cast<GLuint>(i), samplers[i]);
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state.h
index eaff22bda..fd53eb81a 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state.h
@@ -96,8 +96,9 @@ public:
         GLenum operation = GL_COPY;
     } logic_op;
 
-    std::array<GLuint, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::NumTextureSamplers> textures = {};
-    std::array<GLuint, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::NumTextureSamplers> samplers = {};
+    static constexpr std::size_t NumSamplers = 32 * 5;
+    std::array<GLuint, NumSamplers> textures = {};
+    std::array<GLuint, NumSamplers> samplers = {};
     std::array<GLuint, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::NumImages> images = {};
 
     struct {
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.cpp
index c504a2c1a..9770dda1c 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include <fmt/format.h>
+
 #include <glad/glad.h>
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
@@ -48,34 +51,19 @@ BindBuffersRangePushBuffer::BindBuffersRangePushBuffer(GLenum target) : target{t
 
 BindBuffersRangePushBuffer::~BindBuffersRangePushBuffer() = default;
 
-void BindBuffersRangePushBuffer::Setup(GLuint first_) {
-    first = first_;
-    buffer_pointers.clear();
-    offsets.clear();
-    sizes.clear();
+void BindBuffersRangePushBuffer::Setup() {
+    entries.clear();
 }
 
-void BindBuffersRangePushBuffer::Push(const GLuint* buffer, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr size) {
-    buffer_pointers.push_back(buffer);
-    offsets.push_back(offset);
-    sizes.push_back(size);
+void BindBuffersRangePushBuffer::Push(GLuint binding, const GLuint* buffer, GLintptr offset,
+                                      GLsizeiptr size) {
+    entries.push_back(Entry{binding, buffer, offset, size});
 }
 
 void BindBuffersRangePushBuffer::Bind() {
-    // Ensure sizes are valid.
-    const std::size_t count{buffer_pointers.size()};
-    DEBUG_ASSERT(count == offsets.size() && count == sizes.size());
-    if (count == 0) {
-        return;
+    for (const Entry& entry : entries) {
+        glBindBufferRange(target, entry.binding, *entry.buffer, entry.offset, entry.size);
     }
-
-    // Dereference buffers.
-    buffers.resize(count);
-    std::transform(buffer_pointers.begin(), buffer_pointers.end(), buffers.begin(),
-                   [](const GLuint* pointer) { return *pointer; });
-
-    glBindBuffersRange(target, first, static_cast<GLsizei>(count), buffers.data(), offsets.data(),
-                       sizes.data());
 }
 
 void LabelGLObject(GLenum identifier, GLuint handle, VAddr addr, std::string_view extra_info) {
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.h
index 6c2b45546..d56153fe7 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.h
@@ -43,20 +43,22 @@ public:
     explicit BindBuffersRangePushBuffer(GLenum target);
     ~BindBuffersRangePushBuffer();
 
-    void Setup(GLuint first_);
+    void Setup();
 
-    void Push(const GLuint* buffer, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr size);
+    void Push(GLuint binding, const GLuint* buffer, GLintptr offset, GLsizeiptr size);
 
     void Bind();
 
 private:
-    GLenum target{};
-    GLuint first{};
-    std::vector<const GLuint*> buffer_pointers;
+    struct Entry {
+        GLuint binding;
+        const GLuint* buffer;
+        GLintptr offset;
+        GLsizeiptr size;
+    };
 
-    std::vector<GLuint> buffers;
-    std::vector<GLintptr> offsets;
-    std::vector<GLsizeiptr> sizes;
+    GLenum target;
+    std::vector<Entry> entries;
 };
 
 void LabelGLObject(GLenum identifier, GLuint handle, VAddr addr, std::string_view extra_info = {});