vulkan: Rework descriptor allocation algorithm

Create multiple descriptor pools on demand. There are some degrees of
freedom what is considered a compatible pool to avoid wasting large
pools on small descriptors.

15 files changed, 314 insertions, 197 deletions

diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.cpp
index 39fe9289b..4058f62cd 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.cpp
@@ -49,6 +49,16 @@ constexpr VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo ONE_TEXTURE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREA
     .bindingCount = 1,
     .pBindings = &TEXTURE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_BINDING<0>,
 };
+template <u32 num_textures>
+inline constexpr DescriptorBankInfo TEXTURE_DESCRIPTOR_BANK_INFO{
+    .uniform_buffers = 0,
+    .storage_buffers = 0,
+    .texture_buffers = 0,
+    .image_buffers = 0,
+    .textures = num_textures,
+    .images = 0,
+    .score = 2,
+};
 constexpr VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo TWO_TEXTURES_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO{
     .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
     .pNext = nullptr,
@@ -326,14 +336,16 @@ void BindBlitState(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf, VkPipelineLayout layout, const Regi
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
 BlitImageHelper::BlitImageHelper(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
-                                 StateTracker& state_tracker_, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool)
+                                 StateTracker& state_tracker_, DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool)
     : device{device_}, scheduler{scheduler_}, state_tracker{state_tracker_},
       one_texture_set_layout(device.GetLogical().CreateDescriptorSetLayout(
           ONE_TEXTURE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO)),
       two_textures_set_layout(device.GetLogical().CreateDescriptorSetLayout(
           TWO_TEXTURES_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO)),
-      one_texture_descriptor_allocator(descriptor_pool, *one_texture_set_layout),
-      two_textures_descriptor_allocator(descriptor_pool, *two_textures_set_layout),
+      one_texture_descriptor_allocator{
+          descriptor_pool.Allocator(*one_texture_set_layout, TEXTURE_DESCRIPTOR_BANK_INFO<1>)},
+      two_textures_descriptor_allocator{
+          descriptor_pool.Allocator(*two_textures_set_layout, TEXTURE_DESCRIPTOR_BANK_INFO<2>)},
       one_texture_pipeline_layout(device.GetLogical().CreatePipelineLayout(
           PipelineLayoutCreateInfo(one_texture_set_layout.address()))),
       two_textures_pipeline_layout(device.GetLogical().CreatePipelineLayout(
@@ -415,7 +427,6 @@ void BlitImageHelper::ConvertD32ToR32(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
 
 void BlitImageHelper::ConvertR32ToD32(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
                                       const ImageView& src_image_view) {
-
     ConvertColorToDepthPipeline(convert_r32_to_d32_pipeline, dst_framebuffer->RenderPass());
     Convert(*convert_r32_to_d32_pipeline, dst_framebuffer, src_image_view);
 }
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.h
index 0d81a06ed..33ee095c1 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ struct BlitImagePipelineKey {
 class BlitImageHelper {
 public:
     explicit BlitImageHelper(const Device& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
-                             StateTracker& state_tracker, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool);
+                             StateTracker& state_tracker, DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool);
     ~BlitImageHelper();
 
     void BlitColor(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, const ImageView& src_image_view,
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp
index cdda56ab1..568993c58 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ VkBufferView Buffer::View(u32 offset, u32 size, VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat
 BufferCacheRuntime::BufferCacheRuntime(const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_,
                                        VKScheduler& scheduler_, StagingBufferPool& staging_pool_,
                                        VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_,
-                                       VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool)
+                                       DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool)
     : device{device_}, memory_allocator{memory_allocator_}, scheduler{scheduler_},
       staging_pool{staging_pool_}, update_descriptor_queue{update_descriptor_queue_},
       uint8_pass(device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, staging_pool, update_descriptor_queue),
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h
index ea17406dc..c52001b5a 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 namespace Vulkan {
 
 class Device;
-class VKDescriptorPool;
+class DescriptorPool;
 class VKScheduler;
 
 class BufferCacheRuntime;
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public:
     explicit BufferCacheRuntime(const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& memory_manager_,
                                 VKScheduler& scheduler_, StagingBufferPool& staging_pool_,
                                 VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_,
-                                VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool);
+                                DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool);
 
     void Finish();
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.cpp
index ec9866605..e2f3d16bf 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.cpp
@@ -41,80 +41,92 @@ constexpr u32 ASTC_BINDING_SWIZZLE_BUFFER = 2;
 constexpr u32 ASTC_BINDING_OUTPUT_IMAGE = 3;
 constexpr size_t ASTC_NUM_BINDINGS = 4;
 
-VkPushConstantRange BuildComputePushConstantRange(std::size_t size) {
-    return {
-        .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
-        .offset = 0,
-        .size = static_cast<u32>(size),
-    };
-}
-
-std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, 2> BuildInputOutputDescriptorSetBindings() {
-    return {{
-        {
-            .binding = 0,
-            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
-            .pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
-        },
-        {
-            .binding = 1,
-            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
-            .pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
-        },
-    }};
-}
+template <size_t size>
+inline constexpr VkPushConstantRange COMPUTE_PUSH_CONSTANT_RANGE{
+    .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
+    .offset = 0,
+    .size = static_cast<u32>(size),
+};
 
-std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, ASTC_NUM_BINDINGS> BuildASTCDescriptorSetBindings() {
-    return {{
-        {
-            .binding = ASTC_BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER,
-            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
-            .pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
-        },
-        {
-            .binding = ASTC_BINDING_ENC_BUFFER,
-            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
-            .pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
-        },
-        {
-            .binding = ASTC_BINDING_SWIZZLE_BUFFER,
-            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
-            .pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
-        },
-        {
-            .binding = ASTC_BINDING_OUTPUT_IMAGE,
-            .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
-            .descriptorCount = 1,
-            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
-            .pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
-        },
-    }};
-}
+constexpr std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, 2> INPUT_OUTPUT_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDINGS{{
+    {
+        .binding = 0,
+        .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
+        .descriptorCount = 1,
+        .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
+        .pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
+    },
+    {
+        .binding = 1,
+        .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
+        .descriptorCount = 1,
+        .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
+        .pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
+    },
+}};
+
+constexpr DescriptorBankInfo INPUT_OUTPUT_BANK_INFO{
+    .uniform_buffers = 0,
+    .storage_buffers = 2,
+    .texture_buffers = 0,
+    .image_buffers = 0,
+    .textures = 0,
+    .images = 0,
+    .score = 2,
+};
 
-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntryKHR BuildInputOutputDescriptorUpdateTemplate() {
-    return {
-        .dstBinding = 0,
-        .dstArrayElement = 0,
-        .descriptorCount = 2,
+constexpr std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, 4> ASTC_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDINGS{{
+    {
+        .binding = ASTC_BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER,
         .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
-        .offset = 0,
-        .stride = sizeof(DescriptorUpdateEntry),
-    };
-}
+        .descriptorCount = 1,
+        .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
+        .pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
+    },
+    {
+        .binding = ASTC_BINDING_ENC_BUFFER,
+        .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
+        .descriptorCount = 1,
+        .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
+        .pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
+    },
+    {
+        .binding = ASTC_BINDING_SWIZZLE_BUFFER,
+        .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
+        .descriptorCount = 1,
+        .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
+        .pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
+    },
+    {
+        .binding = ASTC_BINDING_OUTPUT_IMAGE,
+        .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE,
+        .descriptorCount = 1,
+        .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
+        .pImmutableSamplers = nullptr,
+    },
+}};
+
+constexpr DescriptorBankInfo ASTC_BANK_INFO{
+    .uniform_buffers = 0,
+    .storage_buffers = 3,
+    .texture_buffers = 0,
+    .image_buffers = 0,
+    .textures = 0,
+    .images = 1,
+    .score = 4,
+};
+
+constexpr VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntryKHR INPUT_OUTPUT_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE{
+    .dstBinding = 0,
+    .dstArrayElement = 0,
+    .descriptorCount = 2,
+    .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER,
+    .offset = 0,
+    .stride = sizeof(DescriptorUpdateEntry),
+};
 
-std::array<VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntryKHR, ASTC_NUM_BINDINGS>
-BuildASTCPassDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry() {
-    return {{
+constexpr std::array<VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntryKHR, ASTC_NUM_BINDINGS>
+    ASTC_PASS_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_ENTRY{{
         {
             .dstBinding = ASTC_BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER,
             .dstArrayElement = 0,
@@ -148,7 +160,6 @@ BuildASTCPassDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry() {
             .stride = sizeof(DescriptorUpdateEntry),
         },
     }};
-}
 
 struct AstcPushConstants {
     std::array<u32, 2> blocks_dims;
@@ -159,14 +170,13 @@ struct AstcPushConstants {
     u32 block_height;
     u32 block_height_mask;
 };
-
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-VKComputePass::VKComputePass(const Device& device, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
-                             vk::Span<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings,
-                             vk::Span<VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntryKHR> templates,
-                             vk::Span<VkPushConstantRange> push_constants,
-                             std::span<const u32> code) {
+ComputePass::ComputePass(const Device& device, DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
+                         vk::Span<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings,
+                         vk::Span<VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntryKHR> templates,
+                         const DescriptorBankInfo& bank_info,
+                         vk::Span<VkPushConstantRange> push_constants, std::span<const u32> code) {
     descriptor_set_layout = device.GetLogical().CreateDescriptorSetLayout({
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,
@@ -196,8 +206,7 @@ VKComputePass::VKComputePass(const Device& device, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_
             .pipelineLayout = *layout,
             .set = 0,
         });
-
-        descriptor_allocator.emplace(descriptor_pool, *descriptor_set_layout);
+        descriptor_allocator = descriptor_pool.Allocator(*descriptor_set_layout, bank_info);
     }
     module = device.GetLogical().CreateShaderModule({
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
@@ -226,23 +235,23 @@ VKComputePass::VKComputePass(const Device& device, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_
     });
 }
 
-VKComputePass::~VKComputePass() = default;
+ComputePass::~ComputePass() = default;
 
-VkDescriptorSet VKComputePass::CommitDescriptorSet(
-    VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue) {
+VkDescriptorSet ComputePass::CommitDescriptorSet(VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue) {
     if (!descriptor_template) {
         return nullptr;
     }
-    const VkDescriptorSet set = descriptor_allocator->Commit();
+    const VkDescriptorSet set = descriptor_allocator.Commit();
     update_descriptor_queue.Send(descriptor_template.address(), set);
     return set;
 }
 
-Uint8Pass::Uint8Pass(const Device& device, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
-                     VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool, StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
+Uint8Pass::Uint8Pass(const Device& device, VKScheduler& scheduler_, DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
+                     StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
                      VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_)
-    : VKComputePass(device, descriptor_pool, BuildInputOutputDescriptorSetBindings(),
-                    BuildInputOutputDescriptorUpdateTemplate(), {}, VULKAN_UINT8_COMP_SPV),
+    : ComputePass(device, descriptor_pool, INPUT_OUTPUT_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDINGS,
+                  INPUT_OUTPUT_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE, INPUT_OUTPUT_BANK_INFO, {},
+                  VULKAN_UINT8_COMP_SPV),
       scheduler{scheduler_}, staging_buffer_pool{staging_buffer_pool_},
       update_descriptor_queue{update_descriptor_queue_} {}
 
@@ -277,12 +286,12 @@ std::pair<VkBuffer, VkDeviceSize> Uint8Pass::Assemble(u32 num_vertices, VkBuffer
 }
 
 QuadIndexedPass::QuadIndexedPass(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
-                                 VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
+                                 DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
                                  StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
                                  VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_)
-    : VKComputePass(device_, descriptor_pool_, BuildInputOutputDescriptorSetBindings(),
-                    BuildInputOutputDescriptorUpdateTemplate(),
-                    BuildComputePushConstantRange(sizeof(u32) * 2), VULKAN_QUAD_INDEXED_COMP_SPV),
+    : ComputePass(device_, descriptor_pool_, INPUT_OUTPUT_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDINGS,
+                  INPUT_OUTPUT_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE, INPUT_OUTPUT_BANK_INFO,
+                  COMPUTE_PUSH_CONSTANT_RANGE<sizeof(u32) * 2>, VULKAN_QUAD_INDEXED_COMP_SPV),
       scheduler{scheduler_}, staging_buffer_pool{staging_buffer_pool_},
       update_descriptor_queue{update_descriptor_queue_} {}
 
@@ -337,14 +346,13 @@ std::pair<VkBuffer, VkDeviceSize> QuadIndexedPass::Assemble(
 }
 
 ASTCDecoderPass::ASTCDecoderPass(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
-                                 VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
+                                 DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
                                  StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
                                  VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_,
                                  MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_)
-    : VKComputePass(device_, descriptor_pool_, BuildASTCDescriptorSetBindings(),
-                    BuildASTCPassDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry(),
-                    BuildComputePushConstantRange(sizeof(AstcPushConstants)),
-                    ASTC_DECODER_COMP_SPV),
+    : ComputePass(device_, descriptor_pool_, ASTC_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BINDINGS,
+                  ASTC_PASS_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_ENTRY, ASTC_BANK_INFO,
+                  COMPUTE_PUSH_CONSTANT_RANGE<sizeof(AstcPushConstants)>, ASTC_DECODER_COMP_SPV),
       device{device_}, scheduler{scheduler_}, staging_buffer_pool{staging_buffer_pool_},
       update_descriptor_queue{update_descriptor_queue_}, memory_allocator{memory_allocator_} {}
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.h
index 5ea187c30..54c1ac4cb 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.h
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <optional>
 #include <span>
 #include <utility>
 
@@ -27,13 +26,14 @@ class VKUpdateDescriptorQueue;
 class Image;
 struct StagingBufferRef;
 
-class VKComputePass {
+class ComputePass {
 public:
-    explicit VKComputePass(const Device& device, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
-                           vk::Span<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings,
-                           vk::Span<VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntryKHR> templates,
-                           vk::Span<VkPushConstantRange> push_constants, std::span<const u32> code);
-    ~VKComputePass();
+    explicit ComputePass(const Device& device, DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
+                         vk::Span<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> bindings,
+                         vk::Span<VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntryKHR> templates,
+                         const DescriptorBankInfo& bank_info,
+                         vk::Span<VkPushConstantRange> push_constants, std::span<const u32> code);
+    ~ComputePass();
 
 protected:
     VkDescriptorSet CommitDescriptorSet(VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue);
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ protected:
 
 private:
     vk::DescriptorSetLayout descriptor_set_layout;
-    std::optional<DescriptorAllocator> descriptor_allocator;
+    DescriptorAllocator descriptor_allocator;
     vk::ShaderModule module;
 };
 
-class Uint8Pass final : public VKComputePass {
+class Uint8Pass final : public ComputePass {
 public:
     explicit Uint8Pass(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
-                       VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_, StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
+                       DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_, StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
                        VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_);
     ~Uint8Pass();
 
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ private:
     VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue;
 };
 
-class QuadIndexedPass final : public VKComputePass {
+class QuadIndexedPass final : public ComputePass {
 public:
     explicit QuadIndexedPass(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
-                             VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
+                             DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
                              StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
                              VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_);
     ~QuadIndexedPass();
@@ -84,10 +84,10 @@ private:
     VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue;
 };
 
-class ASTCDecoderPass final : public VKComputePass {
+class ASTCDecoderPass final : public ComputePass {
 public:
     explicit ASTCDecoderPass(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
-                             VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
+                             DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
                              StagingBufferPool& staging_buffer_pool_,
                              VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_,
                              MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_);
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pipeline.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pipeline.cpp
index 990ead575..54a57c358 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pipeline.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pipeline.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 namespace Vulkan {
 
-ComputePipeline::ComputePipeline(const Device& device, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
+ComputePipeline::ComputePipeline(const Device& device, DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
                                  VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_,
                                  Common::ThreadWorker* thread_worker, const Shader::Info& info_,
                                  vk::ShaderModule spv_module_)
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ ComputePipeline::ComputePipeline(const Device& device, VKDescriptorPool& descrip
     descriptor_set_layout = builder.CreateDescriptorSetLayout();
     pipeline_layout = builder.CreatePipelineLayout(*descriptor_set_layout);
     descriptor_update_template = builder.CreateTemplate(*descriptor_set_layout, *pipeline_layout);
-    descriptor_allocator = DescriptorAllocator(descriptor_pool, *descriptor_set_layout);
+    descriptor_allocator = descriptor_pool.Allocator(*descriptor_set_layout, info);
 
     auto func{[this, &device] {
         const VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfoEXT subgroup_size_ci{
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pipeline.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pipeline.h
index 8efdc2926..0d4cd37be 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pipeline.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pipeline.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class VKScheduler;
 
 class ComputePipeline {
 public:
-    explicit ComputePipeline(const Device& device, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
+    explicit ComputePipeline(const Device& device, DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
                              VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue,
                              Common::ThreadWorker* thread_worker, const Shader::Info& info,
                              vk::ShaderModule spv_module);
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.cpp
index 3bea1ff44..8e77e4796 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <mutex>
+#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
@@ -13,77 +15,149 @@
 
 namespace Vulkan {
 
-// Prefer small grow rates to avoid saturating the descriptor pool with barely used pipelines.
-constexpr std::size_t SETS_GROW_RATE = 0x20;
+// Prefer small grow rates to avoid saturating the descriptor pool with barely used pipelines
+constexpr size_t SETS_GROW_RATE = 16;
+constexpr s32 SCORE_THRESHOLD = 3;
+constexpr u32 SETS_PER_POOL = 64;
 
-DescriptorAllocator::DescriptorAllocator(VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
-                                         VkDescriptorSetLayout layout_)
-    : ResourcePool(descriptor_pool_.master_semaphore, SETS_GROW_RATE),
-      descriptor_pool{&descriptor_pool_}, layout{layout_} {}
+struct DescriptorBank {
+    DescriptorBankInfo info;
+    std::vector<vk::DescriptorPool> pools;
+};
 
-VkDescriptorSet DescriptorAllocator::Commit() {
-    const std::size_t index = CommitResource();
-    return descriptors_allocations[index / SETS_GROW_RATE][index % SETS_GROW_RATE];
+bool DescriptorBankInfo::IsSuperset(const DescriptorBankInfo& subset) const noexcept {
+    return uniform_buffers >= subset.uniform_buffers && storage_buffers >= subset.storage_buffers &&
+           texture_buffers >= subset.texture_buffers && image_buffers >= subset.image_buffers &&
+           textures >= subset.textures && images >= subset.image_buffers;
 }
 
-void DescriptorAllocator::Allocate(std::size_t begin, std::size_t end) {
-    descriptors_allocations.push_back(descriptor_pool->AllocateDescriptors(layout, end - begin));
+template <typename Descriptors>
+static u32 Accumulate(const Descriptors& descriptors) {
+    u32 count = 0;
+    for (const auto& descriptor : descriptors) {
+        count += descriptor.count;
+    }
+    return count;
 }
 
-VKDescriptorPool::VKDescriptorPool(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler)
-    : device{device_}, master_semaphore{scheduler.GetMasterSemaphore()}, active_pool{
-                                                                             AllocateNewPool()} {}
-
-VKDescriptorPool::~VKDescriptorPool() = default;
-
-vk::DescriptorPool* VKDescriptorPool::AllocateNewPool() {
-    static constexpr u32 num_sets = 0x20000;
-    static constexpr VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_sizes[] = {
-        {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, num_sets * 90},
-        {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER, num_sets * 60},
-        {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER, num_sets * 64},
-        {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, num_sets * 64},
-        {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER, num_sets * 64},
-        {VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE, num_sets * 40},
-    };
+static DescriptorBankInfo MakeBankInfo(std::span<const Shader::Info> infos) {
+    DescriptorBankInfo bank;
+    for (const Shader::Info& info : infos) {
+        bank.uniform_buffers += Accumulate(info.constant_buffer_descriptors);
+        bank.storage_buffers += Accumulate(info.storage_buffers_descriptors);
+        bank.texture_buffers += Accumulate(info.texture_buffer_descriptors);
+        bank.image_buffers += Accumulate(info.image_buffer_descriptors);
+        bank.textures += Accumulate(info.texture_descriptors);
+        bank.images += Accumulate(info.image_descriptors);
+    }
+    bank.score = bank.uniform_buffers + bank.storage_buffers + bank.texture_buffers +
+                 bank.image_buffers + bank.textures + bank.images;
+    return bank;
+}
 
-    const VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo ci{
+static void AllocatePool(const Device& device, DescriptorBank& bank) {
+    std::array<VkDescriptorPoolSize, 6> pool_sizes;
+    size_t pool_cursor{};
+    const auto add = [&](VkDescriptorType type, u32 count) {
+        if (count > 0) {
+            pool_sizes[pool_cursor++] = {
+                .type = type,
+                .descriptorCount = count * SETS_PER_POOL,
+            };
+        }
+    };
+    const auto& info{bank.info};
+    add(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, info.uniform_buffers);
+    add(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER, info.storage_buffers);
+    add(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER, info.texture_buffers);
+    add(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER, info.image_buffers);
+    add(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, info.textures);
+    add(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE, info.images);
+    bank.pools.push_back(device.GetLogical().CreateDescriptorPool({
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,
         .flags = VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT,
-        .maxSets = num_sets,
-        .poolSizeCount = static_cast<u32>(std::size(pool_sizes)),
+        .maxSets = SETS_PER_POOL,
+        .poolSizeCount = static_cast<u32>(pool_cursor),
         .pPoolSizes = std::data(pool_sizes),
-    };
-    return &pools.emplace_back(device.GetLogical().CreateDescriptorPool(ci));
+    }));
 }
 
-vk::DescriptorSets VKDescriptorPool::AllocateDescriptors(VkDescriptorSetLayout layout,
-                                                         std::size_t count) {
-    const std::vector layout_copies(count, layout);
-    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo ai{
+DescriptorAllocator::DescriptorAllocator(const Device& device_, MasterSemaphore& master_semaphore_,
+                                         DescriptorBank& bank_, VkDescriptorSetLayout layout_)
+    : ResourcePool(master_semaphore_, SETS_GROW_RATE), device{&device_}, bank{&bank_},
+      layout{layout_} {}
+
+VkDescriptorSet DescriptorAllocator::Commit() {
+    const size_t index = CommitResource();
+    return sets[index / SETS_GROW_RATE][index % SETS_GROW_RATE];
+}
+
+void DescriptorAllocator::Allocate(size_t begin, size_t end) {
+    sets.push_back(AllocateDescriptors(end - begin));
+}
+
+vk::DescriptorSets DescriptorAllocator::AllocateDescriptors(size_t count) {
+    const std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> layouts(count, layout);
+    VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocate_info{
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,
-        .descriptorPool = **active_pool,
+        .descriptorPool = *bank->pools.back(),
         .descriptorSetCount = static_cast<u32>(count),
-        .pSetLayouts = layout_copies.data(),
+        .pSetLayouts = layouts.data(),
     };
-
-    vk::DescriptorSets sets = active_pool->Allocate(ai);
-    if (!sets.IsOutOfPoolMemory()) {
-        return sets;
+    vk::DescriptorSets new_sets = bank->pools.back().Allocate(allocate_info);
+    if (!new_sets.IsOutOfPoolMemory()) {
+        return new_sets;
     }
-
     // Our current pool is out of memory. Allocate a new one and retry
-    active_pool = AllocateNewPool();
-    ai.descriptorPool = **active_pool;
-    sets = active_pool->Allocate(ai);
-    if (!sets.IsOutOfPoolMemory()) {
-        return sets;
+    AllocatePool(*device, *bank);
+    allocate_info.descriptorPool = *bank->pools.back();
+    new_sets = bank->pools.back().Allocate(allocate_info);
+    if (!new_sets.IsOutOfPoolMemory()) {
+        return new_sets;
     }
-
     // After allocating a new pool, we are out of memory again. We can't handle this from here.
     throw vk::Exception(VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY);
 }
 
+DescriptorPool::DescriptorPool(const Device& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler)
+    : device{device_}, master_semaphore{scheduler.GetMasterSemaphore()} {}
+
+DescriptorPool::~DescriptorPool() = default;
+
+DescriptorAllocator DescriptorPool::Allocator(VkDescriptorSetLayout layout,
+                                              std::span<const Shader::Info> infos) {
+    return Allocator(layout, MakeBankInfo(infos));
+}
+
+DescriptorAllocator DescriptorPool::Allocator(VkDescriptorSetLayout layout,
+                                              const Shader::Info& info) {
+    return Allocator(layout, MakeBankInfo(std::array{info}));
+}
+
+DescriptorAllocator DescriptorPool::Allocator(VkDescriptorSetLayout layout,
+                                              const DescriptorBankInfo& info) {
+    return DescriptorAllocator(device, master_semaphore, Bank(info), layout);
+}
+
+DescriptorBank& DescriptorPool::Bank(const DescriptorBankInfo& reqs) {
+    std::shared_lock read_lock{banks_mutex};
+    const auto it = std::ranges::find_if(bank_infos, [&reqs](const DescriptorBankInfo& bank) {
+        return std::abs(bank.score - reqs.score) < SCORE_THRESHOLD && bank.IsSuperset(reqs);
+    });
+    if (it != bank_infos.end()) {
+        return *banks[std::distance(bank_infos.begin(), it)].get();
+    }
+    read_lock.unlock();
+
+    std::unique_lock write_lock{banks_mutex};
+    bank_infos.push_back(reqs);
+
+    auto& bank = *banks.emplace_back(std::make_unique<DescriptorBank>());
+    bank.info = reqs;
+    AllocatePool(device, bank);
+    return bank;
+}
+
 } // namespace Vulkan
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.h
index 2501f9967..59466aac5 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_descriptor_pool.h
@@ -4,21 +4,38 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <shared_mutex>
+#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include "shader_recompiler/shader_info.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_resource_pool.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
 
 namespace Vulkan {
 
 class Device;
-class VKDescriptorPool;
 class VKScheduler;
 
+struct DescriptorBank;
+
+struct DescriptorBankInfo {
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsSuperset(const DescriptorBankInfo& subset) const noexcept;
+
+    u32 uniform_buffers{}; ///< Number of uniform buffer descriptors
+    u32 storage_buffers{}; ///< Number of storage buffer descriptors
+    u32 texture_buffers{}; ///< Number of texture buffer descriptors
+    u32 image_buffers{};   ///< Number of image buffer descriptors
+    u32 textures{};        ///< Number of texture descriptors
+    u32 images{};          ///< Number of image descriptors
+    s32 score{};           ///< Number of descriptors in total
+};
+
 class DescriptorAllocator final : public ResourcePool {
+    friend class DescriptorPool;
+
 public:
     explicit DescriptorAllocator() = default;
-    explicit DescriptorAllocator(VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool, VkDescriptorSetLayout layout);
     ~DescriptorAllocator() override = default;
 
     DescriptorAllocator& operator=(DescriptorAllocator&&) noexcept = default;
@@ -29,36 +46,43 @@ public:
 
     VkDescriptorSet Commit();
 
-protected:
-    void Allocate(std::size_t begin, std::size_t end) override;
-
 private:
-    VKDescriptorPool* descriptor_pool{};
+    explicit DescriptorAllocator(const Device& device_, MasterSemaphore& master_semaphore_,
+                                 DescriptorBank& bank_, VkDescriptorSetLayout layout_);
+
+    void Allocate(size_t begin, size_t end) override;
+
+    vk::DescriptorSets AllocateDescriptors(size_t count);
+
+    const Device* device{};
+    DescriptorBank* bank{};
     VkDescriptorSetLayout layout{};
 
-    std::vector<vk::DescriptorSets> descriptors_allocations;
+    std::vector<vk::DescriptorSets> sets;
 };
 
-class VKDescriptorPool final {
-    friend DescriptorAllocator;
-
+class DescriptorPool {
 public:
-    explicit VKDescriptorPool(const Device& device, VKScheduler& scheduler);
-    ~VKDescriptorPool();
+    explicit DescriptorPool(const Device& device, VKScheduler& scheduler);
+    ~DescriptorPool();
 
-    VKDescriptorPool(const VKDescriptorPool&) = delete;
-    VKDescriptorPool& operator=(const VKDescriptorPool&) = delete;
+    DescriptorPool& operator=(const DescriptorPool&) = delete;
+    DescriptorPool(const DescriptorPool&) = delete;
 
-private:
-    vk::DescriptorPool* AllocateNewPool();
+    DescriptorAllocator Allocator(VkDescriptorSetLayout layout,
+                                  std::span<const Shader::Info> infos);
+    DescriptorAllocator Allocator(VkDescriptorSetLayout layout, const Shader::Info& info);
+    DescriptorAllocator Allocator(VkDescriptorSetLayout layout, const DescriptorBankInfo& info);
 
-    vk::DescriptorSets AllocateDescriptors(VkDescriptorSetLayout layout, std::size_t count);
+private:
+    DescriptorBank& Bank(const DescriptorBankInfo& reqs);
 
     const Device& device;
     MasterSemaphore& master_semaphore;
 
-    std::vector<vk::DescriptorPool> pools;
-    vk::DescriptorPool* active_pool;
+    std::shared_mutex banks_mutex;
+    std::vector<DescriptorBankInfo> bank_infos;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<DescriptorBank>> banks;
 };
 
 } // namespace Vulkan
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_graphics_pipeline.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_graphics_pipeline.cpp
index 674226cb7..0526c197a 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_graphics_pipeline.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_graphics_pipeline.cpp
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ ConfigureFuncPtr ConfigureFunc(const std::array<vk::ShaderModule, NUM_STAGES>& m
 GraphicsPipeline::GraphicsPipeline(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d_,
                                    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
                                    BufferCache& buffer_cache_, TextureCache& texture_cache_,
-                                   const Device& device, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
+                                   const Device& device, DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
                                    VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_,
                                    Common::ThreadWorker* worker_thread,
                                    RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache,
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ GraphicsPipeline::GraphicsPipeline(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d_,
 
     DescriptorLayoutBuilder builder{MakeBuilder(device, stage_infos)};
     descriptor_set_layout = builder.CreateDescriptorSetLayout();
-    descriptor_allocator = DescriptorAllocator(descriptor_pool, *descriptor_set_layout);
+    descriptor_allocator = descriptor_pool.Allocator(*descriptor_set_layout, stage_infos);
 
     auto func{[this, &device, &render_pass_cache, builder] {
         const VkDescriptorSetLayout set_layout{*descriptor_set_layout};
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_graphics_pipeline.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_graphics_pipeline.h
index edab5703f..454fc049e 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_graphics_pipeline.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_graphics_pipeline.h
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public:
     explicit GraphicsPipeline(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
                               Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, VKScheduler& scheduler,
                               BufferCache& buffer_cache, TextureCache& texture_cache,
-                              const Device& device, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
+                              const Device& device, DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
                               VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue,
                               Common::ThreadWorker* worker_thread,
                               RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache,
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.cpp
index 2bd870060..9d9729022 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.cpp
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ PipelineCache::PipelineCache(RasterizerVulkan& rasterizer_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
                              Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d_,
                              Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute_,
                              Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_, const Device& device_,
-                             VKScheduler& scheduler_, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
+                             VKScheduler& scheduler_, DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
                              VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_,
                              RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache_, BufferCache& buffer_cache_,
                              TextureCache& texture_cache_)
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.h
index ad569acc4..eec17d3fd 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.h
@@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ namespace Vulkan {
 
 class ComputePipeline;
 class Device;
+class DescriptorPool;
 class GenericEnvironment;
 class RasterizerVulkan;
 class RenderPassCache;
-class VKDescriptorPool;
 class VKScheduler;
 class VKUpdateDescriptorQueue;
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public:
                            Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
                            Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute,
                            Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, const Device& device,
-                           VKScheduler& scheduler, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
+                           VKScheduler& scheduler, DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
                            VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue,
                            RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache, BufferCache& buffer_cache,
                            TextureCache& texture_cache);
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ private:
 
     const Device& device;
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
-    VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool;
+    DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool;
     VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue;
     RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache;
     BufferCache& buffer_cache;
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h
index 2f1551e65..1302bed02 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ private:
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
 
     StagingBufferPool staging_pool;
-    VKDescriptorPool descriptor_pool;
+    DescriptorPool descriptor_pool;
     VKUpdateDescriptorQueue update_descriptor_queue;
     BlitImageHelper blit_image;
     ASTCDecoderPass astc_decoder_pass;