Merge pull request #55 from bunnei/subv-improvements

Improvements to IPC, AppletOE, APM, VI, SVC

23 files changed, 381 insertions, 216 deletions

diff --git a/src/core/CMakeLists.txt b/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
index f5c92a5aa..2eab81ad6 100644
--- a/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/core/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ set(SRCS
             hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp
             hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.cpp
             hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.cpp
+            hle/service/nvdrv/interface.cpp
             hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp
-            hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_a.cpp
             hle/service/pctl/pctl.cpp
             hle/service/pctl/pctl_a.cpp
             hle/service/service.cpp
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ set(HEADERS
             hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.h
             hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.h
             hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h
+            hle/service/nvdrv/interface.h
             hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h
-            hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_a.h
             hle/service/pctl/pctl.h
             hle/service/pctl/pctl_a.h
             hle/service/service.h
diff --git a/src/core/hle/ipc_helpers.h b/src/core/hle/ipc_helpers.h
index 0f1077d9e..25530a3c8 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/ipc_helpers.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/ipc_helpers.h
@@ -9,10 +9,13 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 #include "core/hle/ipc.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/client_port.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/client_session.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/domain.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/handle_table.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/server_port.h"
 
 namespace IPC {
 
@@ -63,13 +66,20 @@ public:
         : RequestHelperBase(context) {
         memset(cmdbuf, 0, sizeof(u32) * IPC::COMMAND_BUFFER_LENGTH);
 
+        context.ClearIncomingObjects();
+
         IPC::CommandHeader header{};
 
         // The entire size of the raw data section in u32 units, including the 16 bytes of mandatory
         // padding.
         u32 raw_data_size = sizeof(IPC::DataPayloadHeader) / 4 + 4 + normal_params_size;
-        if (context.IsDomain())
+        if (context.IsDomain()) {
             raw_data_size += sizeof(DomainMessageHeader) / 4 + num_domain_objects;
+        } else {
+            // If we're not in a domain, turn the domain object parameters into move handles.
+            num_handles_to_move += num_domain_objects;
+            num_domain_objects = 0;
+        }
 
         header.data_size.Assign(raw_data_size);
         if (num_handles_to_copy || num_handles_to_move) {
@@ -100,7 +110,15 @@ public:
 
     template <class T, class... Args>
     void PushIpcInterface(Args&&... args) {
-        context->AddDomainObject(std::make_shared<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+        auto iface = std::make_shared<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        if (context->IsDomain()) {
+            context->AddDomainObject(std::move(iface));
+        } else {
+            auto port = iface->CreatePort();
+            auto session = port->Connect();
+            ASSERT(session.Succeeded());
+            context->AddMoveObject(std::move(session).Unwrap());
+        }
     }
 
     // Validate on destruction, as there shouldn't be any case where we don't want it
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h
index 164c6db69..6dceb766d 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h
@@ -175,6 +175,14 @@ public:
         domain_objects.emplace_back(std::move(object));
     }
 
+    /// Clears the list of objects so that no lingering objects are written accidentally to the
+    /// response buffer.
+    void ClearIncomingObjects() {
+        move_objects.clear();
+        copy_objects.clear();
+        domain_objects.clear();
+    }
+
 private:
     std::array<u32, IPC::COMMAND_BUFFER_LENGTH> cmd_buf;
     SharedPtr<Kernel::Domain> domain;
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc.cpp
index 056ba28ef..088058ebc 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc.cpp
@@ -255,8 +255,9 @@ static ResultCode CancelSynchronization(Handle thread_handle) {
 /// Attempts to locks a mutex, creating it if it does not already exist
 static ResultCode LockMutex(Handle holding_thread_handle, VAddr mutex_addr,
                             Handle requesting_thread_handle) {
-    LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called holding_thread_handle=0x%08X, mutex_addr=0x%llx, "
-                          "requesting_current_thread_handle=0x%08X",
+    LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC,
+              "called holding_thread_handle=0x%08X, mutex_addr=0x%llx, "
+              "requesting_current_thread_handle=0x%08X",
               holding_thread_handle, mutex_addr, requesting_thread_handle);
 
     SharedPtr<Thread> holding_thread = g_handle_table.Get<Thread>(holding_thread_handle);
@@ -304,8 +305,6 @@ static ResultCode GetInfo(u64* result, u64 info_id, u64 handle, u64 info_sub_id)
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called info_id=0x%X, info_sub_id=0x%X, handle=0x%08X", info_id,
               info_sub_id, handle);
 
-    ASSERT(handle == 0 || handle == CurrentProcess);
-
     auto& vm_manager = g_current_process->vm_manager;
 
     switch (static_cast<GetInfoType>(info_id)) {
@@ -321,6 +320,12 @@ static ResultCode GetInfo(u64* result, u64 info_id, u64 handle, u64 info_sub_id)
     case GetInfoType::MapRegionSize:
         *result = vm_manager.GetAddressSpaceSize();
         break;
+    case GetInfoType::HeapRegionBaseAddr:
+        *result = vm_manager.GetNewMapRegionBaseAddr() + vm_manager.GetNewMapRegionSize();
+        break;
+    case GetInfoType::HeapRegionSize:
+        *result = Memory::HEAP_SIZE;
+        break;
     case GetInfoType::TotalMemoryUsage:
         *result = vm_manager.GetTotalMemoryUsage();
         break;
@@ -345,6 +350,15 @@ static ResultCode GetInfo(u64* result, u64 info_id, u64 handle, u64 info_sub_id)
     case GetInfoType::IsVirtualAddressMemoryEnabled:
         *result = g_current_process->is_virtual_address_memory_enabled;
         break;
+    case GetInfoType::TitleId:
+        LOG_WARNING(Kernel_SVC, "(STUBBED) Attempted to query titleid, returned 0");
+        *result = 0;
+        break;
+    case GetInfoType::PrivilegedProcessId:
+        LOG_WARNING(Kernel_SVC,
+                    "(STUBBED) Attempted to query priviledged process id bounds, returned 0");
+        *result = 0;
+        break;
     default:
         UNIMPLEMENTED();
     }
@@ -533,8 +547,9 @@ static ResultCode CreateThread(Handle* out_handle, VAddr entry_point, u64 arg, V
 
     Core::System::GetInstance().PrepareReschedule();
 
-    LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called entrypoint=0x%08X (%s), arg=0x%08X, stacktop=0x%08X, "
-                          "threadpriority=0x%08X, processorid=0x%08X : created handle=0x%08X",
+    LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC,
+              "called entrypoint=0x%08X (%s), arg=0x%08X, stacktop=0x%08X, "
+              "threadpriority=0x%08X, processorid=0x%08X : created handle=0x%08X",
               entry_point, name.c_str(), arg, stack_top, priority, processor_id, *out_handle);
 
     return RESULT_SUCCESS;
diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc.h
index a56fd3602..42cc41da3 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/kernel/svc.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/svc.h
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ enum class GetInfoType : u64 {
     // 3.0.0+
     IsVirtualAddressMemoryEnabled = 16,
     TitleId = 18,
+    // 4.0.0+
     PrivilegedProcessId = 19,
 };
 
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/am/applet_oe.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/am/applet_oe.cpp
index b629ac509..b360e7e5f 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/am/applet_oe.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/am/applet_oe.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/event.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet_oe.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/apm/apm.h"
 
 namespace Service {
 namespace AM {
@@ -71,6 +72,15 @@ private:
         // Takes 3 input u8s with each field located immediately after the previous u8, these are
         // bool flags. No output.
 
+        IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+
+        struct FocusHandlingModeParams {
+            u8 unknown0;
+            u8 unknown1;
+            u8 unknown2;
+        };
+        auto flags = rp.PopRaw<FocusHandlingModeParams>();
+
         IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
         rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
 
@@ -85,27 +95,38 @@ private:
     }
 
     void SetPerformanceModeChangedNotification(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+        IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+
+        bool flag = rp.Pop<bool>();
+
         IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
         rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
 
-        LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
+        LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called flag=%u", static_cast<u32>(flag));
     }
 
     void SetOperationModeChangedNotification(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+        IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+
+        bool flag = rp.Pop<bool>();
+
         IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
         rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
 
-        LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
+        LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called flag=%u", static_cast<u32>(flag));
     }
 
     void SetOutOfFocusSuspendingEnabled(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         // Takes 3 input u8s with each field located immediately after the previous u8, these are
         // bool flags. No output.
+        IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+
+        bool enabled = rp.Pop<bool>();
 
         IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
         rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
 
-        LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
+        LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called enabled=%u", static_cast<u32>(enabled));
     }
 };
 
@@ -115,6 +136,8 @@ public:
         static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
             {0, &ICommonStateGetter::GetEventHandle, "GetEventHandle"},
             {1, &ICommonStateGetter::ReceiveMessage, "ReceiveMessage"},
+            {5, &ICommonStateGetter::GetOperationMode, "GetOperationMode"},
+            {6, &ICommonStateGetter::GetPerformanceMode, "GetPerformanceMode"},
             {9, &ICommonStateGetter::GetCurrentFocusState, "GetCurrentFocusState"},
         };
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
@@ -123,6 +146,16 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
+    enum class FocusState : u8 {
+        InFocus = 1,
+        NotInFocus = 2,
+    };
+
+    enum class OperationMode : u8 {
+        Handheld = 0,
+        Docked = 1,
+    };
+
     void GetEventHandle(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         event->Signal();
 
@@ -144,7 +177,23 @@ private:
     void GetCurrentFocusState(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
         rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
-        rb.Push<u32>(1); // 1: In focus, 2/3: Out of focus(running in "background")
+        rb.Push(static_cast<u8>(FocusState::InFocus));
+
+        LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
+    }
+
+    void GetOperationMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+        IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
+        rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+        rb.Push(static_cast<u8>(OperationMode::Handheld));
+
+        LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
+    }
+
+    void GetPerformanceMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+        IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
+        rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+        rb.Push(static_cast<u32>(APM::PerformanceMode::Handheld));
 
         LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
     }
@@ -160,6 +209,7 @@ public:
             {66, &IApplicationFunctions::InitializeGamePlayRecording,
              "InitializeGamePlayRecording"},
             {67, &IApplicationFunctions::SetGamePlayRecordingState, "SetGamePlayRecordingState"},
+            {40, &IApplicationFunctions::NotifyRunning, "NotifyRunning"},
         };
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
     }
@@ -187,6 +237,15 @@ private:
     void SetGamePlayRecordingState(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
         rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+
+        LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
+    }
+
+    void NotifyRunning(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+        IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
+        rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+        rb.Push<u8>(0); // Unknown, seems to be ignored by official processes
+
         LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
     }
 };
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/apm/apm.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/apm/apm.cpp
index 957abdd66..66d94ff52 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/apm/apm.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/apm/apm.cpp
@@ -13,12 +13,54 @@ void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager) {
     std::make_shared<APM>()->InstallAsService(service_manager);
 }
 
+class ISession final : public ServiceFramework<ISession> {
+public:
+    ISession() : ServiceFramework("ISession") {
+        static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
+            {0, &ISession::SetPerformanceConfiguration, "SetPerformanceConfiguration"},
+            {1, &ISession::GetPerformanceConfiguration, "GetPerformanceConfiguration"},
+        };
+        RegisterHandlers(functions);
+    }
+
+private:
+    void SetPerformanceConfiguration(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+        IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+
+        auto mode = static_cast<PerformanceMode>(rp.Pop<u32>());
+        u32 config = rp.Pop<u32>();
+
+        IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
+        rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+
+        LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called mode=%u config=%u", static_cast<u32>(mode), config);
+    }
+
+    void GetPerformanceConfiguration(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+        IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+
+        auto mode = static_cast<PerformanceMode>(rp.Pop<u32>());
+
+        IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
+        rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+        rb.Push<u32>(0); // Performance configuration
+
+        LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called mode=%u", static_cast<u32>(mode));
+    }
+};
+
 APM::APM() : ServiceFramework("apm") {
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
-        {0x00000000, nullptr, "OpenSession"}, {0x00000001, nullptr, "GetPerformanceMode"},
+        {0x00000000, &APM::OpenSession, "OpenSession"}, {0x00000001, nullptr, "GetPerformanceMode"},
     };
     RegisterHandlers(functions);
 }
 
+void APM::OpenSession(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 0, 1};
+    rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<ISession>();
+}
+
 } // namespace APM
 } // namespace Service
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/apm/apm.h b/src/core/hle/service/apm/apm.h
index 377db71a4..90a1afbbc 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/apm/apm.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/apm/apm.h
@@ -9,10 +9,18 @@
 namespace Service {
 namespace APM {
 
+enum class PerformanceMode : u8 {
+    Handheld = 0,
+    Docked = 1,
+};
+
 class APM final : public ServiceFramework<APM> {
 public:
     APM();
     ~APM() = default;
+
+private:
+    void OpenSession(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
 };
 
 /// Registers all AM services with the specified service manager.
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h
index 1ee2787c6..5ee33b3d6 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 
 namespace Service {
-namespace NVDRV {
+namespace Nvidia {
 namespace Devices {
 
 /// Represents an abstract nvidia device node. It is to be subclassed by concrete device nodes to
@@ -29,5 +29,5 @@ public:
 };
 
 } // namespace Devices
-} // namespace NVDRV
+} // namespace Nvidia
 } // namespace Service
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp
index 992f70b45..c42a65b36 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
 namespace Service {
-namespace NVDRV {
+namespace Nvidia {
 namespace Devices {
 
 u32 nvdisp_disp0::ioctl(u32 command, const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
@@ -32,5 +32,5 @@ void nvdisp_disp0::flip(u32 buffer_handle, u32 offset, u32 format, u32 width, u3
 }
 
 } // namespace Devices
-} // namespace NVDRV
+} // namespace Nvidia
 } // namespace Service
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.h
index 601068af1..f5f9de3f4 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h"
 
 namespace Service {
-namespace NVDRV {
+namespace Nvidia {
 namespace Devices {
 
 class nvmap;
@@ -30,5 +30,5 @@ private:
 };
 
 } // namespace Devices
-} // namespace NVDRV
+} // namespace Nvidia
 } // namespace Service
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.cpp
index c7bf79050..9db08339a 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.h"
 
 namespace Service {
-namespace NVDRV {
+namespace Nvidia {
 namespace Devices {
 
 u32 nvhost_as_gpu::ioctl(u32 command, const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ u32 nvhost_as_gpu::ioctl(u32 command, const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<
 }
 
 } // namespace Devices
-} // namespace NVDRV
+} // namespace Nvidia
 } // namespace Service
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.h
index 6f441b020..01f8861c8 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h"
 
 namespace Service {
-namespace NVDRV {
+namespace Nvidia {
 namespace Devices {
 
 class nvhost_as_gpu final : public nvdevice {
@@ -21,5 +21,5 @@ public:
 };
 
 } // namespace Devices
-} // namespace NVDRV
+} // namespace Nvidia
 } // namespace Service
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.cpp
index 2d6f30e3e..d37b5b159 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h"
 
 namespace Service {
-namespace NVDRV {
+namespace Nvidia {
 namespace Devices {
 
 VAddr nvmap::GetObjectAddress(u32 handle) const {
@@ -151,5 +151,5 @@ u32 nvmap::IocParam(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
 }
 
 } // namespace Devices
-} // namespace NVDRV
+} // namespace Nvidia
 } // namespace Service
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h
index e74f356e5..6954c0324 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h"
 
 namespace Service {
-namespace NVDRV {
+namespace Nvidia {
 namespace Devices {
 
 class nvmap final : public nvdevice {
@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@ private:
 };
 
 } // namespace Devices
-} // namespace NVDRV
+} // namespace Nvidia
 } // namespace Service
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_a.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.cpp
index 84d89cb49..0670ca155 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_a.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.cpp
@@ -4,35 +4,27 @@
 
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_a.h"
 
 namespace Service {
-namespace NVDRV {
+namespace Nvidia {
 
-void NVDRV_A::Open(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+void NVDRV::Open(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
 
     auto buffer = ctx.BufferDescriptorA()[0];
 
     std::string device_name = Memory::ReadCString(buffer.Address(), buffer.Size());
 
-    auto device = devices[device_name];
-    u32 fd = next_fd++;
-
-    open_files[fd] = device;
-
+    u32 fd = nvdrv->Open(device_name);
     IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 4};
     rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
     rb.Push<u32>(fd);
     rb.Push<u32>(0);
 }
 
-void NVDRV_A::Ioctl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+void NVDRV::Ioctl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
 
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
@@ -46,11 +38,8 @@ void NVDRV_A::Ioctl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     std::vector<u8> output(output_buffer.Size());
 
     Memory::ReadBlock(input_buffer.Address(), input.data(), input_buffer.Size());
-    auto itr = open_files.find(fd);
-    ASSERT_MSG(itr != open_files.end(), "Tried to talk to an invalid device");
 
-    auto device = itr->second;
-    u32 nv_result = device->ioctl(command, input, output);
+    u32 nv_result = nvdrv->Ioctl(fd, command, input, output);
 
     Memory::WriteBlock(output_buffer.Address(), output.data(), output_buffer.Size());
 
@@ -59,26 +48,22 @@ void NVDRV_A::Ioctl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     rb.Push(nv_result);
 }
 
-void NVDRV_A::Initialize(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+void NVDRV::Initialize(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
     IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
     rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
     rb.Push<u32>(0);
 }
 
-NVDRV_A::NVDRV_A() : ServiceFramework("nvdrv:a") {
+NVDRV::NVDRV(std::shared_ptr<Module> nvdrv, const char* name)
+    : ServiceFramework(name), nvdrv(std::move(nvdrv)) {
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
-        {0, &NVDRV_A::Open, "Open"},
-        {1, &NVDRV_A::Ioctl, "Ioctl"},
-        {3, &NVDRV_A::Initialize, "Initialize"},
+        {0, &NVDRV::Open, "Open"},
+        {1, &NVDRV::Ioctl, "Ioctl"},
+        {3, &NVDRV::Initialize, "Initialize"},
     };
     RegisterHandlers(functions);
-
-    auto nvmap_dev = std::make_shared<Devices::nvmap>();
-    devices["/dev/nvhost-as-gpu"] = std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_as_gpu>();
-    devices["/dev/nvmap"] = nvmap_dev;
-    devices["/dev/nvdisp_disp0"] = std::make_shared<Devices::nvdisp_disp0>(nvmap_dev);
 }
 
-} // namespace NVDRV
+} // namespace Nvidia
 } // namespace Service
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c95b7217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/service.h"
+
+namespace Service {
+namespace Nvidia {
+
+class NVDRV final : public ServiceFramework<NVDRV> {
+public:
+    NVDRV(std::shared_ptr<Module> nvdrv, const char* name);
+    ~NVDRV() = default;
+
+private:
+    void Open(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void Ioctl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void Initialize(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Module> nvdrv;
+};
+
+} // namespace Nvidia
+} // namespace Service
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp
index c874e6395..cf525a875 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp
@@ -2,19 +2,52 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_a.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.h"
 
 namespace Service {
-namespace NVDRV {
+namespace Nvidia {
 
-std::weak_ptr<NVDRV_A> nvdrv_a;
+std::weak_ptr<Module> nvdrv;
 
 void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager) {
-    auto nvdrv = std::make_shared<NVDRV_A>();
-    nvdrv->InstallAsService(service_manager);
-    nvdrv_a = nvdrv;
+    auto module_ = std::make_shared<Module>();
+    std::make_shared<NVDRV>(module_, "nvdrv")->InstallAsService(service_manager);
+    std::make_shared<NVDRV>(module_, "nvdrv:a")->InstallAsService(service_manager);
+    nvdrv = module_;
 }
 
-} // namespace NVDRV
+Module::Module() {
+    auto nvmap_dev = std::make_shared<Devices::nvmap>();
+    devices["/dev/nvhost-as-gpu"] = std::make_shared<Devices::nvhost_as_gpu>();
+    devices["/dev/nvmap"] = nvmap_dev;
+    devices["/dev/nvdisp_disp0"] = std::make_shared<Devices::nvdisp_disp0>(nvmap_dev);
+}
+
+u32 Module::Open(std::string device_name) {
+    ASSERT_MSG(devices.find(device_name) != devices.end(), "Trying to open unknown device %s",
+               device_name.c_str());
+
+    auto device = devices[device_name];
+    u32 fd = next_fd++;
+
+    open_files[fd] = device;
+
+    return fd;
+}
+
+u32 Module::Ioctl(u32 fd, u32 command, const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+    auto itr = open_files.find(fd);
+    ASSERT_MSG(itr != open_files.end(), "Tried to talk to an invalid device");
+
+    auto device = itr->second;
+    return device->ioctl(command, input, output);
+}
+
+} // namespace Nvidia
 } // namespace Service
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h
index a1c050416..1940ced99 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h
@@ -11,110 +11,46 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
 
 namespace Service {
-namespace NVDRV {
+namespace Nvidia {
 
-class nvdevice {
-public:
-    virtual ~nvdevice() = default;
-
-    virtual u32 ioctl(u32 command, const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) = 0;
-};
+namespace Devices {
+class nvdevice;
+}
 
-class nvmap : public nvdevice {
+class Module final {
 public:
-    /// Returns the allocated address of an nvmap object given its handle.
-    VAddr GetObjectAddress(u32 handle) const;
-
-    u32 ioctl(u32 command, const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+    Module();
+    ~Module() = default;
+
+    /// Returns a pointer to one of the available devices, identified by its name.
+    template <typename T>
+    std::shared_ptr<T> GetDevice(std::string name) {
+        auto itr = devices.find(name);
+        if (itr == devices.end())
+            return nullptr;
+        return std::static_pointer_cast<T>(itr->second);
+    }
+
+    /// Opens a device node and returns a file descriptor to it.
+    u32 Open(std::string device_name);
+    /// Sends an ioctl command to the specified file descriptor.
+    u32 Ioctl(u32 fd, u32 command, const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
 private:
-    // Represents an nvmap object.
-    struct Object {
-        enum class Status { Created, Allocated };
-        u32 id;
-        u32 size;
-        u32 flags;
-        u32 align;
-        u8 kind;
-        VAddr addr;
-        Status status;
-    };
-
-    u32 next_handle = 1;
-    u32 next_id = 1;
-    std::unordered_map<u32, std::shared_ptr<Object>> handles;
-
-    enum IoctlCommands {
-        IocCreateCommand = 0xC0080101,
-        IocFromIdCommand = 0xC0080103,
-        IocAllocCommand = 0xC0200104,
-        IocParamCommand = 0xC00C0109,
-        IocGetIdCommand = 0xC008010E
-    };
-
-    struct IocCreateParams {
-        // Input
-        u32_le size;
-        // Output
-        u32_le handle;
-    };
-
-    struct IocAllocParams {
-        // Input
-        u32_le handle;
-        u32_le heap_mask;
-        u32_le flags;
-        u32_le align;
-        u8 kind;
-        INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(7);
-        u64_le addr;
-    };
-
-    struct IocGetIdParams {
-        // Output
-        u32_le id;
-        // Input
-        u32_le handle;
-    };
+    /// Id to use for the next open file descriptor.
+    u32 next_fd = 1;
 
-    struct IocFromIdParams {
-        // Input
-        u32_le id;
-        // Output
-        u32_le handle;
-    };
+    /// Mapping of file descriptors to the devices they reference.
+    std::unordered_map<u32, std::shared_ptr<Devices::nvdevice>> open_files;
 
-    struct IocParamParams {
-        // Input
-        u32_le handle;
-        u32_le type;
-        // Output
-        u32_le value;
-    };
-
-    u32 IocCreate(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    u32 IocAlloc(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    u32 IocGetId(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    u32 IocFromId(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    u32 IocParam(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-};
-
-class nvdisp_disp0 : public nvdevice {
-public:
-    nvdisp_disp0(std::shared_ptr<nvmap> nvmap_dev) : nvdevice(), nvmap_dev(std::move(nvmap_dev)) {}
-    ~nvdisp_disp0() = default;
-
-    u32 ioctl(u32 command, const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-
-    /// Performs a screen flip, drawing the buffer pointed to by the handle.
-    void flip(u32 buffer_handle, u32 offset, u32 format, u32 width, u32 height, u32 stride);
-
-private:
-    std::shared_ptr<nvmap> nvmap_dev;
+    /// Mapping of device node names to their implementation.
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Devices::nvdevice>> devices;
 };
 
 /// Registers all NVDRV services with the specified service manager.
 void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager);
 
-} // namespace NVDRV
+extern std::weak_ptr<Module> nvdrv;
+
+} // namespace Nvidia
 } // namespace Service
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_a.h b/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_a.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 62f10e9f6..000000000
--- a/src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_a.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/service.h"
-
-namespace Service {
-namespace NVDRV {
-
-namespace Devices {
-class nvdevice;
-}
-
-class NVDRV_A final : public ServiceFramework<NVDRV_A> {
-public:
-    NVDRV_A();
-    ~NVDRV_A() = default;
-
-    /// Returns a pointer to one of the available devices, identified by its name.
-    template <typename T>
-    std::shared_ptr<T> GetDevice(std::string name) {
-        auto itr = devices.find(name);
-        if (itr == devices.end())
-            return nullptr;
-        return std::static_pointer_cast<T>(itr->second);
-    }
-
-private:
-    void Open(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
-    void Ioctl(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
-    void Initialize(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
-
-    /// Id to use for the next open file descriptor.
-    u32 next_fd = 1;
-
-    /// Mapping of file descriptors to the devices they reference.
-    std::unordered_map<u32, std::shared_ptr<Devices::nvdevice>> open_files;
-
-    /// Mapping of device node names to their implementation.
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Devices::nvdevice>> devices;
-};
-
-extern std::weak_ptr<NVDRV_A> nvdrv_a;
-
-} // namespace NVDRV
-} // namespace Service
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/service.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/service.cpp
index 02d434660..44623d40f 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/service.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/service.cpp
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ void Init() {
     Audio::InstallInterfaces(*SM::g_service_manager);
     HID::InstallInterfaces(*SM::g_service_manager);
     LM::InstallInterfaces(*SM::g_service_manager);
-    NVDRV::InstallInterfaces(*SM::g_service_manager);
+    Nvidia::InstallInterfaces(*SM::g_service_manager);
     PCTL::InstallInterfaces(*SM::g_service_manager);
     Time::InstallInterfaces(*SM::g_service_manager);
     VI::InstallInterfaces(*SM::g_service_manager);
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.cpp b/src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.cpp
index 93ebbe75f..cae2c4466 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.cpp
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_a.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/vi/vi.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/vi/vi_m.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_base.h"
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ public:
         static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
             {0, &IHOSBinderDriver::TransactParcel, "TransactParcel"},
             {1, &IHOSBinderDriver::AdjustRefcount, "AdjustRefcount"},
-            {2, nullptr, "GetNativeHandle"},
+            {2, &IHOSBinderDriver::GetNativeHandle, "GetNativeHandle"},
             {3, nullptr, "TransactParcelAuto"},
         };
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
@@ -463,6 +463,21 @@ private:
         rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
     }
 
+    void GetNativeHandle(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+        IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+        u32 id = rp.Pop<u32>();
+        u32 unknown = rp.Pop<u32>();
+
+        auto buffer_queue = nv_flinger->GetBufferQueue(id);
+
+        // TODO(Subv): Find out what this actually is.
+
+        LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called id=%u, unknown=%08X", id, unknown);
+        IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
+        rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+        rb.PushCopyObjects(buffer_queue->GetNativeHandle());
+    }
+
     std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger> nv_flinger;
 };
 
@@ -565,6 +580,15 @@ void IApplicationDisplayService::GetManagerDisplayService(Kernel::HLERequestCont
     rb.PushIpcInterface<IManagerDisplayService>(nv_flinger);
 }
 
+void IApplicationDisplayService::GetIndirectDisplayTransactionService(
+    Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
+
+    IPC::RequestBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 0, 1};
+    rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<IHOSBinderDriver>(nv_flinger);
+}
+
 void IApplicationDisplayService::OpenDisplay(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
@@ -580,6 +604,15 @@ void IApplicationDisplayService::OpenDisplay(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     rb.Push<u64>(nv_flinger->OpenDisplay(name));
 }
 
+void IApplicationDisplayService::CloseDisplay(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
+    IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+    u64 display_id = rp.Pop<u64>();
+
+    IPC::RequestBuilder rb = rp.MakeBuilder(4, 0, 0, 0);
+    rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
 void IApplicationDisplayService::OpenLayer(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
@@ -605,6 +638,40 @@ void IApplicationDisplayService::OpenLayer(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     rb.Push<u64>(data.size());
 }
 
+void IApplicationDisplayService::CreateStrayLayer(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
+
+    IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+    u32 flags = rp.Pop<u32>();
+    u64 display_id = rp.Pop<u64>();
+
+    auto& buffer = ctx.BufferDescriptorB()[0];
+
+    // TODO(Subv): What's the difference between a Stray and a Managed layer?
+
+    u64 layer_id = nv_flinger->CreateLayer(display_id);
+    u32 buffer_queue_id = nv_flinger->GetBufferQueueId(display_id, layer_id);
+
+    NativeWindow native_window{buffer_queue_id};
+    auto data = native_window.Serialize();
+    Memory::WriteBlock(buffer.Address(), data.data(), data.size());
+
+    IPC::RequestBuilder rb = rp.MakeBuilder(6, 0, 0, 0);
+    rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+    rb.Push(layer_id);
+    rb.Push<u64>(data.size());
+}
+
+void IApplicationDisplayService::DestroyStrayLayer(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
+
+    IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+    u64 layer_id = rp.Pop<u64>();
+
+    IPC::RequestBuilder rb = rp.MakeBuilder(2, 0, 0, 0);
+    rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
 void IApplicationDisplayService::SetLayerScalingMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service, "(STUBBED) called");
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
@@ -633,11 +700,15 @@ IApplicationDisplayService::IApplicationDisplayService(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger
         {100, &IApplicationDisplayService::GetRelayService, "GetRelayService"},
         {101, &IApplicationDisplayService::GetSystemDisplayService, "GetSystemDisplayService"},
         {102, &IApplicationDisplayService::GetManagerDisplayService, "GetManagerDisplayService"},
-        {103, nullptr, "GetIndirectDisplayTransactionService"},
+        {103, &IApplicationDisplayService::GetIndirectDisplayTransactionService,
+         "GetIndirectDisplayTransactionService"},
         {1000, nullptr, "ListDisplays"},
         {1010, &IApplicationDisplayService::OpenDisplay, "OpenDisplay"},
+        {1020, &IApplicationDisplayService::CloseDisplay, "CloseDisplay"},
         {2101, &IApplicationDisplayService::SetLayerScalingMode, "SetLayerScalingMode"},
         {2020, &IApplicationDisplayService::OpenLayer, "OpenLayer"},
+        {2030, &IApplicationDisplayService::CreateStrayLayer, "CreateStrayLayer"},
+        {2031, &IApplicationDisplayService::DestroyStrayLayer, "DestroyStrayLayer"},
         {5202, &IApplicationDisplayService::GetDisplayVsyncEvent, "GetDisplayVsyncEvent"},
     };
     RegisterHandlers(functions);
@@ -763,12 +834,12 @@ void NVFlinger::Compose() {
         auto& igbp_buffer = buffer->igbp_buffer;
 
         // Now send the buffer to the GPU for drawing.
-        auto nvdrv = NVDRV::nvdrv_a.lock();
+        auto nvdrv = Nvidia::nvdrv.lock();
         ASSERT(nvdrv);
 
         // TODO(Subv): Support more than just disp0. The display device selection is probably based
         // on which display we're drawing (Default, Internal, External, etc)
-        auto nvdisp = nvdrv->GetDevice<NVDRV::Devices::nvdisp_disp0>("/dev/nvdisp_disp0");
+        auto nvdisp = nvdrv->GetDevice<Nvidia::Devices::nvdisp_disp0>("/dev/nvdisp_disp0");
         ASSERT(nvdisp);
 
         nvdisp->flip(igbp_buffer.gpu_buffer_id, igbp_buffer.offset, igbp_buffer.format,
@@ -778,7 +849,9 @@ void NVFlinger::Compose() {
     }
 }
 
-BufferQueue::BufferQueue(u32 id, u64 layer_id) : id(id), layer_id(layer_id) {}
+BufferQueue::BufferQueue(u32 id, u64 layer_id) : id(id), layer_id(layer_id) {
+    native_handle = Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "BufferQueue NativeHandle");
+}
 
 void BufferQueue::SetPreallocatedBuffer(u32 slot, IGBPBuffer& igbp_buffer) {
     Buffer buffer{};
diff --git a/src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.h b/src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.h
index 10e894f8c..81d4f3daa 100644
--- a/src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.h
+++ b/src/core/hle/service/vi/vi.h
@@ -59,11 +59,16 @@ public:
         return id;
     }
 
+    Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Event> GetNativeHandle() const {
+        return native_handle;
+    }
+
 private:
     u32 id;
     u64 layer_id;
 
     std::vector<Buffer> queue;
+    Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Event> native_handle;
 };
 
 struct Layer {
@@ -138,9 +143,13 @@ private:
     void GetRelayService(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void GetSystemDisplayService(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void GetManagerDisplayService(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void GetIndirectDisplayTransactionService(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void OpenDisplay(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void CloseDisplay(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void SetLayerScalingMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void OpenLayer(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void CreateStrayLayer(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void DestroyStrayLayer(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void GetDisplayVsyncEvent(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
 
     std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger> nv_flinger;