Merge branch 'yuzu-emu:master' into convert_legacy

11 files changed, 453 insertions, 61 deletions

diff --git a/src/common/CMakeLists.txt b/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
index 23d43a394..919da4a53 100644
--- a/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/common/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ add_library(common STATIC
     hex_util.h
     host_memory.cpp
     host_memory.h
+    input.h
     intrusive_red_black_tree.h
     literals.h
     logging/backend.cpp
diff --git a/src/common/bit_util.h b/src/common/bit_util.h
index 64520ca4e..eef8c1c5a 100644
--- a/src/common/bit_util.h
+++ b/src/common/bit_util.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <bit>
 #include <climits>
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 
@@ -44,4 +45,10 @@ template <typename T>
     return static_cast<u32>(log2_f + static_cast<u64>((value ^ (1ULL << log2_f)) != 0ULL));
 }
 
+template <typename T>
+requires std::is_integral_v<T>
+[[nodiscard]] T NextPow2(T value) {
+    return static_cast<T>(1ULL << ((8U * sizeof(T)) - std::countl_zero(value - 1U)));
+}
+
 } // namespace Common
diff --git a/src/common/host_memory.cpp b/src/common/host_memory.cpp
index b44a44949..28949fe5e 100644
--- a/src/common/host_memory.cpp
+++ b/src/common/host_memory.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+// Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
 #ifdef _WIN32
 
 #include <iterator>
diff --git a/src/common/input.h b/src/common/input.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f775a4c01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/input.h
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "common/param_package.h"
+#include "common/uuid.h"
+
+namespace Common::Input {
+
+// Type of data that is expected to recieve or send
+enum class InputType {
+    None,
+    Battery,
+    Button,
+    Stick,
+    Analog,
+    Trigger,
+    Motion,
+    Touch,
+    Color,
+    Vibration,
+    Nfc,
+    Ir,
+};
+
+// Internal battery charge level
+enum class BatteryLevel : u32 {
+    None,
+    Empty,
+    Critical,
+    Low,
+    Medium,
+    Full,
+    Charging,
+};
+
+enum class PollingMode {
+    // Constant polling of buttons, analogs and motion data
+    Active,
+    // Only update on button change, digital analogs
+    Pasive,
+    // Enable near field communication polling
+    NFC,
+    // Enable infrared camera polling
+    IR,
+};
+
+// Vibration reply from the controller
+enum class VibrationError {
+    None,
+    NotSupported,
+    Disabled,
+    Unknown,
+};
+
+// Polling mode reply from the controller
+enum class PollingError {
+    None,
+    NotSupported,
+    Unknown,
+};
+
+// Hint for amplification curve to be used
+enum class VibrationAmplificationType {
+    Linear,
+    Exponential,
+};
+
+// Analog properties for calibration
+struct AnalogProperties {
+    // Anything below this value will be detected as zero
+    float deadzone{};
+    // Anyting above this values will be detected as one
+    float range{1.0f};
+    // Minimum value to be detected as active
+    float threshold{0.5f};
+    // Drift correction applied to the raw data
+    float offset{};
+    // Invert direction of the sensor data
+    bool inverted{};
+};
+
+// Single analog sensor data
+struct AnalogStatus {
+    float value{};
+    float raw_value{};
+    AnalogProperties properties{};
+};
+
+// Button data
+struct ButtonStatus {
+    Common::UUID uuid{};
+    bool value{};
+    bool inverted{};
+    bool toggle{};
+    bool locked{};
+};
+
+// Internal battery data
+using BatteryStatus = BatteryLevel;
+
+// Analog and digital joystick data
+struct StickStatus {
+    Common::UUID uuid{};
+    AnalogStatus x{};
+    AnalogStatus y{};
+    bool left{};
+    bool right{};
+    bool up{};
+    bool down{};
+};
+
+// Analog and digital trigger data
+struct TriggerStatus {
+    Common::UUID uuid{};
+    AnalogStatus analog{};
+    ButtonStatus pressed{};
+};
+
+// 3D vector representing motion input
+struct MotionSensor {
+    AnalogStatus x{};
+    AnalogStatus y{};
+    AnalogStatus z{};
+};
+
+// Motion data used to calculate controller orientation
+struct MotionStatus {
+    // Gyroscope vector measurement in radians/s.
+    MotionSensor gyro{};
+    // Acceleration vector measurement in G force
+    MotionSensor accel{};
+    // Time since last measurement in microseconds
+    u64 delta_timestamp{};
+    // Request to update after reading the value
+    bool force_update{};
+};
+
+// Data of a single point on a touch screen
+struct TouchStatus {
+    ButtonStatus pressed{};
+    AnalogStatus x{};
+    AnalogStatus y{};
+    int id{};
+};
+
+// Physical controller color in RGB format
+struct BodyColorStatus {
+    u32 body{};
+    u32 buttons{};
+};
+
+// HD rumble data
+struct VibrationStatus {
+    f32 low_amplitude{};
+    f32 low_frequency{};
+    f32 high_amplitude{};
+    f32 high_frequency{};
+    VibrationAmplificationType type;
+};
+
+// Physical controller LED pattern
+struct LedStatus {
+    bool led_1{};
+    bool led_2{};
+    bool led_3{};
+    bool led_4{};
+};
+
+// List of buttons to be passed to Qt that can be translated
+enum class ButtonNames {
+    Undefined,
+    Invalid,
+    // This will display the engine name instead of the button name
+    Engine,
+    // This will display the button by value instead of the button name
+    Value,
+    ButtonLeft,
+    ButtonRight,
+    ButtonDown,
+    ButtonUp,
+    TriggerZ,
+    TriggerR,
+    TriggerL,
+    ButtonA,
+    ButtonB,
+    ButtonX,
+    ButtonY,
+    ButtonStart,
+
+    // DS4 button names
+    L1,
+    L2,
+    L3,
+    R1,
+    R2,
+    R3,
+    Circle,
+    Cross,
+    Square,
+    Triangle,
+    Share,
+    Options,
+};
+
+// Callback data consisting of an input type and the equivalent data status
+struct CallbackStatus {
+    InputType type{InputType::None};
+    ButtonStatus button_status{};
+    StickStatus stick_status{};
+    AnalogStatus analog_status{};
+    TriggerStatus trigger_status{};
+    MotionStatus motion_status{};
+    TouchStatus touch_status{};
+    BodyColorStatus color_status{};
+    BatteryStatus battery_status{};
+    VibrationStatus vibration_status{};
+};
+
+// Triggered once every input change
+struct InputCallback {
+    std::function<void(const CallbackStatus&)> on_change;
+};
+
+/// An abstract class template for an input device (a button, an analog input, etc.).
+class InputDevice {
+public:
+    virtual ~InputDevice() = default;
+
+    // Request input device to update if necessary
+    virtual void SoftUpdate() {}
+
+    // Force input device to update data regardless of the current state
+    virtual void ForceUpdate() {}
+
+    // Sets the function to be triggered when input changes
+    void SetCallback(InputCallback callback_) {
+        callback = std::move(callback_);
+    }
+
+    // Triggers the function set in the callback
+    void TriggerOnChange(const CallbackStatus& status) {
+        if (callback.on_change) {
+            callback.on_change(status);
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    InputCallback callback;
+};
+
+/// An abstract class template for an output device (rumble, LED pattern, polling mode).
+class OutputDevice {
+public:
+    virtual ~OutputDevice() = default;
+
+    virtual void SetLED([[maybe_unused]] const LedStatus& led_status) {}
+
+    virtual VibrationError SetVibration([[maybe_unused]] const VibrationStatus& vibration_status) {
+        return VibrationError::NotSupported;
+    }
+
+    virtual PollingError SetPollingMode([[maybe_unused]] PollingMode polling_mode) {
+        return PollingError::NotSupported;
+    }
+};
+
+/// An abstract class template for a factory that can create input devices.
+template <typename InputDeviceType>
+class Factory {
+public:
+    virtual ~Factory() = default;
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<InputDeviceType> Create(const Common::ParamPackage&) = 0;
+};
+
+namespace Impl {
+
+template <typename InputDeviceType>
+using FactoryListType = std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Factory<InputDeviceType>>>;
+
+template <typename InputDeviceType>
+struct FactoryList {
+    static FactoryListType<InputDeviceType> list;
+};
+
+template <typename InputDeviceType>
+FactoryListType<InputDeviceType> FactoryList<InputDeviceType>::list;
+
+} // namespace Impl
+
+/**
+ * Registers an input device factory.
+ * @tparam InputDeviceType the type of input devices the factory can create
+ * @param name the name of the factory. Will be used to match the "engine" parameter when creating
+ *     a device
+ * @param factory the factory object to register
+ */
+template <typename InputDeviceType>
+void RegisterFactory(const std::string& name, std::shared_ptr<Factory<InputDeviceType>> factory) {
+    auto pair = std::make_pair(name, std::move(factory));
+    if (!Impl::FactoryList<InputDeviceType>::list.insert(std::move(pair)).second) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Input, "Factory '{}' already registered", name);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Unregisters an input device factory.
+ * @tparam InputDeviceType the type of input devices the factory can create
+ * @param name the name of the factory to unregister
+ */
+template <typename InputDeviceType>
+void UnregisterFactory(const std::string& name) {
+    if (Impl::FactoryList<InputDeviceType>::list.erase(name) == 0) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Input, "Factory '{}' not registered", name);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create an input device from given paramters.
+ * @tparam InputDeviceType the type of input devices to create
+ * @param params a serialized ParamPackage string that contains all parameters for creating the
+ * device
+ */
+template <typename InputDeviceType>
+std::unique_ptr<InputDeviceType> CreateDeviceFromString(const std::string& params) {
+    const Common::ParamPackage package(params);
+    const std::string engine = package.Get("engine", "null");
+    const auto& factory_list = Impl::FactoryList<InputDeviceType>::list;
+    const auto pair = factory_list.find(engine);
+    if (pair == factory_list.end()) {
+        if (engine != "null") {
+            LOG_ERROR(Input, "Unknown engine name: {}", engine);
+        }
+        return std::make_unique<InputDeviceType>();
+    }
+    return pair->second->Create(package);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create an input device from given paramters.
+ * @tparam InputDeviceType the type of input devices to create
+ * @param A ParamPackage that contains all parameters for creating the device
+ */
+template <typename InputDeviceType>
+std::unique_ptr<InputDeviceType> CreateDevice(const Common::ParamPackage package) {
+    const std::string engine = package.Get("engine", "null");
+    const auto& factory_list = Impl::FactoryList<InputDeviceType>::list;
+    const auto pair = factory_list.find(engine);
+    if (pair == factory_list.end()) {
+        if (engine != "null") {
+            LOG_ERROR(Input, "Unknown engine name: {}", engine);
+        }
+        return std::make_unique<InputDeviceType>();
+    }
+    return pair->second->Create(package);
+}
+
+} // namespace Common::Input
diff --git a/src/common/logging/filter.cpp b/src/common/logging/filter.cpp
index 42744c994..b898a652c 100644
--- a/src/common/logging/filter.cpp
+++ b/src/common/logging/filter.cpp
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ bool ParseFilterRule(Filter& instance, Iterator begin, Iterator end) {
     SUB(Service, NGCT)                                                                             \
     SUB(Service, NIFM)                                                                             \
     SUB(Service, NIM)                                                                              \
+    SUB(Service, NOTIF)                                                                            \
     SUB(Service, NPNS)                                                                             \
     SUB(Service, NS)                                                                               \
     SUB(Service, NVDRV)                                                                            \
diff --git a/src/common/logging/types.h b/src/common/logging/types.h
index 2d21fc483..9ed0c7ad6 100644
--- a/src/common/logging/types.h
+++ b/src/common/logging/types.h
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ enum class Class : u8 {
     Service_NGCT,      ///< The NGCT (No Good Content for Terra) service
     Service_NIFM,      ///< The NIFM (Network interface) service
     Service_NIM,       ///< The NIM service
+    Service_NOTIF,     ///< The NOTIF (Notification) service
     Service_NPNS,      ///< The NPNS service
     Service_NS,        ///< The NS services
     Service_NVDRV,     ///< The NVDRV (Nvidia driver) service
diff --git a/src/common/settings.cpp b/src/common/settings.cpp
index 3bcaa072f..6964a8273 100644
--- a/src/common/settings.cpp
+++ b/src/common/settings.cpp
@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@ void RestoreGlobalState(bool is_powered_on) {
     values.max_anisotropy.SetGlobal(true);
     values.use_speed_limit.SetGlobal(true);
     values.speed_limit.SetGlobal(true);
+    values.fps_cap.SetGlobal(true);
     values.use_disk_shader_cache.SetGlobal(true);
     values.gpu_accuracy.SetGlobal(true);
     values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.SetGlobal(true);
diff --git a/src/common/settings.h b/src/common/settings.h
index 42f8b4a7d..313f1fa7f 100644
--- a/src/common/settings.h
+++ b/src/common/settings.h
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
-#include <atomic>
 #include <map>
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
@@ -525,7 +524,7 @@ struct Values {
     Setting<NvdecEmulation> nvdec_emulation{NvdecEmulation::GPU, "nvdec_emulation"};
     Setting<bool> accelerate_astc{true, "accelerate_astc"};
     Setting<bool> use_vsync{true, "use_vsync"};
-    BasicRangedSetting<u16> fps_cap{1000, 1, 1000, "fps_cap"};
+    RangedSetting<u16> fps_cap{1000, 1, 1000, "fps_cap"};
     BasicSetting<bool> disable_fps_limit{false, "disable_fps_limit"};
     RangedSetting<ShaderBackend> shader_backend{ShaderBackend::GLASM, ShaderBackend::GLSL,
                                                 ShaderBackend::SPIRV, "shader_backend"};
@@ -560,25 +559,19 @@ struct Values {
     Setting<bool> enable_accurate_vibrations{false, "enable_accurate_vibrations"};
 
     Setting<bool> motion_enabled{true, "motion_enabled"};
-    BasicSetting<std::string> motion_device{"engine:motion_emu,update_period:100,sensitivity:0.01",
-                                            "motion_device"};
     BasicSetting<std::string> udp_input_servers{"127.0.0.1:26760", "udp_input_servers"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> enable_udp_controller{false, "enable_udp_controller"};
 
     BasicSetting<bool> pause_tas_on_load{true, "pause_tas_on_load"};
     BasicSetting<bool> tas_enable{false, "tas_enable"};
     BasicSetting<bool> tas_loop{false, "tas_loop"};
-    BasicSetting<bool> tas_swap_controllers{true, "tas_swap_controllers"};
 
     BasicSetting<bool> mouse_panning{false, "mouse_panning"};
     BasicRangedSetting<u8> mouse_panning_sensitivity{10, 1, 100, "mouse_panning_sensitivity"};
     BasicSetting<bool> mouse_enabled{false, "mouse_enabled"};
-    std::string mouse_device;
-    MouseButtonsRaw mouse_buttons;
 
     BasicSetting<bool> emulate_analog_keyboard{false, "emulate_analog_keyboard"};
     BasicSetting<bool> keyboard_enabled{false, "keyboard_enabled"};
-    KeyboardKeysRaw keyboard_keys;
-    KeyboardModsRaw keyboard_mods;
 
     BasicSetting<bool> debug_pad_enabled{false, "debug_pad_enabled"};
     ButtonsRaw debug_pad_buttons;
@@ -586,14 +579,11 @@ struct Values {
 
     TouchscreenInput touchscreen;
 
-    BasicSetting<bool> use_touch_from_button{false, "use_touch_from_button"};
     BasicSetting<std::string> touch_device{"min_x:100,min_y:50,max_x:1800,max_y:850",
                                            "touch_device"};
     BasicSetting<int> touch_from_button_map_index{0, "touch_from_button_map"};
     std::vector<TouchFromButtonMap> touch_from_button_maps;
 
-    std::atomic_bool is_device_reload_pending{true};
-
     // Data Storage
     BasicSetting<bool> use_virtual_sd{true, "use_virtual_sd"};
     BasicSetting<bool> gamecard_inserted{false, "gamecard_inserted"};
@@ -614,6 +604,7 @@ struct Values {
     BasicSetting<bool> extended_logging{false, "extended_logging"};
     BasicSetting<bool> use_debug_asserts{false, "use_debug_asserts"};
     BasicSetting<bool> use_auto_stub{false, "use_auto_stub"};
+    BasicSetting<bool> enable_all_controllers{false, "enable_all_controllers"};
 
     // Miscellaneous
     BasicSetting<std::string> log_filter{"*:Info", "log_filter"};
diff --git a/src/common/settings_input.h b/src/common/settings_input.h
index 609600582..4ff37e186 100644
--- a/src/common/settings_input.h
+++ b/src/common/settings_input.h
@@ -62,11 +62,22 @@ enum Values : int {
 
 constexpr int STICK_HID_BEGIN = LStick;
 constexpr int STICK_HID_END = NumAnalogs;
-constexpr int NUM_STICKS_HID = NumAnalogs;
 
 extern const std::array<const char*, NumAnalogs> mapping;
 } // namespace NativeAnalog
 
+namespace NativeTrigger {
+enum Values : int {
+    LTrigger,
+    RTrigger,
+
+    NumTriggers,
+};
+
+constexpr int TRIGGER_HID_BEGIN = LTrigger;
+constexpr int TRIGGER_HID_END = NumTriggers;
+} // namespace NativeTrigger
+
 namespace NativeVibration {
 enum Values : int {
     LeftVibrationDevice,
@@ -115,10 +126,20 @@ constexpr int NUM_MOUSE_HID = NumMouseButtons;
 extern const std::array<const char*, NumMouseButtons> mapping;
 } // namespace NativeMouseButton
 
+namespace NativeMouseWheel {
+enum Values {
+    X,
+    Y,
+
+    NumMouseWheels,
+};
+
+extern const std::array<const char*, NumMouseWheels> mapping;
+} // namespace NativeMouseWheel
+
 namespace NativeKeyboard {
 enum Keys {
     None,
-    Error,
 
     A = 4,
     B,
@@ -156,22 +177,22 @@ enum Keys {
     N8,
     N9,
     N0,
-    Enter,
+    Return,
     Escape,
     Backspace,
     Tab,
     Space,
     Minus,
-    Equal,
-    LeftBrace,
-    RightBrace,
-    Backslash,
+    Plus,
+    OpenBracket,
+    CloseBracket,
+    Pipe,
     Tilde,
     Semicolon,
-    Apostrophe,
-    Grave,
+    Quote,
+    Backquote,
     Comma,
-    Dot,
+    Period,
     Slash,
     CapsLockKey,
 
@@ -188,7 +209,7 @@ enum Keys {
     F11,
     F12,
 
-    SystemRequest,
+    PrintScreen,
     ScrollLockKey,
     Pause,
     Insert,
@@ -257,8 +278,18 @@ enum Keys {
     ScrollLockActive,
     KPComma,
 
-    KPLeftParenthesis,
-    KPRightParenthesis,
+    Ro = 0x87,
+    KatakanaHiragana,
+    Yen,
+    Henkan,
+    Muhenkan,
+    NumPadCommaPc98,
+
+    HangulEnglish = 0x90,
+    Hanja,
+    KatakanaKey,
+    HiraganaKey,
+    ZenkakuHankaku,
 
     LeftControlKey = 0xE0,
     LeftShiftKey,
@@ -307,6 +338,8 @@ enum Modifiers {
     CapsLock,
     ScrollLock,
     NumLock,
+    Katakana,
+    Hiragana,
 
     NumKeyboardMods,
 };
@@ -324,11 +357,6 @@ constexpr int NUM_KEYBOARD_MODS_HID = NumKeyboardMods;
 using AnalogsRaw = std::array<std::string, NativeAnalog::NumAnalogs>;
 using ButtonsRaw = std::array<std::string, NativeButton::NumButtons>;
 using MotionsRaw = std::array<std::string, NativeMotion::NumMotions>;
-using VibrationsRaw = std::array<std::string, NativeVibration::NumVibrations>;
-
-using MouseButtonsRaw = std::array<std::string, NativeMouseButton::NumMouseButtons>;
-using KeyboardKeysRaw = std::array<std::string, NativeKeyboard::NumKeyboardKeys>;
-using KeyboardModsRaw = std::array<std::string, NativeKeyboard::NumKeyboardMods>;
 
 constexpr u32 JOYCON_BODY_NEON_RED = 0xFF3C28;
 constexpr u32 JOYCON_BUTTONS_NEON_RED = 0x1E0A0A;
@@ -342,6 +370,11 @@ enum class ControllerType {
     RightJoycon,
     Handheld,
     GameCube,
+    Pokeball,
+    NES,
+    SNES,
+    N64,
+    SegaGenesis,
 };
 
 struct PlayerInput {
@@ -349,7 +382,6 @@ struct PlayerInput {
     ControllerType controller_type;
     ButtonsRaw buttons;
     AnalogsRaw analogs;
-    VibrationsRaw vibrations;
     MotionsRaw motions;
 
     bool vibration_enabled;
diff --git a/src/common/x64/cpu_detect.cpp b/src/common/x64/cpu_detect.cpp
index fccd2eee5..fbeacc7e2 100644
--- a/src/common/x64/cpu_detect.cpp
+++ b/src/common/x64/cpu_detect.cpp
@@ -71,9 +71,6 @@ static CPUCaps Detect() {
     else
         caps.manufacturer = Manufacturer::Unknown;
 
-    u32 family = {};
-    u32 model = {};
-
     __cpuid(cpu_id, 0x80000000);
 
     u32 max_ex_fn = cpu_id[0];
@@ -84,15 +81,6 @@ static CPUCaps Detect() {
     // Detect family and other miscellaneous features
     if (max_std_fn >= 1) {
         __cpuid(cpu_id, 0x00000001);
-        family = (cpu_id[0] >> 8) & 0xf;
-        model = (cpu_id[0] >> 4) & 0xf;
-        if (family == 0xf) {
-            family += (cpu_id[0] >> 20) & 0xff;
-        }
-        if (family >= 6) {
-            model += ((cpu_id[0] >> 16) & 0xf) << 4;
-        }
-
         if ((cpu_id[3] >> 25) & 1)
             caps.sse = true;
         if ((cpu_id[3] >> 26) & 1)
diff --git a/src/common/x64/native_clock.cpp b/src/common/x64/native_clock.cpp
index 87de40624..82ee2c8a1 100644
--- a/src/common/x64/native_clock.cpp
+++ b/src/common/x64/native_clock.cpp
@@ -15,26 +15,26 @@
 namespace Common {
 
 u64 EstimateRDTSCFrequency() {
-    const auto milli_10 = std::chrono::milliseconds{10};
-    // get current time
+    // Discard the first result measuring the rdtsc.
     _mm_mfence();
-    const u64 tscStart = __rdtsc();
-    const auto startTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
-    // wait roughly 3 seconds
-    while (true) {
-        auto milli = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
-            std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now() - startTime);
-        if (milli.count() >= 3000)
-            break;
-        std::this_thread::sleep_for(milli_10);
-    }
-    const auto endTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
+    __rdtsc();
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds{1});
+    _mm_mfence();
+    __rdtsc();
+
+    // Get the current time.
+    const auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    _mm_mfence();
+    const u64 tsc_start = __rdtsc();
+    // Wait for 200 milliseconds.
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds{200});
+    const auto end_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
     _mm_mfence();
-    const u64 tscEnd = __rdtsc();
-    // calculate difference
-    const u64 timer_diff =
-        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(endTime - startTime).count();
-    const u64 tsc_diff = tscEnd - tscStart;
+    const u64 tsc_end = __rdtsc();
+    // Calculate differences.
+    const u64 timer_diff = static_cast<u64>(
+        std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(end_time - start_time).count());
+    const u64 tsc_diff = tsc_end - tsc_start;
     const u64 tsc_freq = MultiplyAndDivide64(tsc_diff, 1000000000ULL, timer_diff);
     return tsc_freq;
 }